ASSIGMENT---03

PC COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS

NIHAN SAMITHA
JR/24/CHTA/2/0009
system units
A system unit, in the context of computing, refers
to the main part of a personal computer. It's
typically a rectangular box that contains important
parts like the motherboard, central processing unit
(CPU), random access memory (RAM), and
storage drives.

PC COMPONENTS

MOTHERBOARD MOUSE

CPU SPEAKERS

RAM CARD PRINERS

EXPANSION CARD

OPTTICAL DISK DRIVE

HARD DISK

Key boards POWER SUPPLY

KEYBOARD

MONITOR
A computer keyboard is an input device used to enter
characters and functions into the computer system by pressing
buttons, or keys. It is the primary device used to enter text. A
keyboard typically contains keys for individual letters, numbers
and special characters, as well as keys for specific functions. A
keyboard is connected to a computer system using a cable or a
wireless connection.

*MONITORS
^. A MONITOR IS AN OUTPUT DEVICE THAT DISPLAYS
IMAGESAND TEXTS ON ASCREEN A MONITOR CAN
SHOW DIFFERENT TYPES OF IMFORMATION ,SUCH AS
DOCUMENTS ,GAMES ,WEB PAGES ETC..
*MOUSE ^.
A MOUSE IS A SMALL DEVICE THAT A COMPUTER USER
PUSHES ACROSS A DESK SURFACE IN ORDER TO POINT
TO A PLACE ON A DISPLAY SCREEN AND TO SELECT
ONE OR MOR TO TAKE FROM THAT POSITIONS . THE
MOUSE FIRST BECAME A WINDLY USED COMPUTER TOOL
WHEN APPLE COMPUTERS MADE IT A STANDERD PART
OF THE APPLE MACINTOSH

*System units
 ^.A system unit, in the context of computing, refers to the main
part of a personal computer. It's typically a rectangular box that
contains important parts like the motherboard, central
processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM), and
storage drives. Motherboards A motherboard is the main
printed circuit

motherboards

The motherboard is the backbone that ties the computer's

components together at one spot and allows them to talk to
each other. Without it, none of the computer pieces, such as
the CPU, GPU, or hard drive, could interact. Total motherboard
functionality is necessary for a computer to work well

Motherboards are the backbone of a computer system, housing

essential components such as the CPU, RAM, and expansion cards. When
selecting a motherboard, size plays a critical role as it determines
compatibility with cases, components, and future upgrades. In this article,
we’ll explore the different motherboard form factors available, their features,
and which scenarios they are best suited for.
Motherboards are categorized using a form factor, with Advanced
Technology Extended (ATX) being the most common. ATX was
introduced by Intel and has become the industry standard, defining not only
the size and layout of the motherboard but also specifications for power
supplies, case compatibility, and connectors.

Types of Motherboards
1. Standard ATX
2. Micro ATX 3. eXtended ATX
4.mini itx
5.Nano itx
6.Pico itx

.
Computer Cases and The Different Types of Form Factors
The computer cases are a visible part of our computers called
PC towers and Computer towers. Its function is to serve as a
protective structure for the rest of the internal components such
as motherboard, processor, RAM and disk drives.
Form Factor
Form factor for computers refers to the size, shape, and
physical specifications of hardware or hardware components.
Computer form factor is used to describe any physical aspect of
a computer system. Form factor is very important for
connection compatibility.
Motherboard Form Factor
Motherboard form factor indicates the shape and size
specifications of the board. The form factor also determines
additional parameters such as the casing, power supply,
mounting holes, and overall physical layout.

Motherboard Components
CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
RAM (RANDOM ACSESS MEMORY)
BIOS
I/O
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
PCI
AGP (Accelerated Graphics
FDC (Floppy-Disk Controller)
 IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics)
CMOS
.DIP
.JUMPERS
.HEAT SINKS

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a
computer that acts as its “control center.” The CPU, also
referred to as the “central” or “main” processor, is a complex set
of electronic circuitry that runs the machine's operating system
and apps..

