Naman Gupta

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF. FLUIDS

PHYSICS [COMPETENCY]
Maximum Marks : 100 Time Duration : 2 Hour

Answer Key

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

d c a c b c b b

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

a c c a c b d d

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

c b b b d d c c

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32

a d b a a d d c

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

d a d a c b a b

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

b c b b a c a b

49 50

a b
 SOLUTIONS

Question No: 1

(d) 12.5×10−2 m
Question No: 2
(c): Let v1,v2 are the speed of air on the lower and upper surface S of the wings of the plane P1 and
P2 are the pressure there.
According to Bernoulli's theorem

P1+12ρv =P +12ρv P1−P2=12ρ v −v

21 2 22 22 21 ( )
Here, v1=234 km h−1=234×518 ms−1=65 ms−1

v2=270 km h−1=270×518=75 m s−1

Area of wings =2×25 m2=50 m2

(
∴P1−P2=12×1 752−652 )
(
Upward force on the plane = P1−P2 A )
(
=12×1× 752−652 ×50 m2 )
As the plane is in level flight, therefore upward force balances the weight of the plane.

(
∴mg= P1−P2 A )
(
Mass of the plane, m= P1−P2 gA )
2
( 2
)
=12×1× 75 −65 10×50=(75+65)(75−65)×502×10=3500 kg

Question No: 3
(a) : By equation of continuity
Av= constant
where A is the area of the cross-section of the tube and v is the velocity of the flow.
From (i) it is clear that, when the area of the cross-section of the tube is less, the velocity of the
liquid flow is more.
So the velocity of liquid flow of a constriction of the tube is more than the other portion of the tube.
By Bernoulli's theorem P+12ρv2= constant.
Therefore if v is more, P is less and vice versa
Question No: 4
(c): The weight of the aircraft is balanced by the upward force due to the pressure difference.
i.e., △PA=mg
5
(
ΔP=mgA= 4×10 kg )(10 ms−2)500 m2=45×104Nm−2=8×103 N m−2
Let v1,v2 are the speed of air on the lower and upper surface of the wings of the aircraft, and P1,P2
are the pressures there.
Using Bernoulli's theorem, we get

P1+12ρv =P +12ρv P1−P2=12ρ v −v

21 2 22 22 21 (
ΔP=ρ2 v2+v1 ) ( )(v2−v1)=ρvav (v2−v1) or v2−v1
=ΔPρvav
Here, vav=v1+v22=720kmh−1

=720×518 ms−1=200 m s−1

4 2 4 4
∴v2−v1vav=ΔPρv2av=45×10 1.2×(200) =4×10 5×1.2×4×10 =0.1

Question No: 5
(b): Here, the diameter of the tap,
D=1.25 cm=1.25×10−2 m
Density of water, ρ=103 kg m−3
Coefficient of viscosity, η=10−3 Pa s
The volume of water flowing out per second is
−3 m360 s
Q=3 L per min=3×10 =5×10−5 m3 s−1
Reynolds number is given by
3 −3 −5 m3 s−13.14×1.25×10−2 m×10−3Pas
Rθ=4ρQπDη=4×10 kgm ×5×10 =5095>2000
Thus, the flow will be turbulent.
Question No: 6
(c): According to the equation of continuity, av= constant. It means, that as area increases, velocity
decreases.
Thus, as blood flows from narrow arteries to wider ones, velocity decreases.
According to Bernoulli's theorem, P+12ρv2= a constant
It means, that as velocity decreases, pressure increases.
Thus, when arteries become narrow, blood pressure increases.
Question No: 7

(b): M=43πr3ρ and 8M=43πR3ρ,

∴R3=8r3 or R=2r
As v∝r2

() ( )
′ 2 2
∴v V= Rr = 2rr =4 or v′=4v

Question No: 8

(b): Here, diameter, D=1.25 cm=1.25×10−2 m

Density of water, ρ=103 kg m−3
Coefficient of viscosity, η=10−3 Pa s
Rate of flow of water, Q=5×10−5 m3 s−1
Reynolds number, NA=vpDη
where v is the speed of flow.
Rate of flow of water Q= area of cross-section × speed of flow
2 2
Q=πD 4×v or v=4QπD
Substituting the value of v in eqn (i), we get
 2 −5
NR=4QρDπD η=4QρπDη=4×5×10 ×10
3
( )
227 ×1.25×10−2×10−3≈5100

For NA>3000, the flow is turbulent.

Hence, the flow of water is turbulent with Reynolds number 5100.
Question No: 9
(a) Capillarity
Question No: 10

(c): Total cross-sectional area of the femurs is, A=2×10 cm2=2×10×10−4 m2=20×10−4 m2 Force
acting on them is
F=mg=40 kg×10 m s−2=400 N
∴ Average pressure sustained by them is
−4 m2
P=FA=400 N20×10 =2×105 N m−2
Question No: 11
(c): Since pressure is transmitted undiminished throughout the water
∴F1A1=F2A2
where F1 and F2 are the forces on the smaller and on the larger pistons respectively and A1 and A2
are the respective areas.

