Lec 1

Introduction to
Fundamentals of Engineering
Careers in Engineering

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What are the Different Fields in
Engineering?
• Electrical and Computer
• Mechanical and Civil
• Aerospace
• Petroleum and Chemical
• Industrial
• Acoustics
• Biomedical
• Materials
• Nuclear
• Agricultural
• Environmental
• Ocean
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What is Engineering?
√
• An engineer is a person who uses scientific
knowledge to solve practical problems
• Engineers create new things and make old
things better
• Spectrum includes the engineer, engineering
technologists, engineering technicians, and
craftsmen.
• At the top of the spectrum is the Engineer who
serves as innovator, designer, decision maker,
and leader of the engineering team

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 Responsibilities of Engineers
√
1. Safety of the public
2. Welfare of the society
3. Environmental concerns
4. Abide by laws, regulations, standards and ethical code
5. Produce products/devices that have the following
characteristics:
o Adequate performance
o Cost-efficient
o Low operating and maintenance cost
o Longevity/durability
Other important Responsibilities: research, development,
design, production, construction, operations, sales, and
management.
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Value of Engineering Profession √
Engineers are responsible of development ofcivilizations.
They provide:
o Infrastructure
o Communication to link people
o Products to make our lives easier and more enjoyable

Engineering is a field that requires dedication and focus.

If you enjoy math and science, this is a great field to pursue.
It is a challenging but also exciting and highly satisfying
career.

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What will you study as an Engineering
student?
• Forces, motion, structures: statics, dynamics, kinematics,
mechanics of solids, and fluids.
• Energy: thermodynamics, heat transfer, chemical reactions
• Materials: materials engineering & processing, manufacturing.
• Design: graphics, computer design applications.
• Electronics: Circuits and electricity
• Economics: engineering economic analysis, cost engineering.
• Human and Social Studies: arts, humanities, social sciences,
history, government, ethics, law.
• Overall foundation: math, physics, chemistry, biology, analysis
skills, communication skills, computation skills.

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Skills associated with engineering:
• Strong interest in math and science
• Strong social awareness and concern for quality of life
• Desire to put ideas into action
• Strong academic background
• Ability and determination to succeed; continuing
education
• Good communication skills
• Teamwork

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Engineering Job Descriptions
√
• Analytical engineer
• Design engineer
• Test engineer
• Manufacturing engineer
• Development engineer
• Research engineer
• Sales engineer
• Engineering manager
• Consulting engineer

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Engineering Majors- √ Engineering Majors: Non-
Traditional Traditional
• Civil Engineering • Bioengineering

• Environmental Engineering • Building Engineering

• Mechanical Engineering • Materials Engineering

• Electrical Engineering • Communication Systems

Engineering
• Computer Engineering
• Manufacturing Engineering
• Chemical Engineering
• Energy & Renewable Energy
• Architectural Engineering Engineering

• Construction Engineering • Petroleum Engineering

• Genetic Engineering
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 Chemical Engineering
Molecular Bio molecular

Materials Process
• Metallurgical • Petroleum Refinery
• Ceramic • Plastics
• Polymer • Paper
• Crystal

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 Civil Engineering
Structural Transport
• Earthquake • Traffic
• Wind • Highway
• Architectural • Railway Systems
• Ocean

Environmental Geotechnical Water Resource

• Ecological • Mining • Hydraulic
• Fire Protection • Foundation • River
• Sanitary • Coastal
• Municipal or Urban • Groundwater

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 Electrical Engineering
Computer Electronic
• Software • Control
• Hardware • Telecommunications
• Network

Power Optical

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 Mechanical Engineering
Acoustical Manufacturing

