CHAPTER-I

ABSTRACT
Cleaning is that the main basic want for all people at large and it\'s
necessary for daily routine method Due to unassessed industrialization and
unmanaged construction & development projects in developing countries like
Nepal, quality of air has been significantly compromised. People are being
compelled to inhale polluted air and significant amount of dust particles. Air
quality has been sufficiently degraded below the standard set by World
Health Organization (WHO), and this has become a serious issue. One of the
major reasons is dust particles spread from road to atmosphere by vehicles
plying on the road, where roads is dug up for construction purposes only to
leave it uncompleted because of political, financial and personal interests of
the elite groups and construction company owners. This can lead to serious
health hazards like sever allergy, lung cancer and other problems related to
breathing. In order to address this problem, we have designed, fabricated
and tested a ‘Mechanically Operated Road Sweeper’ prototype that is
financially viable and socio-economically beneficial. This machine works on
simple principle of centrifugal motion of cylindrical brush throwing dust
particles from road surface in the container, uses local materials and is
cheap with respect to other machines and is efficient as well. This can be
used in the side area of roads where dust has been piled up in maximal
amount. We have performed detailed mathematical calculation and analysis
for design specification of each and every part of the machine components
and made a prototype design in Solidworks. Then after we successfully
fabricated using conventional fabrication tools and tested its performance.

1
 CHAPTER-II
OBJECTIVES
If the oil is spitted on the street there are more chances of accidents but
it can be avoid by using the floor washer function. The dust can be cleaned by
using the high speed blowers. The pipe can be cleaned without get choked. To
develop a machine that helps in easy and quick cleaning.

AIM OF PROJECT

To develop a machine that helps in straight forward and fast clean up to get rid
of the solid dust from road by the employment of scrubber that is rotate
by victimisation wheel motion and it collect into dust collector tank..

2
 CHAPTER-III
INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND
Air is the element that has made life possible in this beautiful planet earth. Had
there not been air none of the living species that we know exists today might not be
here. We not only humans but all other living beings need air for their survival. Air
is the most essential component for living
being’s
survival on this planet earth. We may even survive for a week without food,
couple of days without water but is it possible for us to be alive in the absence of
air for a couple of minutes. The answer would be a big NO. Air is what we need
24/7 for survival but the air that we breathe in sometimes causes some serious
health hazards. The reason for our illness is polluted air. Polluted air has negative
impacts on respiratory system of our body. So, do we stop breathing now? That
choice might cost our life. So, the only possible choice that we are left with is to
clean the air. The pollutants of air must be removed to make the air clean and
harmless. The air pollution has been the major problem since the last decade in
world. Kathmandu being one of the most polluted cities in Asia has to be
customized to get rid of the pollution. Pollution caused by dust and particles, poses
grave danger to children, older people and people with respiratory illness. For this
purpose, we the students of Industrial engineering approached to build Road
Sweeper for dust removal. Dust has evolved as a serious problem in Kathmandu
city which has occurred due to road expansion, electrical and electronic installation
in roads, Melamchi water project and settlement of dust from air pollution.

3
Therefore, Road Sweeper can play a vital role for maintenance and keeping the
city clean.
History of cleaning

Cleaning has become a basic want for all people at large and it's inescapable daily
routine method. the traditional road improvement machine is most
generally utilized in railway stations, airports, hospitals, Bus stands, etc.
Additionally this machine wants power for its operation. it's not user
friendly likewise as eco-friendly. In summer time there's power crisis and most of
the roads improvement machines aren't used effectively because
of this drawback significantly. In our project we have a tendency to square
measure mistreatment simply on the market materials with low value. it's the
higher different for typical Machine improvement work may be physically
strict and a necessity has been known to developed strategies for systematic
engineering science analysis of latest merchandise. In recent years,
floor improvement robots are becoming additional standard for busy and aging
populations because of lack of employees. but in Asian
nation, state is additional and therefore there's a necessity to develop less
labor destined improvement machine. In recent
years, typical floor improvement machines square measure most generally utilized
in airports, railway stations, malls, hospitals and in several business places,
as improvement is one among the necessary parameter for the sanitation and
government laws. For maintaining such places, improvement the ground is that the
major task that is critical.

