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Maths Project Sec A

maths project on topic Inverse Trignometric Functions

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71 views15 pages

Maths Project Sec A

maths project on topic Inverse Trignometric Functions

Uploaded by

hartejsaroy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

Inverse trigonometric functions play a significant role in


mathematics, especially in solving equations involving angles and
trigonometric functions. In Class 12, the study of these functions
introduces students to concepts that extend beyond the basic
trigonometric ratios, deepening their understanding of how
trigonometry applies in various mathematical problems.
Inverse trigonometric functions are the inverse operations of the basic
trigonometric functions: sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and
cosecant. While trigonometric functions take angles as input and give
the corresponding ratio of sides in a right triangle as output, their
inverse functions work in the opposite manner. They take the value of
a trigonometric ratio and return the corresponding angle.
For instance:
 The inverse of the sine function is called arcsine, written as
sin−1(x).
 The inverse of the cosine function is called arccosine, written as
cos−1(x).
 The inverse of the tangent function is called arctangent, written
as tan−1(x), and so on for the other trigonometric functions.
Principal Values and Ranges
A key concept while dealing with inverse trigonometric functions is
the principal value branch. Since trigonometric functions are
periodic, their inverse functions would have multiple values for a
given input. To resolve this ambiguity, we restrict the range of inverse
functions to a specific interval called the principal value range.
For example:
 The principal value of sin−1(x) lies within [−π/2,π/2]
 The principal value of cos−1(x) lies within [0,π]
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
The six trigonometric functions are:
 Sine (sin): The sine of an angle is defined as the ratio of
the length of the side opposite the angle to the length of
the hypotenuse in a right triangle. Example: sin(90°) = 1
 Cosine (cos): The cosine of an angle is defined as the ratio of
the length of the adjacent side to the length of the hypotenuse
in a right triangle. Example: cos(90°) = 0
 Tangent (tan): The tangent of an angle is defined as the
ratio of the sine of the angle to the cosine of the angle.
Example: tan(45°) =1
 Cosecant (cosec): The cosec of an angle is defined as
the reciprocal of the sine of the angle. Example:
cosec(90°) = 1
 Secant (sec): The secant of an angle is defined as the
reciprocal of the cosine of the angle. Example: sec(0°) = 1
 Cotangent (cot): The cotangent of an angle is defined as
the reciprocal of the tangent of the angle. Example:
cot(45°)=1
These trigonometric functions are periodic, meaning their values
repeat after certain intervals. The period of sine, cosine, secant, and
cosecant functions is 2π radians, while the period of tangent and
cotangent functions is π radians.
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
The six inverse trigonometric functions are:

 -1: This function calculates the angle whose sine equals a


-√3
given value. For example , -1 gives the angle whose
2

sine is -√3 ).
2
 -1: This function calculates the angle whose cosine equals a
given value. For example , -1 √3 gives the angle whose
2
√3
cosine is 2
.
 -1: This function calculates the angle whose tangent equals a
given value. For example, -1 gives the angle whose
tangent is .
 -1:
This function calculates the angle whose cosecant
equals a given value. For example, -1(2) gives the angle

whose cosecant is (2).


-1
 : This function calculates the angle whose secant equals a
given value. For example, -1(-2) gives the angle whose

secant is (-2)
 -1:This function calculates the angle whose cotangent equals
a given value. For example, -1(-1) gives the angle whose

cotangent is (-1).
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
FORMULAS
1 sin-1(-x) = -sin-1(x), x [-1,1]

2 cos-1(-x) = π - cos-1(x), x [-1,1]

3 tan-1(-x) = - tan-1(x), x R

4 cosec-1(-x) = - cosec-1(x), |x| ≥ 1

5 sec-1(-x) = π - sec-1(x), |x| ≥ 1

6 cot-1(-x) = π – cot-1(x), x R

7 sin(sin-1(x)) = x, -1 ≤ x ≤ 1

8 cos(cos-1(x)) = x, -1 ≤ x ≤ 1

9 tan(tan-1(x)) = x, –∞ < x< ∞.

10 cosec(cosec-1(x)) = x, – ∞ < x ≤1 or -1 ≤ x < ∞

11 sec(sec-1(x)) = x , - ∞ < x ≤ 1 or 1 ≤ x < ∞

12 cot(cot-1(x)) = x, – ∞ < x < ∞.