Thermal

Vehicle
• Automotive
• Naval Architecture
• Aerospace

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 Interdisciplinary
Aerospace Biological Energy Building Services
• Aeronautics • Biomedical • Solar • Mechanical
• Astronautics • Genetic • Wind • HVAC
• Biochemical • Refrigeration
Agricultural • Tissue
• Protein
• Plumbing/public health (water & drainage)
• Bioprocess • Electrical
• Food • Artificial & emergency lighting
• Aquaculture • ICT: Comm., phones, IT networks
• Low Voltage
Nano engineering-Applied
• Lightning Protection
• Automation/controls/mechatronics/robotics
• Security and alarms
• Computer aided drawing and design (CADD)
• Vertical transport ( elevators, etc)
• Construction • Fire
• Electronics • Natural Lighting
• General
• Building Facades
• Graphics
• Energy supply (gas, electric, etc)
• Nanotechnology
Industrial
• Manufacturing Mechatronics
• Component • Robotics Petroleum
• System • Instrumentation • Reservoir
• Construction • Avionics • Drilling
• Textile • Production
• Safety
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• Reliability
 Details
Aerospace Engineering
• Design, analyze,
model, simulate, and
test aircraft,
spacecraft, satellites,
missiles, and rockets
• This field also focuses
on electronics and
computer technology
rather than just
physical dynamics.

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 Aerospace Engineering
• Includes more than just
designing aircraft
• Aerospace deals with the
motion of flight outside and
inside the Earth’s atmosphere
• This includes motion of
satellites, control systems in
unmanned aircraft, and even
machines and tools created
specifically for the exploration
of space like the Mars Rover http://aero.tamu.edu/photos/slides/s_d0d48734cc1b532b29bddb27bb28b8e8350648ad.JPG

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Foundations in Aerospace
• Includes the study of:
• Mathematics
• Physical dynamics
• Heat transfer
• Fluid dynamics
• Electrical circuits
• Design analysis

• Should develop the fundamental skills http://aero.tamu.edu/photos/slides/s_43f64e20

necessary for: 904b04f3975ea83caadc79815e5440b8.JPG

• the design,
• synthesis,
• analysis and research development of
aircraft,
• spacecraft and other high technology
flight systems

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Careers in Aerospace
• Design and test different • Aerospace engineer at Boeing
technologies for space and motor Airline company
vehicles • Engineer for NASA
• Work with communications and • Engineer for military and other
• navigation systems government controlled agencies
• Design and test different types of • Air Traffic controller for any airline
helicopters or other airborne company
technologies for governmental • Ford, Honda, Toyota, or any other
use motor vehicle company
• Pilot Astronaut
• Professor/teacher
• Working for a scientific,
professional, or technological
service firm

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Electrical Engineering:

• Electrical engineering is a field of

study with a broad scope and
significant impact on society
• Is an engineering field that deals
with the study and application of
electricity, electronics and
electromagnetism

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Foundations in Electrical

• Physics
• Mathematical analysis
• Optics
• Circuits
• Electricity flow
• Computer systems

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/HitachiJ100A.jpg/514px-HitachiJ100A.jpg

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Careers in Electrical
• Design, develop, test and supervise the Patent lawyer (law degree required)
deployment of electrical systems and Software designer for animation
electronic devices software (Pixar)
• Usually specialize in circuit design, Artificial intelligence researcher
communications, controls and signal
processing, computer engineering, and Computer game designer
different types of power systems Special effects engineer for movies
Information security (cryptography)
• Study in this field can branch into
computer engineering and/or computer Race car designer (electrical
science components)
Alternative energy systems developer
(wind power, electric cars)
Electronics designer
Digital assistant/cell phone/iPod
developer
Optical laser scientist and developer

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 Chemical Engineering

• Chemical Engineers use

their knowledge of
chemistry to discover and
manufacture better plastics,
paints, fuels, fibers,
medicines and all other
kinds of chemicals, by
carrying out chemical
reactions and purifications.