Cleaning has become a basic need for all human beings and it is unavoidable daily
routine process. The conventional road cleaning machine is most widely used in
railway stations, airports, hospitals, Bus stands, etc. also this machine needs

4
electrical energy for its operation. It is not user friendly as well as eco-friendly. In
summer time there is power crisis and most of the roads cleaning machines are not
used effectively due to this problem particularly. In our project we are using easily
available materials with low cost. It is the better alternative for conventional
Machine Cleaning work can be physically demanding and a need has been
identified to developed methods for systematic ergonomic evaluation of new
products. In recent years, floor cleaning robots are getting more popular for busy
and aging populations due to lack of workers. However in India, unemployment is
more and hence there is a need to develop less labor oriented cleaning machine. In
recent years, conventional floor cleaning machines are most widely used in
airports, railway stations, malls, hospitals and in many commercial places, as
cleaning is one of the important parameter for the sanitation and government
regulations. For maintaining such places, cleaning the floor is the major task which
is necessary. There are conventional floor cleaning machines available to perform
floor cleaning operations in above said places. Generally a conventional floor
cleaning machines requires electrical energy for its operation. In India, especially
in summer there is power crisis, in majority of places. Hence cleaning the floor
using the conventional floor cleaning machines is difficult without electricity. In
this project an effort has been made to develop a manually operated floor cleaning
machine so that it can be an alternative for conventional floor cleaning machines
during power crisis. A manually operated floor cleaning is developed with major
list of objectives, one; to achieve simultaneous dry and wet cleaning in a single
run, secondly to make the machine cost effective and thirdly to reduce the
maintenance cost of the manually operated floor cleaning machine as far as
possible.

5
 CHAPTER-IV
LITERATURE REVIEW

M Ranjit Kumar and N Kapilan

The conventional floor cleaning machines is most widely used in
airport platforms, railway platforms, hospitals, bus stands, and malls and in
many other commercial places. These devices need an electrical energy for
its operation and not user friendly. In India, especially in summer, there is
power crisis and most of the floor cleaning machine is not used effectively
due to this problem, particularly in bus stands. In this work, modeling and
analysis of the floor cleaning machine was done using suitable commercially
available software. From the finite element analysis, we observe that the stress
level in the manually operated floor cleaning machine is within the safe limit.

Prathmesh Joshi, Akshay Malviya & Priya Soni

This project report is based on the “Manually Driven Platform Cleaning
Machine” which serves the basic needs of cleaning large floors.

Ritvick Ghosh, H R Vinay Kumar, Dattatraya, Pavan Kumar

B. Hiremath, Prof. Pradeep Kumar
This paper elaborates the design and fabrication of a floor cleaner which
runs purely on mechanical power and also has the capability of being ridden
at low speeds by the user. The mechanism used to drive the cleaning mechanism
would be similar to the one used in a spinning mop commonly known as a
‘magic mop’. The mechanism works using a bevel gear system wherein high

6
speed multiplications can be obtained using the right gear specifications. The
input to the system would be in the form a foot-pedal accessible to the user.
Sandeep J. Meshram & Dr G.D.Mehta
This paper presents the design and fabrication of Tricycle operated
street cleaning machine with the related search. At present we have few
automated machines which are foreign made and can be used in our country. This
basically instigates to thing for an alternative mechanism called Street cleaning
process.

Manreet Kaur & Preeti Abrol

Manual work is taken over the robot technology and many of the related
robot appliances are being used extensively also. Here represents the technology
that proposed the working of robot for Floor cleaning. This floor cleaner
robot can work in any of two modes i.e. “Automatic and Manual”.

