NUMBER BASE

CONVERSION

PROF. SYED AKASH BUKHARI NAQEEBI

 NUMBER BASE CONVERSION
There are different types of number systems such as binary, decimal, octal,
and hexadecimal. We will learn how we can change a number from one number
system to another number system.
As, we have four types of number systems so each one can be converted
into the remaining three systems. There are the following conversions possible in
Number System

1. BINARY to other Number Systems.

2. DECIMAL to other Number Systems.
3. OCTAL to other Number Systems.
4. HEXADECIMAL to other Number Systems.
 BINARY TO
OTHER NUMBER
SYSTEM

PROF. SYED AKASH BUKHARI NAQEEBI

 BINARY TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
There are three conversions possible for binary number, i.e., binary to
decimal, binary to octal, and binary to hexadecimal. The conversion process of a
binary number to decimal differs from the remaining others. Let's take a detailed
discussion on Binary Number System conversion.
BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION:
The process of converting binary to decimal is quite simple. The process
starts from multiplying the bits of binary number with its corresponding
positional weights. And lastly, we add all those products.
Let's take an example to understand how the conversion is done from binary
to decimal.
 BINARY TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (10110.001)2
We multiplied each bit of (10110.001)2 with its respective positional weight, and
last we add the products of all the bits with its weight.
(10110.001)2=(1×24)+(0×23)+(1×22)+(1×21)+(0×20)+(0×2-1)+(0×2-2)+(1×2-3)
(10110.001)2=(1×16)+(0×8)+(1×4)+(1×2)+(0×1)+(0×1⁄2)+(0×1⁄4)+(1×1⁄8)
(10110.001)2=16+0+4+2+0+0+0+0.125
(10110.001)2=(22.125 )10
 BINARY TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
BINARY TO OCTAL CONVERSION:
The base numbers of binary and octal are 2 and 8, respectively. In a binary
number, the pair of three bits is equal to one octal digit. There are only two steps
to convert a binary number into an octal number which are as follows:
1. In the first step, we have to make the pairs of three bits on both sides of the
binary point. If there will be one or two bits left in a pair of three bits pair,
we add the required number of zeros on extreme sides.
2. In the second step, we write the octal digits corresponding to each pair.
 BINARY TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
BINARY TO OCTAL CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (111110101011.0011)2
1. Firstly, we make pairs of three bits on both sides of the binary point.
111 110 101 011.001 1
On the right side of the binary point, the last pair has only one bit. To make it a
complete pair of three bits, we added two zeros on the extreme side.
111 110 101 011.001 100
2. Then, we wrote the octal digits, which correspond to each pair.
(111110101011.0011)2=(7653.14)8
 BINARY TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION:
The base numbers of binary and hexadecimal are 2 and 16, respectively. In
a binary number, the pair of four bits is equal to one hexadecimal digit. There are
also only two steps to convert a binary number into a hexadecimal number
which are as follows:
1. In the first step, we have to make the pairs of four bits on both sides of the
binary point. If there will be one, two, or three bits left in a pair of four bits
pair, we add the required number of zeros on extreme sides.
2. In the second step, we write the hexadecimal digits corresponding to each
pair.
 BINARY TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (10110101011.0011)2
1. Firstly, we make pairs of four bits on both sides of the binary point.
111 1010 1011.0011
On the left side of the binary point, the first pair has three bits. To make it a
complete pair of four bits, add one zero on the extreme side.
0111 1010 1011.0011
2. Then, we write the hexadecimal digits, which correspond to each pair.
(011110101011.0011)2=(7AB.3)16
 DECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER
SYSTEM

PROF. SYED AKASH BUKHARI NAQEEBI

 DECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
The decimal number can be an integer or floating-point integer. When the decimal
number is a floating-point integer, then we convert both part (integer and fractional)
of the decimal number in the isolated form(individually). There are the following
steps that are used to convert the decimal number into a similar number of any base
'r'.