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Foundations in Chemical
• Study the fundamentals of:
• chemistry (basis of field)
• physics and mathematics
• Thermodynamics
• Material physics
• Microelectronics
• Reaction engineering

• Education in this field will allow you to use elements from all
areas of engineering, science, mathematics

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Careers in Chemical
• Frequently specialize in a • Professor/Teacher
particular chemical process such • Working for a scientific,
as polymerization or oxidation professional, or technological
• Can specialize in a particular field, service firm
such as materials science, or the • Working for governmental
development of specific products agencies:
such as and pesticides, fertilizers,
• Military interaction
chlorine bleach, or automotive
plastics • Working for industries such as:
• Pharmaceutical
• Oil and Natural Gas
• Nuclear energy
• Minerals and metals
• Textiles

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Petroleum Engineering
• Petroleum engineers use their
knowledge of physics to extract
valuable oil and natural gas from
beneath the earth.
• Petroleum engineers design, drill
and operate wells and well systems,
and integrate this into the
management of the underground
reservoirs in which the resources
are found

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Foundations in Petroleum
• Study the fundamentals of:
• Geology
• Physics
• Mathematics
• Fluid dynamics
• Reservoir Development
• Heat transfer

http://www.pe.tamu.edu/homepage/graphics/homepics/pe6.jpg

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Careers in Petroleum
• Best employment opportunities • Reservoir engineer (working in
are in other countries close relation to geologists)
• Design and construct different • Mud engineer (examines and
methods of extracting natural tests oil content)
resources from the earth • Design engineer for companies
such as ConocoPhillips and BP
• Construction engineer for
contracting companies such as
Trinidad, Nabors, and Grey Wolf

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 Civil Engineering
• Civil engineers design and
build many systems that are
central to everyday life
• Civil engineers plan, design,
construct, operate,
maintain, inspect and
manage bridges, buildings,
offshore structures,
airports, seaports,
railroads, highways,
waterways, dams and water
treatment plants, and many
other public facilities.

http://sf.metblogs.com/archives/images/2006/06/160593862_65cb0d993d_b-thumb.jpg

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 Civil Engineering
• They work to prevent or minimize damage due to natural disasters
• Civil engineers also work to reduce air, water and soil pollution, develop
alternative energy sources and improve congested transportation
systems.

Foundations in Civil
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Structural Analysis
• Materials Science
• Fluid dynamics
• Thermodynamics and heat transfer

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Careers in Civil
• Design facilities that vary • Bridge Design
widely in nature, size, and • Water-way and waste
scope and include space treatment design
satellites and launching
facilities, offshore • Traffic control
structures, bridges, • Beach Protection (coastal
buildings, tunnels, civil engineering)
highways, and many more! • Tunnel design
• Opportunities all across the • Mining (ocean and land)
world as a civil engineer
• Wildlife protection

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Mechanical Engineering
• Mechanical engineering is one of
broadest studies in engineering
• The design and creation of
mechanical technologies that
benefit society
• They utilize power to work with
all types of mechanical devices,
and all types of manufacturing
and plant designs

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Foundations in Mechanical
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Thermodynamics and heat
transfer
• Materials science
• Gears and systems
• Fluid mechanics
• Structural Analysis

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Careers in Mechanical
• Work in a diverse range of • Jet engine design (General
industries from automotive to electrics)
aerospace and petroleum • Mechanical gears technician
• Can be applied to other • Race car design
engineering fields as well
• Aircraft Design (NASA, Boeing)
• Develop everyday power-using
machines such as refrigerators • Offshore drilling and natural gas
and air conditioning units extraction (BP, ConocoPhillips)
• Design and test different types of • Automotive transportation
mechanical parts such as gear (General Motors, Ford, Honda)
systems and jet engines

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Ocean Engineering
• Engineers in this field design
and test different technological
systems that withstand the
harsh conditions of the ocean

http://oceaneng.civil.tamu.edu/Images/22_sm.jpg

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Foundations in Ocean
• Mathematics
• Physics
• fluid mechanics
• structural mechanics
• ocean wave mechanics
• geotechnical engineering
• environmental fluid
• mechanics
• marine structures
• naval architecture
• underwater acoustics

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Careers in Ocean
• Involved in: • Research Firms
• exploration and exploitation
of offshore gas and oil fields • Marine navigation and other
by working in conjunction governmental agencies
with petroleum engineers,
• designing fixed and floating • Offshore Drilling companies
offshore structures,
• searching for economical • Analysis and design of deepwater
methods for extracting and coastal structures
energy from the oceans,
• Beach nourishment
• Bridge scour