“Design and economical to use. Analysis of operated by

hand Floor improvement Machine”-The authors has been designed
and analyzed manually Gutter brush: Brushes square measure tools
composed of bristles operated floor improvement machine. From
his analysis he that square measure mounted into a mounting board, and,
like alternative types concluded the strain level within the operated by
hand of brushes, they're elastic, flexible, and change to machine
is among the safe limit. irregular or flat surfaces. because of these options, a
gutter brush will reach tough or specific areas while not damaging the
bristles or the surfaces to be sweptwing. Sandeep. J. Meshram et al 2016

7
“Design and Development of wheeled vehicle Operated Street Cleaning
Machine” – He has developed the road improvement machine by wheeled
vehicle operated. during this analysis article he framed a model particularly
for geographical area. He over that the cleaning is a smaller
amount effective wherever the road looks to be very rough and broken. Liu
et al 2015.

In India, road is cleaned by hand using different handmade instruments.

Initially itwas washed by different reed brushes. According to Egyptian
houses were built of sundried mud bricks at times white- washed and the
roads were stamped earth. The road of the outdoor kitchen too was simply
the ground baked stone hard by thesun. Unless it was raining,
whichhappened only rarely, these roads were easy to keep clean by
sweeping. Nowadays, India is very fast developing country. The major profit
of makingorganization of India is Indian Road Transport. There is still a lot
of efforts are implemented to clean the road for its maintenance. Also, some
people are irresponsible. They through garbage,wrappers, plastic bottles,
waste on roads. So, it is very necessary to remove waste from road.

8
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

How mud has become the key downside of capital of Nepal city? pollution is one
in all the rising and exponentially growing downside. One in all the
key contributors of pollution is harmful soil dusts particle. Soil dusts square
measure generated thanks to heavily growth of road, construction of
buildings, electrical and physical science maintenance pole in roads etc. These
dusts aren't cleansed in time by the metropolitan staff. owing to that, mud will
increase in immense quantity and unfold all around by vehicles, commuters and
native wind. Therefore, observant this downside we tend to tried to bring an
answer by victimisation native resource and technologies
providing quicker and economical work with zero energy consumption.

9
 CHAPTER-V

TYPES OF ROAD CLEANING MACHINES

 Vacuum cleaner
 Floor cleaning machine
 etc.,

5.1 VACUUM CLEANER

A vacuum cleaner, also known as a sweeper, is a device that uses
an air pump (a centrifugal fan in all but some of the very oldest models), to create a
partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and from other
surfaces such as upholstery and draperies.

FIG.NO 1

10
5.2 FLOOR CLEANING MACHINE
Floor scrubber is a floor cleaning device. It can be simple tools
such as floor mops and floor brushes, or in a form of walk-behind or ride-on
machines to clean larger floor areas by injecting water with cleaning solution,
scrubbing, and lifting the residuals off the floor. With the advancement
in robotics, autonomous floor-scrubbing robots are available as well.

FIG.NO 2

11
 3. METHODOLOGY
1. Market Analysis to identify problems andrequirements.
2. Selection of suitable fabrication materials.
3. Concept design of structure.
4. Analysis of design and optimization.
5. Start of production and fabrication.
6. Testing and evaluation of overall performance.
7. Incorporating necessary modifications
8. Presentation and report formation

12
 CHAPTER-VI
LIST OF COMPONENTS
The following components are can be used in the multi purpose floor
cleaning machine,
 Chassis
 Gear box Motors
 Rotating brush
 Wheels
 Dust collector bucket
 battery
 Remote controller

6.1 CHASSIS
Chassis is the basic structure of the machine. Which is used to support the
weight of the other components in the multipurpose floor cleaning machine. This
CHASSIS can be made upon the wood. Also it can be made different materials. An
example of a chassis is the underpart of a motor vehicle, consisting of the frame
(on which the body is mounted). If the running gear such as wheels and
transmission, and sometimes even the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly
is described as a rolling chassis.
There are three types of frames:

1. Conventional Frame
2. Semi-Integral Frame
3. Integral or unit frame

13
1. Conventional Frame

Conventional-frame is also known as non-load carrying frame. In this type of

frame, the loads on the vehicle are transferred to the suspension by the frame,
which is the main skeleton of the vehicle. The frame supports the engine, power
train, and vehicle body. It is supported on the wheel axles by means of springs.