13 sin-1(sinθ) = θ, -π/2 ≤ θ≤π/2

14 cos-1(cosθ) = θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π

15 tan-1(tanθ) = θ, -π/2 < θ < π/2

16 cosec-1(cosecθ) = θ, – π/2 ≤ θ < 0 or 0 < θ ≤ π/2

17 sec-1(secθ) = θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2 or π/2 < θ ≤ π

18 cot-1(cotθ) = θ, 0 < θ < π

19 -1(1/x) = -1(x) , if x ≥ 1or x ≤ -1

20 -1(1/x) = -1(x), if x ≥ 1or x ≤ -1

21 -1(1/x) = -1(x), x>0

22 -1(1/x) = -1(x), x<0

23 -1x + -1 x = π/2, x [-1,1]

24 -1x + -1x = π/2, x R

25 -1x + -1x = π/2, |x| ≥ 1


26 -1
-1 x+y= (( x+y ) / ( 1-xy )), if the value xy > 1

27 -1 x+y= -1 (( x+y ) / ( 1–xy )), if the value xy < 1

28 -1 – -1y = -1(( x-y) / ( 1+xy )), if the value xy > -1

29 2 -1x = -1(2x/(1+ 2)), |x| ≤ 1

30 2 -1 x= -1(( 1- 2) / (1+ 2)) ,x ≥ 0

31 2 -1x = -1(2x/(1- 2)), -1 < x < 1

32 sin-1x + sin-1y = sin-1(x 2 +y 2)

33 sin-1x - sin-1y = sin-1(x 2 -y 2)

34 -1 x + cos-1y = cos-1(xy- 2 2)

35 -1 x + cos-1y = cos-1(xy+ 2 2)

36 3 -1x = -1(3x-4x3)

37 3 -1x= -1(4x3 -3x)

38 3 -1x= -1(( 3x-x3) / (1-3x2))


GRAPHS OF TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
GRAPHS OF INVERSE
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
 Inverse sine Function

Domain : -1 ≤ x ≤ 1

Range : -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2

 Inverse cosine Function

Domain : -1 ≤ x ≤ 1

Range : 0 ≤ y ≤ π
 Inverse tan Function

Domain : -∞ < x < ∞

Range : -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2

 Inverse cot Function

Domain : -∞ < x < ∞

Range : 0 ≤ y ≤ π
 Inverse secant Function

Domain : -∞ ≤ x ≤ -1 or 1 ≤ x ≤ ∞

Range : 0 ≤ y ≤ π, y ≠ π/2

 Inverse cosec Function

Domain : -∞ ≤ x ≤ -1 or 1 ≤ x ≤ ∞

Range : -π/2 ≤ y ≤ π/2, y ≠ 0


APPLICATION OF INVERSE
TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Some reasons highlighting the importance of trigonometric functions are
as follows:

 Geometry and Trigonometry: Trigonometric functions provide a


fundamental connection between angles and the sides of triangles.They
are extensively used in geometry to solve problems involving angles,
lengths, and areas of triangles and other geometric shapes.
 PhysicsandEngineering: Trigonometry is indispensable in physics
and engineering disciplines. It is used to describe and analyze periodic
phenomena, oscillations, waves and rotations. Trigonometric functions
help model and understand various physical phenomena, such as the
motion of objects, electrical signals, sound waves, and light waves.
 Navigation and Surveying: Trigonometry plays a vital role in
navigation and surveying. By using trigonometric functions, one can
determine distances, heights, angles, and coordinates. It enables
navigation and the creation of accurate maps, as well as measuring
and marking positions on the Earth's surface.
 Wave Analysis and Signal Processing: Trigonometric functions
are crucial in wave analysis and signal processing. They help analyze
and manipulate periodic signals ,such as audio signals ,radio waves and
digital signals.

 Applied Sciences: Trigonometry finds applications in diverse
scientific disciplines, including astronomy, biology, chemistry,
computer graphics ,cryptography ,geology, economics and more. It
provides valuable tools for analyzing data, making predictions, and
solving problems in these fields.

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