Subject Name - Signal Processing

Easy Level Questions (50 Questions)

1. What is the primary purpose of signal processing?

- A) To increase signal strength
- B) To analyze and manipulate signals
- C) To transmit signals
- D) To convert signals into electrical energy
Answer: B

2. Which of the following is a discrete-time signal?

- A) Sinusoidal wave
- B) Pulse train
- C) Exponential function
- D) All of the above
Answer: B

3. In a linear time-invariant (LTI) system, the response to an input is dependent on:

- A) The past input only
- B) The current input only
- C) The past and present input
- D) The current and future input
Answer: C

4. Which transform is used to analyze signals in the frequency domain?

- A) Laplace Transform
- B) Fourier Transform
- C) Z-Transform
- D) Both A and B
Answer: D

5. What does the Nyquist theorem state about sampling a signal?

- A) The sampling frequency must be twice the maximum frequency of the signal.
- B) The sampling frequency must be equal to the maximum frequency of the signal.
- C) The sampling frequency must be less than the maximum frequency of the signal.
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

6. The z-transform of a discrete-time signal is used primarily for:

- A) Time analysis
- B) Frequency analysis
- C) Both time and frequency analysis
- D) None of the above
 Answer: C

7. Which of the following is an example of a periodic signal?

- A) Step signal
- B) Impulse signal
- C) Sinusoidal signal
- D) Exponential signal
Answer: C

8. In signal processing, what does the term 'filter' refer to?

- A) A device that blocks all signals
- B) A system that enhances or suppresses certain frequencies
- C) A method of data compression
- D) A tool for signal visualization
Answer: B

9. Which of the following is a property of the Fourier series?

- A) Linearity
- B) Time-shifting
- C) Frequency-shifting
- D) All of the above
Answer: D

10. What type of filter is used to allow signals below a certain frequency to pass and attenuate
higher frequencies?
- A) High-pass filter
- B) Low-pass filter
- C) Band-pass filter
- D) Notch filter
Answer: B

11. The main disadvantage of using the Fourier transform for non-stationary signals is:
- A) It cannot represent phase information.
- B) It does not provide time localization.
- C) It requires infinite time duration.
- D) It is computationally expensive.
Answer: B

12. What is the impulse response of a system?

- A) The output of the system when the input is a unit step function
- B) The output of the system when the input is an impulse signal
- C) The response of the system over time
- D) None of the above
Answer: B
13. Which of the following best describes a causal system?
- A) A system that depends on future inputs
- B) A system that responds instantly to any input
- C) A system that depends only on past and present inputs
- D) A system that operates in a non-linear fashion
Answer: C

14. In digital signal processing, what does ADC stand for?

- A) Analog-Digital Converter
- B) Digital-Analog Converter
- C) Analog-Data Converter
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

15. What is a primary function of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)?

- A) To compute the convolution of two signals
- B) To convert a signal from the time domain to the frequency domain
- C) To filter a signal
- D) To generate random signals
Answer: B

16. What is the difference between a finite impulse response (FIR) filter and an infinite impulse
response (IIR) filter?
- A) FIR filters have feedback, while IIR filters do not.
- B) IIR filters can have feedback, while FIR filters do not.
- C) Both FIR and IIR filters are the same.
- D) FIR filters are less computationally intensive than IIR filters.
Answer: B

17. Which of the following is a characteristic of a linear system?

- A) Superposition principle
- B) Memory
- C) Time variance
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

18. In which domain does the Laplace Transform primarily operate?

- A) Time domain
- B) Frequency domain
- C) Z-domain
- D) None of the above
Answer: B
19. A signal is said to be energy signal if:
- A) Its energy is finite and power is infinite.
- B) Its energy is infinite and power is finite.
- C) Both energy and power are finite.
- D) Both energy and power are infinite.
Answer: A

20. What is the primary use of windowing in signal processing?

- A) To eliminate noise
- B) To improve frequency resolution
- C) To reduce spectral leakage
- D) To compress data
Answer: C

21. What is a characteristic of the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform)?

- A) It can only analyze continuous signals.
- B) It assumes periodicity in the input signal.
- C) It requires real-time processing.
- D) It is computationally efficient for long signals.
Answer: B

22. What is the function of a mixer in signal processing?

- A) To filter signals
- B) To change the frequency of a signal
- C) To amplify signals
- D) To modulate signals
Answer: B

23. Which method is used to obtain the frequency response of a system?

- A) Impulse response
- B) Step response
- C) Fourier Transform of the impulse response
- D) None of the above
Answer: C

24. Which type of modulation varies the amplitude of the carrier signal?
- A) Frequency Modulation
- B) Amplitude Modulation
- C) Phase Modulation
- D) Pulse Modulation
Answer: B