The bodywork is done by flexible material such as a wood and is completely

different from frame deflection with the help of rubber mounting. This type of
construction is widely used in trucks. The frame sections are normally channel,
tubular, or box type. The channel frame section is good in bending, a tubular
section in torsion, and a box in bending and torsion.

2. Semi-integral frames

In the semi-integral frame, the rubber body mounts are replaced by relatively stiff
mounts so that a part of the frame load is transferred to the body structure also.
This type of frame is quite popular for small. European cars and American cars. is,
however, heavy.

3. Integral or unit frame

In the integral or unit frame and body type construction, there is no frame and all
assembly units are attached to the body. The body and frame is a single unit which
is welded together and all the function of the frame are carried out on it.

The construction is such that the body sheets relieve the metal framework of part
of the stresses. This saves some weight over the conventional separate frame and
body construction.

14
6.3 GEAR BOX MOTOR
A gear or cogwheel is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, or cogs,
which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque. Geared devices can
change the speed, torque, and direction of a power source. Gears almost always
produce a change in torque, creating a mechanical advantage, through their gear
ratio, and thus may be considered a simple machine. The teeth on the two meshing
gears all have the same shape. Two or more meshing gears, working in a sequence,
are called a gear train or a transmission. A gear can mesh with a linear toothed
part, called a rack, thereby producing translation instead of rotation.

15
 FIG.NO 5

6.4.1 TYPES OF MOTORS

 AC motor
 DC motor

AC MOTOR
An AC motor is an electric motor driven by an alternating current (AC).
The AC motor commonly consists of two basic parts, an outside
stationary stator having coils supplied with alternating current to produce a rotating
magnetic field, and an inside rotor attached to the output shaft producing a second
rotating magnetic field. The rotor magnetic field may be produced by permanent
magnets, reluctance saliency, or DC or AC electrical windings

16
DC MOTOR

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts

direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types
rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have
some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically
change the direction of current flow in part of the motor.

Geared DC motors can be defined as an extension of DC motor which already had

its Insight details demystified here. A geared DC Motor has a gear assembly
attached to the motor. The speed of motor is counted in terms of rotations of the
shaft per minute and is termed as RPM .The gear assembly helps in increasing the
torque and reducing the speed. Using the correct combination of gears in a gear
motor, its speed can be reduced to any desirable figure. This concept where gears
reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its torque is known as gear reduction.
This Insight will explore all the minor and major details that make the gear head
and hence the working of geared DC motor.

External Structure
At the first sight, the external structure of a DC geared motor looks as a straight
expansion over the simple DC ones.
The lateral view of the motor shows the outer protrudes of the gear head. A nut is
placed near the shaft which helps in mounting the motor to the other parts of the
assembly.

17
Also, an internally threaded hole is there on the shaft to allow attachments or
extensions such as wheel to be attached to the motor.

The outer body of the gear head is made of high density plastic but it is quite easy
to open as only screws are used to attach the outer and the inner structure. The
major reason behind this could be to lubricate gear head from time to time.

The plastic body has a threading through which nut can be easily mounted and vice
versa from the gear head.

The cap that accommodates the gear has an arc cut from its side to avoid frictional
resistance forces with the bottom gear assembly.

18
The gear assembly is set up on two metallic cylinders whose working can be called
as similar to that of an axle. A total of three gears combine on these two cylinders
to form the bottom gear assembly out of which two gears share the same axle while
one gear comes in between them and takes a separate axle.

The gears are basically in form of a small sprocket but since they are not connected
by a chain, they can be termed as duplex gears in terms of a second cog
arrangement coaxially over the base. Among the three gears, two are exactly same
while the third one is bigger in terms of the number of teeth at the upper layer of
the duplex gear. The third gear is connected to the gear at the upper portion of the
gear head. The manner in which they are located near the upper part of the gear
head can be seen through the image shown below.
The combination of bottom gear assembly with the upper one can be seen down
under.