RAM (Random Access Memory)

Random access memory (RAM) is the hardware in a computing
device that provides temporary storage for the operating system (OS),
software programs and any other data in current use so they're quickly
available to the device's processor. RAM is often referred to as a
computer's main memory, as opposed to the processor cache or other
memory types.
Random access memory is considered part of a computer's primary
memory. It is much faster to read from and write to than secondary
storage, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs)
or optical drives. However, RAM is volatile; it retains data only as
long as the computer is on. If power is lost, so is the data. When the
computer is rebooted, the OS and other files must be reloaded into
RAM, usually from an HDD or SSD.

Southbridge/northbridge
The northbridge is a chip that is part of a computer's
motherboard, and it plays a crucial role in connecting the
processor, memory, and high-speed peripherals.
The southbridge, also known as the input/output
controller hub (I/O ICH), acts as a bridge between the
slower input/output (I/O) devices and the rest of the
computer system. It provides interfaces and controllers
for various peripheral devices, including universal serial
bus (USB) ports, serial advanced technology attachment
(SATA) ports, audio interfaces, ethernet ports, and
more. The southbridge handles data transfers at a slower
speed compared to the northbridge, but it is essential for
connecting and managing a wide range of peripherals
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
BIOS, or Basic Input/Output System, is software stored on a
small memory chip, also known as firmware. BIOS is found on
the motherboard, and it is the very first software to run after a
computer starts

PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) slot

Developed by Intel Corporation, the Peripheral Component
Interconnect standard (PCI) is an industry-standard, high-speed bus
found in nearly all desktop computers. PCI slots allow you to install
a wide variety of expansion cards including: Graphics or Video
cards. Sound cards. Network cards.
 Power supply connectors
• ATX 24-pin connector.
• EPS 8-pin connector. Be the first to add your
personal experience.
• PCIe 6+2-pin connector. ...
• SATA power connector. ...
• Molex power connector. ...
• Berg power connector. ...
• Here's what else to consider.

Front panel connectors

The front panel USB connectors on the system panel connector allow
you to connect the USB ports located on the front of your computer case
to the motherboard
Back panel of motherboard

The back panel is the part of a device or equipment

located at the rear side. It contains various ports,
connectors, switches, and buttons that allow you to
connect and interact with other devices or component

Power supply connectors and voltage

Pin number Wire colour description

2 red +5 volts or connector
keys

3 yellow +12 volts

4 blue _12 volts

Fundamentals of
Power Supply Form Factors

Power supply form factors refer to the standardized dimensions and

specifications of power supply units (PSUs) in computers. The most
common form factors include:
1. ATX: The most widely used form factor, measuring approximately 150mm x
140mm. It supports a variety of wattages and includes connectors for modern
motherboards and components.

2. SFX: A smaller form factor (approximately 125mm x 100mm) designed for

compact builds. SFX PSUs are often used in small form factor (SFF) caes

3. TFX: Slimmer than ATX, TFX PSUs are about 85mm wide and are often used in
low-profile cases and slim PCs

4. FlexATX: A compact PSU that measures around 150mm x 81.5mm, commonly

found in small systems and some server applications

5. EPS: Typically used in servers and workstations, EPS PSUs are designed to
support high-performance components and can provide additional power for CPU
sockets

6. MicroATX: Similar to ATX but smaller, this form factor is often found in mid-
tower cases and supports a balance of performance and size.
The Brand New PC Components current Market
Monitors,,
,

Casing,,

Motherboards,,
Processors,,

Storage devices,,

Cooler,,
item Max price Min price Avg price
monitor 150000 20000 50000
casing 50000 15000 35000
motherboard 90000 10000 40000
processor 150000 53000 63000
Storage 170000 15000 30000
device
cooler 180000 17000 45000
other 80000 20000 78000