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ICT Lecture 2

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35 views

ICT Lecture 2

Uploaded by

farhanufaiz26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION

AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGIES
Hierarchy of Computers
Computer

Digital computer Analog computer Hybrid Computer

Mainframe
Micro Computer Super Computer Mini Computer
Computer

Desktop Notebook Handheld


Tablet PC Workstations
Computer Computers Computers
Analog computer
 Analog computers are used to process analog data.
Analog data is of continuous nature and which is not
discrete or separate.
 Such type of data includes temperature, pressure,
speed weight, voltage, depth etc.
 An analog computer does not operate with digital signals.
 It recognizes a continuous measurement of a physical
property.
 Difficult to operate & use.
 Output is usually displayed on a meter or graphs (e.g.
voltage, pressure, speed & temperature)
 Has low memory & fewer functions
 Built for specific purposes & mainly used in field of
medicine & engineering
Analog computer
Digital Computers
A digital computer works with digits.
 Digital Computers operate on inputs which are
ON or an OFF type and its output is also in the
form of ON or an OFF signal
 Normally, an ON is represented by a “1” and an
OFF is represented by a “0”
 It operates by calculating numbers or digits and
gives output in digital form.
 These are very fast, can be reprogrammed, &
can compare values efficiently.
 Store results in a digital format.
 Have various sizes, speeds, capacities &
memories.
Difference between Analog and Digital
Computer
Analog Computers Digital Computers

Deals with continuous values, Deals with Discrete values and have
hence have no state two states.
Represent physical quantities in the Represents physical quantities in
waves form or continuous form numbers or symbols form
Difficult to use, Low memory, Slow Easy to use, Large memory, High
speed, less reliable Speed, more reliable
Used in engineering and science Used in all fields of life

Used to calculate analog quantities Used to calculate mathematical


like speed, weight, pressure etc and logical operations
Examples, Thermometer, analog Examples: Digital clock, laptops etc
clock etc
Hybrid Computers
 Combination of both analog & digital.
 Some processing is done on analog part and some on
the digital form.
 A hybrid PC combines the best characteristics of both
the other types & thus produces better results
 Can take input in both digital & analog from.
 In the hybrid types of computers, the Digital parts
convert the analog signals to perform operations and
Process control.
 Hybrid computers are used mainly in specialized
applications where both kinds of data need to be
processed. Therefore, they help the user, to process
both continuous and discrete data.
 Example: Calculation of patient’s heart function,
temperature, blood pressure.
Hybrid Computer
Micro Computer
 Micro computers are the smallest computer
system. Its also known as Grand child Computer.
 Their size range from calculator to desktop size.
 Its CPU is microprocessor.

Personal Computer (PC)


 A personal computer is a type of microcomputer
designed to meet the computing needs of an
individual.
 It consists of one or more input devices, Output
device, storage device, memory and processor.
Micro Computer
Classification of Micro Computers
 Desktop computers
 Notebook computers
 Tablet PC
 Handheld Computers
 Workstations
Desktop Computer
 It is designed in a way that all its components fit
on a desk or a table.

Notebook Computer
 It is also called as Laptop Computer, it is small in
size and can be placed easily on lap.
 It can be used using batteries, It can perform
same basic functions as a personal computer.
 A notebook computer contains CPU, memory
capacity and disk drives.
 The keyboard and touchpad in notebook
computer are placed on the top of the system
unit.
 They are easy to carry and can be used outdoors,
in airports and in classrooms without the need for
the nearby electrical outlet.
Tablet PC
 A Tablet PC is a portable computing device
featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be
used as a writing or drawing pad.
 The user gives instructions with digital pen.
 Many tablet PCs have built-in microphone.
Tablet PC
Handheld Computers
 A handheld computer is one that is designed to fit
into a pocket, run on batteries, and be used while
you are holding it
 Also called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
 Send and receive e-mail
 Use maps and global positioning
 Maintain expense account, contacts, to-do lists,
memos, etc.
 Make voice calls using cellular service (Smart
Phone)
Handheld PC(PDA)
Smart phone
Workstations
The term “workstation” has two meanings
 Powerful desktop models designed for
specialized tasks
 Ordinary personal computers connected to a
local area network.
 A computer network is two or more computers or
other devices that are connected for the purpose of
sharing data and programs
Workstation
Mini Computer
Mini Computer (midsized computer) is a general purpose
computer of a size intermediate between a microcomputer
and a mainframe.
 They are generally more powerful and useful as
compared to micro computer.
 A minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable
of supporting hundreds users simultaneously.
 They have larger RAM and storage capacity
 Mini computer are also known as mid range computer
or Child computer.
 Application:- Departmental systems, Network Servers,
work group system.
Mini computer
Main Frame Computer
 Mainframe computers are those computers that offer faster
processing and greater storage area.
• These are capable of supporting thousands of users
simultaneously.
• Mainframe computers can process several million instructions
per second
 The word “main frame” comes from the metal frames. It is also
known as Father computer.
 Application – Host computer, Central data base server,
government and banks.
.
Mainframe Computer
Super Computer
 Super computers are fastest and most
expensive.
 A super computer contains a number of CPU’s
which operate in parallel to make it faster.
 It is also known as grand father computer.
 Application :- weather forecasting, weapons,
research and development.
Super computer

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