Working of the DC Geared Motor

The DC motor works over a fair range of voltage. The higher the input voltage
more is the RPM (rotations per minute) of the motor. For example, if the motor
works in the range of 6-12V, it will have the least RPM at 6V and maximum at 12
V.
In terms of voltage, we can put the equation as:
RPM= K1 * V, where,

19
K1= induced voltage constant
V=voltage applied

The working of the gears is very interesting to know. It can be explained by the
principle of conservation of angular momentum. The gear having smaller radius
will cover more RPM than the one with larger radius. However, the larger gear will
give more torque to the smaller gear than vice versa. The comparison of angular
velocity between input gear (the one that transfers energy) to output gear gives the
gear ratio. When multiple gears are connected together, conservation of energy is
also followed. The direction in which the other gear rotates is always the opposite
of the gear adjacent to it.
In any DC motor, RPM and torque are inversely proportional. Hence the gear
having more torque will provide a lesser RPM and converse. In a geared DC
motor, the concept of pulse width modulation is applied.
In a geared DC motor, the gear connecting the motor and the gear head is quite
small, hence it transfers more speed to the larger teeth part of the gear head and
makes it rotate. The larger part of the gear further turns the smaller duplex part.
The small duplex part receives the torque but not the speed from its predecessor

20
which it transfers to larger part of other gear and so on. The third gear’s duplex
part has more teeth than others and hence it transfers more torque to the gear that is
connected to the shaft.
6.6 ROTATING BRUSH
This brush have an rotating motion. It is also made upon the nylons.
The nylons are fixed around the shaft. Nylon Roller Brushes consists of a
structural shaft connected to the plastic tube. The filaments, locked to the support
are trimmed to form a cylindrical work surface.The versatility of this structure
allows maximizing working performance. Roller brushes are also referred to as
cylinder brushes and are staple set (punch filled), or wound from brush strip for
cylinder & coil brushes. We can manufacture any style or type of rotary brush to

suit your requirements.

21
 FIG.NO 8

WHEEL
A wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on
an axle bearing. The wheel is one of the main components of the wheel and
axle which is one of the six simple machines. Wheels, in conjunction with axles,
allow heavy objects to be moved easily facilitating movement or transportation
while supporting a load, or performing labor in machines. Wheels are also used for
other purposes, such as aship's wheel, steering wheel, potter's wheel and flywheel.
In multipurpose floor cleaning machine wheels are made upon the thermoplastics.

FIG.NO 9

22
DUST COLLECTORS
Dust collector which is used to collecting the dust.it is made upon the
plastics.different type of dust collector using domestic purpose till now and this
one of the type of dust collectors. A dust collector is a system used to enhance the
quality of air released from industrial and commercial processes by
collecting dust and other impurities from air or gas. ... It is distinguished from air
cleaners, which use disposable filters to remove dust.

23
BATTERY
BATTERY
How Do Lead Acid Batteries Work?
Lead Acid batteries have changed little since the 1880's although improvements in
materials and manufacturing methods continue to bring improvements in energy
density, life and reliability. All lead acid batteries consist of flat lead plates
immersed in a pool of electrolyte. Regular water addition is required for most types
of lead acid batteries although low-maintenance types come with excess electrolyte
calculated to compensate for water loss during a normal lifetime.

Battery Construction
Lead acid batteries used in the RV and Marine Industries usually consist of two 6-
volt batteries in series, or a single 12-volt battery. These batteries are constructed
of several single cells connected in series each cell produces approximately 2.1
volts. A six-volt battery has three single cells, which when fully charged produce
an output voltage of 6.3 volts. A twelve-volt battery has six single cells in series
producing a fully charged output voltage of 12.6 volts.
A battery cell consists of two lead plates a positive plate covered with a paste of
lead dioxide and a negative made of sponge lead, with an insulating material
(separator) in between. The plates are enclosed in a plastic battery case and then
submersed in an electrolyte consisting of water and sulfuric acid (see figure # 1).
Each cell is capable of storing 2.1 volts.