( )
2 2 2
2
( 2
∴F2=A2A1F1=π D2/2 π D1/2 F1=) ( ) D2D1 (
F1= 3×10
−2 m
) (1×10−2 m) ×10 N=90 N
Question No: 12
(a): Let the radius of the bigger drop is R and the smaller drop is r then
43πR3=8×43×πr3
or R=2r
Terminal velocity, v∝r2

( )
′ 2 2 2
∴v v=R r = 2rr =4 (Using (i))

or V=4v=4×8=32 cm s−1
Question No: 13

(c):

According to a steady flow,

[ ]
A1v1=A2v2+A3v3 or A3v3=A1v1−A2v2 or v3=1A3 A1v1−A2v2 =10.4[0.2×4−0.2×2]=1 m s−1

Question No: 14

(b): Velocity of water flowing out of hole, v=√2gh Height of hole from ground level =(H−h).
The time is taken by water to cover vertical distance (H−h) is given by

(H−h)=12gt2 or t= √ 2(H−h)g

Horizontal range,

R=vt=√2gh× √ 2(H−h)g=2√h(H−h)

The horizontal range will be maximum if dRdh=0

−1/2
(
i.e. 2×12 hH−h2 ) ×(H−2h)=0

or H=2h or h=H2
Question No: 15
(d) May decrease or increase depending upon the size
Question No: 16

(d) :v1= √ ( )√2g h2 = gh

Using Bernoulli's theorem, we get

Pa+ρgh+2ρg () h2 =Pa+12(2ρ)v
22
or v2=√2gh

∴v1v2=1√2
Question No: 17
(c) : According to ascent formula, h=2Scosθpg
For a given liquid, hr=2Scosθρg= constant
∴h1r1=h2r2

or h2=h1r1r2=(2.0) r1 ( )(r1/3)=(2.0)(3)=6.0 cm
Question No: 18
(b) It will spread as a thin layer
Question No: 19
(b) Convex
Question No: 20
(b) 2M
Question No: 21

(d): Here, surface tension, S=2.5×10−2 N m−1 r=6 mm=6×10−3 m

−2 −3
Excess pressure inside the soap bubble, P=4Sr=4×2.5×10 6×10 =16.7 Pa
Question No: 22
(d): As ηblood >ηwates therefore blood is more viscous than water.
Hence, option (a) is a correct statement.
The height of the blood column in the human body is more at the feet than at the brain.
Consequently, the blood pressure in humans is greater at the feet than in the brain.
Hence, option (b) is a correct statement.
The angle of contact with mercury with glass is obtuse while that of water with glass is acute.
Hence option (c) is a correct statement.
A spinning cricket ball in the air does not follow a parabolic trajectory.
Hence, option (d) is an incorrect statement.
Question No: 23

(c): From Torricelli's theorem, v=√(2gd)

Time t to hit the ground is given by h=12gt2 or t= √ √

2hg ∴R=vt=√(2gd) 2hg=2√dh or d=R24h

Question No: 24
(c) 8:1
Question No: 25
∘ ∘
(a): Here, h1=2Scos0 r1ρg and h2=2Scos0 r2ρg

∴h1−h2=2Scos
0∘ρg
[ 1r1−1r2
] ( )
=2S r2−r1 r1r2ρg

But h1−h2=h (given)

( )
∴h=2S r2−r1 r1r2ρg or S=r1r2hρg2 r2−r1 ( )
Question No: 26

(d) 8∘
Question No: 27
(b): According to Poiseuille's equation

()
4
4
V=πPr 8ηlV′=π(4P) r2 8ηl

′
Divide (ii) by (i), we get V V=416=14 or V′=V4
Question No: 28
(a): The terminal speed of a spherical body of radius r, density ρ falling through a medium of density
σ is given by
2
v=29r (ρ−σ)gη
where η is the coefficient of viscosity of the medium.