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 Environmental Engineering
• Utilizes different techniques
that improve the
environment:
• Includes water and air
pollution control, recycling,
waste disposal, and public
health issues
• Environmental engineers
also work in conjunction
with civil engineers to
evaluate impact of
construction on the
environment

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Foundations in Environmental
• Most environmental engineers begin as Mechanical, civil, or
chemical engineers
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Thermodynamics and heat transfer
• Materials science
• Gears and systems
• Fluid mechanics
• Structural Analysis
• Reaction engineering

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Careers in Environmental
• Involved in water and air • Wildlife protection
pollution control, recycling, waste • Water treatment plants
disposal, and public health issues
• Beach restoration
• Study and attempt to minimize
the effects of acid rain, global • Pollution control
warming, automobile emissions, • Government and military
and ozone depletion interaction
• Also involved in the protection of • Containment engineering
wildlife
• Environmental engineers help to
comply with environmental
regulations and to clean up
hazardous sites

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 Agricultural Engineering
• Applies engineering
technology to agricultural
production and processing,
and to the management of
natural resources
• Agricultural engineers
design agricultural
structures, equipment, and
agricultural machinery,
that benefit the production
of natural resources

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Foundations in Agricultural
• Mathematics
• Physics
• Fluid Dynamics
• Biology
• Thermodynamics
• Biological materials

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Careers in Agricultural
• Designing and managing • Food safety research
food production systems • Soil restoration
• Protecting surface and • Crop Production
ground water quality
• Design irrigation systems
• designing natural resource
management systems • Design controlled farm
structures (housed
• Designing animal livestock, greenhouses,
production facilities and silos)
environmental control
systems • Flood and water control

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 Other titles and careers in Engineering:
• SALES ENGINEER
• RESEARCH SCIENTIST/ENGINEER
• ARRANGEMENT ENGINEER (M/F) POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
• PIPING ENGINEER/CALCULATION SPECIALIST (M/F)
• SPECIALIST (M/F) FOR VALVE TECHNOLOGY
• MARKETING ENGINEER
• TRANSPORTATION ENGINEER 3
• SR. QUALITY ENGINEER FOR MATERIALS MANAGEMENT SR. SUPPLIER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
(SQM)
• CIVIL ENGINEER/STRUCTURAL
• REGISTERED CIVIL ENGINEER/STRUCTURAL PROJECT DESIGN ENGINEERING PLANNER-
SCHEDULER
• TEACHER/PROFESSOR
• SECURITY SYSTEMS ENGINEER IV
• VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEMS ENGINEER REGIONAL SALES ENGINEER/SALES EXECUTIVE
• PROCESS ENGINEER MODELING ENGINEER I
• ASSOCIATE INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER MECHANICAL ENGINEER
• STRUCTURAL ENGINEER SOLIDWORKS DESIGNER
• APPLICATIONS ENGINEER
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 Career Paths in General
• Industry
• Teaching/Education
• Graduate School
• Entrepreneur/Business Owner
• Research Labs
• Military
• Government
• Preparation for other Professions (law, medicine, etc.)

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References
• http://www.me.utexas.edu/~me302/classnotes/ME-intro_files/frame.htm
• http://www.kids.net.au/encyclopedia-wiki/me/Mechanical_Engineering
• http://www.discoverengineering.org/cool_things/cd/index.asp
• http://www.discoverengineering.org/Engineers
• http://www.engcen.com/
• http://thinkbig.tamu.edu/
• http://www.wikepedia.com
• http://www.abe.iastate.edu
• http://www.collegegrad.com
• http://careerservices.rutgers.edu/

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 Pioneers
❖ The first civil engineer is: Imhotep (Pyramid of Djoser and the
Obelisks) around 2600 BC.
❖ The first electrical engineer is William Gilbert (magnetism)
1600 AD.
❖ The first mechanical engineer to create a steam engine was
Thomas Newcomen in 1712.
❖ The first aeronautical engineer was George Cayley in 1799.
❖ The first to create a search engine is Alan Emtaje, 1990 AD.

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