24
In order for lead acid cell to produce a voltage, it must first receive a (forming)
charge voltage of at least 2.1-volts/cell from a charger. Lead acid batteries do not
generate voltage on their own; they only store a charge from another source. This
is the reason lead acid batteries are called storage batteries, because they only store
a charge. The size of the battery plates and amount of electrolyte determines the
amount of charge lead acid batteries can store. The size of this storage capacity is
described as the amp hour (AH) rating of a battery. A typical 12-volt battery used
in a RV or marine craft has a rating 125 AH, which means it can supply 10 amps of
current for 12.5 hours or 20-amps of current for a period of 6.25 hours. Lead acid
batteries can be connected in parallel to increase the total AH capacity.
In figure # 2 below, six single 2.1-volt cells have been connected in series to make
the typical 12-volt battery, which when fully charged will produce a total voltage
of 12.6-volts.

25
Lead Acid Batter Discharge Cycle

In figure # 3, above a fully charged battery is connected to a load (light bulb) and
the chemical reaction between sulfuric acid and the lead plates produces the
electricity to light the bulb. This chemical reaction also begins to coat both positive
and negative plates with a substance called lead sulfate also known
as sulfation (shown as a yellow build-up on plates). This build-up of lead sulfate is
normal during a discharge cycle. As the battery continues to discharge, lead
sulfate coats more and more of the plates and battery voltage begins to decrease
from fully charged state of 12.6-volts (figure # 4).

In figure # 5 the battery is now fully discharged, the plates are almost completely
covered with lead sulfate (sulfation) and voltage has dropped to 10.5-volts.
NOTE: Discharging a lead acid battery below 10.5 volts will severely damage it!

26
Lead sulfate (sulfation) now coats most of the battery plates. Lead sulfate is a soft
material, which can is reconverted back into lead and sulfuric acid, provided the
discharged battery is immediately connected to a battery charger. If a lead acid
battery is not immediately recharged, the lead sulfate will begin to form hard
crystals, which can not be reconverted by a standard fixed voltage (13.6 volts)
battery converter/charger.
NOTE: Always recharge your RV or Marine battery as soon as possible to prevent
loss of battery capacity due to the build-up of hard lead sulfate crystals!

Lead Acid Battery Recharge Cycle

The most important thing to understand about recharging lead acid batteries is that
a converter/charger with a single fixed output voltage will not properly recharge or
maintain your battery. Proper recharging and maintenance requires an intelligent
charging system that can vary the charging voltage based on the state of charge and
use of your RV or Marine battery. Progressive Dynamics has developed intelligent
charging systems that solve battery problems and reduce battery maintenance.
The discharged battery shown in figure # 6 on the next page is connected to a
converter/charger with its output voltage set at 13.6-volts. In order to recharge a
12-volt lead acid battery with a fully charged terminal voltage of 12.6-volts, the
charger voltage must be set at a higher voltage. Most converter/chargers on the

27
market are set at approximately 13.6-volts. During the battery recharge cycle lead
sulfate (sulfation) begins to reconvert to lead and sulfuric acid.

During the recharging process as electricity flows through the water portion of the
electrolyte and water, (H2O) is converted into its original elements, hydrogen and
oxygen. These gasses are very flammable and the reason your RV or Marine
batteries must be vented outside. Gassing causes water loss and therefore lead acid
batteries need to have water added periodically. Sealed lead acid batteries contain
most of these gasses allowing them to recombine into the electrolyte. If the battery
is overcharged pressure from these gasses will cause relief caps to open and vent,
resulting in some water loss. Most sealed batteries have extra electrolyte added
during the manufacturing process to compensate for some water loss.