( ) (
∴vg=29r2g ρg−σliquid gηliquid and vs=29r2s ρs−σliquid gη-quid )
where the subscripts g and s represent gold and silver spheres respectively.
Since both, the spheres are of the same size and fall in the same liquid,
−3 −3
∴vgvs=ρg−σliquid ρs−σiquid =(19.5−1.5)kgm (10.5−1.5)kgm =189=2
or vs=vg2=0.22 m s−1=0.1 m s−1

Question No: 29
(a) Capillarity
Question No: 30
(d): Lines of flow do not intersect each other.
Question No: 31
(d): Excess pressure inside the liquid drop, P=2SR, where S is the surface tension and R is its radius.
∴P1=2SR1 and P2=2SR2
But P1=4P2
(Given)

∴2SR1=4
( ) 2SR2 or R1R2=14

If ρ is the density of water, then m1=43πR ρ and m2=43πR ρ

31 32

( )
3

()
3
∴m1m2= R1R2 = 14 =164

Question No: 32
(c): The meniscus of liquid in a capillary tube will be convex upwards if the angle of contact is
obtuse. It is so when one end of a glass capillary tube is immersed in a trough of mercury.
Question No: 33
(d): Here, l1=I2=1 m,
and r1r2=12
As V=πP1r418ηI=πP2r428ηI

( )
4
or P1P2= r2r1 =16

∴P1=16P2
Since both tubes are connected in series, hence pressure difference across the combination is
P=P1+P2⇒1=P1+P116 or P1=1617=0.94 m

Question No: 34

( )
2
(a): According to equation of continuity A1v1=A2v2 v1v2=A2A1=πD22/4πD21/4= D2D1

Here, D1=2.5 cm,D2=3.75 cm

( ) ()
2 2
∴v1v2= 3.752.5 = 32 =94

Question No: 35
(d): Relative density of solid
= weight in air weight in air − weight in water =120120−80=12040=3
Relative density of liquid = weight in air − weight in liquid weight in air − weight in water
=120−60120−80=6040=32
Question No: 36
(a): Rise of liquid in a capillary tube, h=2scosθpg h∝1g
∴hmoon hearth =gcarth gmoon =6gmoon gmoon =6hmoon =6hearth

Question No: 37
(c): When a round pebble is dropped from the top of a tall cylinder filled with viscous oil the pebble
acquires terminal velocity after some time. Hence option (c) represents the correct graph.
Question No: 38
(b) It expands
Question No: 39
(a) Surface tension of the liquid
Question No: 40

(b) 15.2×10−6pJ
Question No: 41
(b) The liquid will wet the solid
Question No: 42
(c) From a flat surface
Question No: 43
(b) Because of the capillary action of cotton threads
Question No: 44
(b): Here, the area of cross-section of the tube
a1=6 cm2=6×10−4 m2
Number of holes =50
Diameter of each hole, D=1 mm=10−3 m
Radius of hole, r=D2=12×10−3=5×10−4 m
Area of a cross-section of each hole
2 2
(
b=πr2=π 5×10−4 )m
The total area of the cross-section of 50 holes,
2 2
(
a2=50×π 5×10−4 ) m
Speed of liquid inside the tube,
v1=1.2 m min−1=1.260 ms−1=0.02 ms−1
Let the velocity of ejection of the liquid through the hole v2 As a1v1=a2v2

−4×0.0250×π 5×10−4 2
or v2=a1v1a2=6×10 ( )
=0.31 m s−1

Question No: 45
(a) Surface tension
Question No: 46

(c) : Here, h=2000 m,ρ=103 kg m−3,

g=10 ms−2
The pressure outside the submarine is
P=Pa+ρgh
where Pa is the atmospheric pressure.
Pressure inside the submarine is Pa.
Hence, the net pressure acting on the window is gauge pressure.
Gauge pressure, Pg=P−Pa=ρgh

=103 kg m−3×10 m s−2×2000 m=2×107 PaAreaofawindowis

A=50 \mathrm{~cm} \times 50 \mathrm{~cm}=2500 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~m}^2
Forceactingonthewindowis
F=P_g A=2 \times 10^7 \mathrm{~Pa} \times 2500 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~m}^2=5 \times
10^6 \mathrm{~N}
$
Question No: 47
(a): V be the volume of the iceberg, x be the volume out of seawater.
The iceberg is floating in seawater then
Vρice g=(V−x)ρsea water g or V×0.9×g=(V−x)1.1 g or 0.9 V=1.1 V−1.1x0.2 V=1.1x∴xV=0.21.1
Percentage of a fraction of the volume of the iceberg above the level of seawater
xv×100=0.21.1×100=18%
Question No: 48
(b): Along a streamline, the velocity of every fluid particle while crossing a given position is the
same.
Question No: 49
(a) 6 cm
Question No: 50
(b): The metal block moves to the right due to the tension T in the string, which is equal to the
weight of the suspended mass m at the end of the string. Thus the shear force F is
F=T=mg=0.010 kg×9.8 m s−2=9.8×10−2 N
−2 N0.10 m2
Shear stress on the fluid =FA=9.8×10
−1 −3 m
Strain rate =vl=0.085 ms 0.30×10
η= Shear

(
stress Strainrate = 9.8×10−2 N )(0.30×10−3 m)(0.085 m s−1)(0.10 m2)=3.45×10−3Pas