25. What is meant by 'aliasing' in digital signal processing?

- A) Distortion due to low sampling frequency
 - B) Enhancement of high-frequency components
- C) Distortion due to high sampling frequency
- D) Loss of signal strength
Answer: A

26. In the context of filters, what does "roll-off" refer to?

- A) The speed of response
- B) The rate at which the filter attenuates frequencies beyond the cutoff
- C) The amount of phase shift
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

27. The transfer function of a system is defined as:

- A) The ratio of output to input in the time domain
- B) The ratio of output to input in the frequency domain
- C) The inverse of the Laplace transform
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

28. What is the role of a low-pass filter in a communication system?

- A) To allow high frequencies to pass through
- B) To attenuate low frequencies
- C) To allow low frequencies to pass through
- D) None of the above
Answer: C

29. What does the term 'signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)' represent?

- A) The ratio of the signal power to the noise power
- B) The total power of the signal and noise combined
- C) The average power of the signal
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

30. Which of the following techniques is commonly used for speech processing?
- A) Image filtering
- B) Time-domain analysis
- C) Linear predictive coding
- D) None of the above
Answer: C

31. The term 'bandwidth' in signal processing typically refers to:

- A) The range of frequencies in a signal
- B) The amplitude of a signal
- C) The duration of a signal
 - D) None of the above
Answer: A

32

. Which of the following is a property of the autocorrelation function?

- A) It is always periodic.
- B) It is always non-negative.
- C) It is symmetric.
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D

33. What is the main purpose of using filters in signal processing?

- A) To modify the signal amplitude
- B) To remove unwanted frequencies
- C) To convert signal types
- D) To amplify signals
Answer: B

34. In a discrete signal, what does the term 'sampling rate' refer to?
- A) The number of bits used to represent each sample
- B) The frequency at which samples are taken
- C) The total number of samples in a signal
- D) The amplitude of the samples
Answer: B

35. Which of the following transforms can be used to analyze both continuous and discrete
signals?
- A) Fourier Transform
- B) Laplace Transform
- C) Z-Transform
- D) Both A and B
Answer: D

36. What is the effect of increasing the sampling rate on a signal?

- A) It increases the bandwidth
- B) It decreases the resolution
- C) It reduces aliasing
- D) Both A and C
Answer: D

37. Which of the following is true about an all-pass filter?

- A) It passes all frequencies equally
- B) It introduces a phase shift without changing amplitude
 - C) It only affects high frequencies
- D) Both A and B
Answer: B

38. The DFT of a real-valued signal is:

- A) Real-valued
- B) Complex-valued
- C) Always positive
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

39. What does the term 'spectral leakage' refer to?

- A) The spreading of signal energy across the spectrum
- B) Loss of signal power
- C) Gain of noise in a signal
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

40. Which technique is primarily used for compression of audio signals?

- A) PCM
- B) DPCM
- C) PWM
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

41. The term 'phase shift' refers to:

- A) The change in frequency of a signal
- B) The delay of a signal in time
- C) The difference in phase between two signals
- D) None of the above
Answer: C

42. Which type of modulation varies the frequency of the carrier signal?
- A) Amplitude Modulation
- B) Frequency Modulation
- C) Phase Modulation
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

43. What is the primary function of a demodulator in a communication system?

- A) To amplify signals
- B) To extract the original information from a modulated carrier
- C) To filter unwanted frequencies
- D) None of the above
 Answer: B

44. Which of the following components is used in an FIR filter?

- A) Feedback
- B) Past output values
- C) Current input values
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D

45. The concept of 'convolution' is used to determine:

- A) The output of a system given its input and impulse response
- B) The phase shift of a signal
- C) The frequency response of a system
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

46. Which of the following statements about the Fourier Transform is true?
- A) It can be applied to periodic signals only.
- B) It provides a representation of a signal in the frequency domain.
- C) It can only be used for real-valued signals.
- D) It requires finite energy for all types of signals.
Answer: B

47. What does the term 'digital signal processing (DSP)' refer to?
- A) Processing of analog signals
- B) Processing of signals using digital methods
- C) Processing of only audio signals
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

48. What is the role of a codec in signal processing?

- A) To encode and decode signals
- B) To amplify signals
- C) To filter signals
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

49. Which of the following is used to measure the average power of a signal?
- A) RMS value
- B) Peak value
- C) Average value
- D) None of the above
Answer: A
50. The main purpose of a phase-locked loop (PLL) is to:
- A) Generate a high-frequency signal
- B) Synchronize an output signal with a reference signal
- C) Demodulate signals
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D

Moderate Level Questions (20 Questions)