28
The battery shown in figure # 7 above has been fully recharged using a fixed
charging voltage of 13.6-volts. Notice that somelead sulfate (sulfation) still
remains on the plates. This build-up will continue after each recharging cycle and
gradually the battery will begin to loose capacity to store a full charge and
eventually must be replaced. Lead sulfate build up is reduced if battery is given
an Equalizing Charge once every 10 discharge cycles or at least once a month.
An Equalizing Chargeincreases charging voltage to 14.4 volts or higher for a short
period. This higher voltage causes gassing that equalizes (re-mixes) the electrolyte
solution.
Since most RV and Marine craft owners seldom remember to perform this
function, Progressive Dynamics has developed the microprocessor
controlled Charge Wizard. The Charge Wizard will automatically provide
an Equalizing Charge every 21 hours for a period of 15 minutes, when the battery
is fully charged and not in use. Our 2000 Series of Marine Battery Chargers have
the Charge Wizard feature built-in.
One disadvantage of recharging a lead acid battery at a fixed voltage of 13.6-volts
is the recharge time is very long. A typical 125-AH RV or Marine battery will take
approximately 80 hours to recharge at 13.6 volts. Increasing the charge voltage to
14.4-volts will reduce battery recharge time for a 125-AH battery to 3-4 hours.
Once a battery reaches 90% of full charge, thevoltage must be reduced from 14.4-
volts to 13.6-volts to reduce gassing and water loss. The optional Charge
Wizardautomatically senses when a battery has a very low state of charge and
automatically selects its BOOST MODE of operation.BOOST MODE increases
the voltage of a PD9100 Series converter/charger to 14.4 volts. When the battery
reaches the 90% charge level, the Charge Wizard automatically reduces the charge

29
voltage down to 13.6 volts to complete the charge. Again, this is a standard feature
on our Marine Chargers.
Another disadvantage of recharging a lead acid battery at a fixed voltage of 13.6-
volts is that once it is fully charged, 13.6 volts will cause considerable gassing and
water loss. To prevent this from occurring the charging voltage must be reduced to
13.2-volts. The Charge Wizard will automatically select its STORAGE MODE of
operation (13.2-volts) once the battery reaches full charge and remains unused for
a period of 30 hours. This feature is standard on all of Progressive Dynamics
Marine Battery Chargers.
At a charging voltage of 13.2 volts, the converter/charger will maintain a full
charge, reduce gassing and water loss. However, this lower voltage does not
provide enough gassing to prevent a battery condition called Battery Stratification.
Battery Stratification is caused by the fact that the electrolyte in the battery is a
mixture of water and acid and, like all mixtures, one component, the acid, is
heavier than water. Therefore, acid will begin to settle and concentrate at the
bottom of the battery (see figure #8).

This higher concentration of acid at the bottom of the battery causes additional
build-up of lead sulfate (sulfation), which reduces battery storage capacity and
battery life. In order to prevent Battery Stratification, an Equalization
Charge(increasing charging voltage to 14.4-volts) must be applied periodically.
The Charge Wizard automatically selects itsEQUALIZATION MODE (14.4 volts)
every 21 hours for a period of 15 minutes. This Equalizing Charge feature is
standard on our Marine chargers.

30
As you have learned, in order to properly charge and maintain a lead acid battery
you must use an intelligent charging system. Progressive Dynamics, Inteli-Power
9100 Series RV converters with a Charge Wizard installed, or one of our Inteli-
Power Marine Battery Chargers will provide the intelligent charging system your
battery needs for a long life, with low maintenance.

OBSTACLE SENSORS
An infrared sensor (IR sensor) is a radiation-sensitive optoelectronic
component with a spectral sensitivity in the infrared wavelength range
780 nm … 50 µm. IR sensors are now widely used in motion
detectors, which are used in building services to switch on lamps or in
alarm systems to detect unwelcome guests.
What is an IR Sensor?
IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits the light in order to sense some object of
the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects
the motion. Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of
thermal radiation. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, but infrared
sensor can detect these radiations.

31
REMOTE CONTROLLER
In electronics, a remote control is a component of an electronic
device used to operate the device wirelessly from a distance. For example,
in consumer electronics, a remote control can be used to operate devices such as
a television set, DVD player, or other home appliance, from a short distance. A
remote control is primarily a convenience feature for the user, and can allow
operation of devices that are out of convenient reach for direct operation of
controls. In some cases, remote controls allow a person to operate a device that
they otherwise would not be able to reach, as when a garage door opener is
triggered from outside or when a Digital Light Processing projector that is
mounted on a high ceiling is controlled by a person from the floor level.

FIG.NO 12
CHAPTER-10

32
DIFFERENT VIEWS OF ROAD CLEANING MACHINE

CHAPTER-11
33
11.2 WORKING
The DC supply is given to the machine. The machine is totally
controlled by the remote controller. The wheels forward & backward movements
are controlled by the remote controller. Front portion motor is switch on then the
rotary brush is rotating forward. It clean the dust &dirt on the highway road
surface. The dust and dirt are passed on the dust collector. The dust collector
collected the dust and dirt. The mid portion motor is connected to the gear box
then the output of the gear box is given to the rocker arm mechanism. In this
mechanism states that the rotary motion is convert into the oscillating motion.The
oscillating brush is clean the floor surface by using the highway cleaner machine.
The multi purpose highway cleaner can doing multi duties at a single time.

CHAPTER-12
34
DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING FLOOR CLEANING
MACHINES
 The machines are doing single work at a time.
 Cost is high.
 Electrical current consuming is large when
compared to MPFC machine.
 It takes more space.
 Time consuming when cleaning is more.

CHAPTER-13
35
ADVANTAGES OF highway cleaning MACHINE
 Many cleaning duties can be achieving at a
single time.
 Cost is low.
 Electrical current consuming is small.
 It takes less space.
 No need workrs
 Maintenance cost

36
 CHAPTER-14
APPLICATIONS
It can used for floor surface cleaning purposes, there are,

 House
 Industries
 Hospitals
 Malls
 Colleges
 Schools
 Road
 Public places

CHAPTER-16

37
CONCLUSION
The main motive of the project is to cover the aspects of cleanliness
in the society. It focuses on cleanliness of roads, paths and other floors. The
multiple applications provide a wide range of functions in which we can clean a
pipe, remove metal particles harmful for the road, remove dust and dirt from the
road, provide a pick and place mechanism by which obstacles can be removed. By
application of simple engineering technology we learned in our engineering life we
have assembled such a vehicle which has multiple features being cost effective at
the same time. The low budget project is very useful for the society and being cost
effective and energy efficient can play a vital role in cleanliness of India.

CHAPTER-17
REFERENCES

38
 M. Ranjit Kumar and N. Kapilan, “Design and Analysis of manually
operated floor cleaning machine,” IJERT ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 4 Issue 04,
April-2015.
 Prathmesh Joshi, Akshay Malviya and Priya Soni, “Manual Driven
Platform Cleaner,” IJETAE ISSN 2250- 2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified
Journal,Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2013
 Ritvick Ghosh, H R Vinay Kumar, Dattatraya, Pavan Kumar B. Hiremath,
Prof. Pradeep Kumar K.V. “Design and Fabrication of A Pedal-Operated
Floor Mopping Machine,” IJETAE ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008
Certified Journal, Volume 6, Issue 5, May 2016
 Sandeep J. Meshram and Dr. G.D.Mehta “Design And Development Of
Tricycle Operated Street Cleaning Machine,” ISSN 0975 – 668X| Nov 15
To Oct 16 | Volume-04, Issue-01
 Manreet Kaur and Preeti Abrol, “Design and Development of Floor
Cleaner Robot (Automatic and Manual),” International Journal of
Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 97– No.19, July 2014
 Liu, Kuotsan and Wang, Chulun, “A Technical Analysis of Autonomous
Floor Cleaning Robots Based on US Granted Patents,” European
International Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 2 No. 7 September
2013

39