51. Which of the following is true for a stable system?

- A) It always produces a bounded output for a bounded input.
- B) It can have an unbounded output for a bounded input.
- C) It is always linear.
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

52. What is the main difference between linear and nonlinear systems?
- A) Nonlinear systems do not follow the superposition principle.
- B) Nonlinear systems can be time-variant.
- C) Linear systems have memory, while nonlinear systems do not.
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

53. The Hilbert Transform is primarily used for:

- A) Time-shifting signals
- B) Phase shifting signals
- C) Converting signals to complex form
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D

54. In a system described by a difference equation, the output depends on:

- A) Past outputs only
- B) Current and past inputs
- C) Current input only
- D) Both A and B
Answer: B

55. What is a characteristic of a band-pass filter?

- A) It allows all frequencies to pass through.
- B) It attenuates all frequencies.
- C) It allows frequencies within a certain range to pass through.
- D) None of the above
Answer: C
56. In the context of DSP, what is quantization?
- A) The process of converting analog signals to digital signals
- B) The process of approximating continuous values to discrete values
- C) The process of filtering out noise
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

57. What is the main purpose of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)?
- A) To analyze frequency components
- B) To compress data, particularly in image and video processing
- C) To convert signals from analog to digital
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

58. Which of the following techniques is used for linear prediction in signals?
- A) Moving Average
- B) Least Mean Squares
- C) Kalman Filter
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D

59. What is the effect of applying a Hamming window to a signal before FFT?
- A) It increases spectral leakage.
- B) It reduces spectral leakage.
- C) It amplifies high-frequency components.
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

60. Which of the following methods can be used to determine the stability of a system?
- A) Routh-Hurwitz Criterion
- B) Bode Plot Analysis
- C) Nyquist Criterion
- D) All of the above
Answer: D

61. Which of the following statements is true regarding the characteristics of FIR filters?
- A) They can have a linear phase response.
- B) They cannot be designed to be stable.
- C) They require feedback for implementation.
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

62. In the context of DSP, what does the term 'over-sampling' refer to?
- A) Sampling a signal at rates lower than Nyquist
 - B) Sampling a signal at rates greater than twice the maximum frequency
- C) Sampling a signal only once
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

63. What does the term 'filter design' primarily refer to?
- A) The selection of components for a filter circuit
- B) The process of specifying the frequency response of a filter
- C) The tuning of an analog filter
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

64. Which technique is used for estimating the frequency

content of non-stationary signals?

- A) Fourier Transform
- B) Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT)
- C) Z-Transform
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

65. What is the primary advantage of using digital filters over analog filters?
- A) Digital filters are less expensive.
- B) Digital filters can implement complex algorithms easily.
- C) Digital filters are smaller in size.
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

66. Which of the following can be described as a 'passive filter'?

- A) A filter that requires external power
- B) A filter that can amplify signals
- C) A filter that only uses passive components
- D) None of the above
Answer: C

67. In signal processing, what does 'phase distortion' refer to?

- A) Alteration of the amplitude of a signal
- B) Change in the time alignment of signal components
- C) Loss of energy in a signal
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

68. What does 'dither' refer to in digital signal processing?

- A) A type of noise added to reduce quantization error
 - B) The removal of noise from a signal
- C) The process of amplifying signals
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

69. Which of the following is a common method for performing noise reduction in audio signals?
- A) Using a band-stop filter
- B) Applying a high-pass filter
- C) Employing digital signal processing algorithms
- D) Both A and C
Answer: D

70. In the context of image processing, what is 'convolution' used for?

- A) To change image colors
- B) To apply filters and detect edges
- C) To enhance image resolution
- D) None of the above
Answer: B

Difficult Level Questions (5 Questions)

71. The bilinear transformation is primarily used for:

- A) Designing IIR filters from analog prototypes
- B) Transforming continuous signals to discrete signals
- C) Converting frequency domain data to time domain
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

72. Which of the following approaches can be used for adaptive filtering?
- A) Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm
- B) Recursive Least Squares (RLS) algorithm
- C) Both A and B
- D) None of the above
Answer: C

73. In the context of spectral estimation, what is the purpose of using a parametric model?
- A) To reduce computation time
- B) To simplify the signal representation
- C) To obtain more accurate spectral estimates
- D) None of the above
Answer: C

74. The Wiener filter is designed to:

- A) Minimize the mean square error between the estimated signal and the desired signal
 - B) Maximize the signal-to-noise ratio
- C) Remove all noise from a signal completely
- D) None of the above
Answer: A

75. The concept of 'time-frequency analysis' involves:

- A) Analyzing a signal using both time and frequency domains simultaneously
- B) Separating the time and frequency components of a signal
- C) Converting signals only into the time domain
- D) None of the above
Answer: A