1. In the first step, we perform the division operation on integer and successive
part with base 'r'. We will list down all the remainders till the quotient is zero. Then
we find out the remainders in reverse order for getting the integer part of the
equivalent number of base 'r'. In this, the least and most significant digits are
denoted by the first and the last remainders.
 DECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
2. In the next step, the multiplication operation is done with base 'r' of the
fractional and successive fraction. The carries are noted until the result is zero or
when the required number of the equivalent digit is obtained. For getting the
fractional part of the equivalent number of base 'r', the normal sequence of carrying
is considered.
DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION:
For converting decimal to binary, there are two steps required to perform, which are
as follows:

1. In the first step, we perform the division operation on the integer and the
successive quotient with the base of binary(2).
2. Next, we perform the multiplication on the integer and the successive quotient
with the base of binary(2)
DECIMAL TO OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION:EXAMPLE: (152.25)10
Step 1: Divide the number 152 and its successive quotients with base 2.
OPERATION QUOTIENT REMAINDER

152/2 76 0 (LSB)

76/2 38 0

38/2 19 0

19/2 9 1

9/2 4 1

4/2 2 0
(152)10=(10011000)2
2/2 1 0

1/2 0 1(MSB)
DECIMAL TO OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (152.25)10
Now, perform the multiplication of 0.25 and successive fraction with base 2.

OPERATION RESULT CARRY

0.25×2 0.50 0
0.50×2 0 1

(0.25)10=(0.01)2
So, the binary number of the decimal number 152.25 is 10011000.01
 DECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
DECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION:
For converting decimal to octal, there are two steps required to perform, which are as
follows:

1. In the first step, we perform the division operation on the integer and the
successive quotient with the base of octal(8).
2. Next, we perform the multiplication on the integer and the successive quotient
with the base of octal(8).
DECIMAL TO OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
DECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (152.25)10
Step 1: Divide the number 152 and its successive quotients with base 8.

OPERATION QUOTIENT REMAINDER

152/8 19 0
19/8 2 3
2/8 0 2

(152)10=(230)8
DECIMAL TO OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
DECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (152.25)10
Now, perform the multiplication of 0.25 and successive fraction with base 8.

OPERATION RESULT CARRY

0.25×8 0 2

(0.25)10=(2)8

So, the octal number of the decimal number 152.25 is 230.2

 DECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION:
For converting decimal to hexadecimal, there are two steps required to perform,
which are as follows:

1. In the first step, we perform the division operation on the integer and the
successive quotient with the base of hexadecimal (16).
2. Next, we perform the multiplication on the integer and the successive quotient
with the base of hexadecimal (16).
DECIMAL TO OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (152.25)10
Step 1: Divide the number 152 and its successive quotients with base 16.

OPERATION QUOTIENT REMAINDER

152/16 9 8
9/16 0 9

(152)10=(98)16
DECIMAL TO OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (152.25)10
Now, perform the multiplication of 0.25 and successive fraction with base 16.

OPERATION RESULT CARRY

0.25×16 0 4

(0.25)10=(4)16

So, the Hexadecimal number of the decimal number 152.25 is 98.4

 OCTAL TO
OTHER NUMBER
SYSTEM

PROF. SYED AKASH BUKHARI NAQEEBI

 OCTAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
Like binary and decimal, the octal number can also be converted into other
number systems. The process of converting octal to decimal differs from the
remaining one. Let's start understanding how conversion is done.
OCTAL TO BINARY CONVERSION:

The process of converting octal to binary is the reverse process of binary to

octal. We write the three bits binary code of each octal number digit.
EXAMPLE: (152.25)8
We write the three-bit binary digit for 1, 5, 2, 2, and 5.
(152.25)8=(001101010.010101)2
So, the binary number of the octal number 152.25 is (001101010.010101)2
 OCTAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM

OCTAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION:

The process of converting octal to decimal is the same as binary to decimal. The
process starts from multiplying the digits of octal numbers with its corresponding
positional weights. And lastly, we add all those products.
Let's take an example to understand how the conversion is done from octal to decimal.
 OCTAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
OCTAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (152.25)8
We multiply each digit of 152.25 with its respective positional weight, and last we
add the products of all the bits with its weight.
(152.25)8=(1×82)+(5×81)+(2×80)+(2×8-1)+(5×8-2)
(152.25)8=64+40+2+(2×1⁄8)+(5×1⁄64)
(152.25)8=64+40+2+0.25+0.078125
(152.25)8=(106.328125)10
So, the decimal number of the octal number 152.25 is 106.328125
 OCTAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION:
For converting octal to hexadecimal, there are two steps required to perform,
which are as follows:

1. In the first step, we will find the binary equivalent of number 25.
2. Next, we have to make the pairs of four bits on both sides of the binary point. If
there will be one, two, or three bits left in a pair of four bits pair, we add the
required number of zeros on extreme sides and write the hexadecimal digits
corresponding to each pair.
 OCTAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM

OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION:

EXAMPLE: (152.25)8
Step 1: We write the three-bit binary digit for 1, 5, 2, and 5.

(152.25)8=(001101010.010101)2

So, the binary number of the octal number 152.25 is (001101010.010101)2

 OCTAL TO OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION:
EXAMPLE: (152.25)8
Step 2:
1. Now, we make pairs of four bits on both sides of the binary point.
0 0110 1010.0101 01
On the left side of the binary point, the first pair has only one digit, and on the right
side, the last pair has only two-digit. To make them complete pairs of four bits, add zeros on
extreme sides.
0000 0110 1010.0101 0100
2. Now, we write the hexadecimal digits, which correspond to each pair.
(0000 0110 1010.0101 0100)2=(6A.54)16
 HEXADECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER
SYSTEM

PROF. SYED AKASH BUKHARI NAQEEBI

 HEXADECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
Like binary, decimal, and octal, hexadecimal numbers can also be converted into other
number systems. The process of converting hexadecimal to decimal differs from the
remaining one. Let's start understanding how conversion is done.
HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY CONVERSION:
The process of converting hexadecimal to binary is the reverse process of binary to
hexadecimal. We write the four bits binary code of each hexadecimal number digit.
Example 1: (152A.25)16
We write the four-bit binary digit for 1, 5, 2, A, 2, and 5.
(152A.25)16=(0001 0101 0010 1010.0010 0101)2
So, the binary number of the hexadecimal number 152.25 is (1010100101010.00100101)2
 HEXADECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION:
The process of converting hexadecimal to decimal is the same as binary to decimal.
The process starts from multiplying the digits of hexadecimal numbers with its
corresponding positional weights. And lastly, we add all those products.

Let's take an example to understand how the conversion is done from hexadecimal to
decimal.
 HEXADECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION:
Example 1: (152A.25)16
We multiply each digit of 152A.25 with its respective positional weight, and last we add the
products of all the bits with its weight.
(152A.25)16=(1×163)+(5×162)+(2×161)+(A×160)+(2×16-1)+(5×16-2)
(152A.25)16=(1×4096)+(5×256)+(2×16)+(10×1)+(2×16-1)+(5×16-2)
(152A.25)16=4096+1280+32+10+(2×1⁄16)+(5×1⁄256)
(152A.25)16=5418+0.125+0.125
(152A.25)16=(5418.14453125)16
So, the decimal number of the hexadecimal number 152A.25 is 5418.14453125
 HEXADECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION:
For converting hexadecimal to octal, there are two steps required to perform, which
are as follows:

1. In the first step, we will find the binary equivalent of the hexadecimal number.
2. Next, we have to make the pairs of three bits on both sides of the binary point. If there
will be one or two bits left in a pair of three bits pair, we add the required number of
zeros on extreme sides and write the octal digits corresponding to each pair.
 HEXADECIMAL TO
OTHER NUMBER SYSTEM
HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION:
Example 1: (152A.25)16
Step 1:
We write the four-bit binary digit for 1, 5, 2, A, 2, and 5.
(152A.25)16=(0001 0101 0010 1010.0010 0101)2
So, the binary number of hexadecimal number 152A.25 is (0011010101010.010101)2
Step 2:
Then, we make pairs of three bits on both sides of the binary point.
001 010 100 101 010.001 001 010
Then, we write the octal digit, which corresponds to each pair.
(001010100101010.001001010)2=(12452.112)8
So, the octal number of the hexadecimal number 152A.25 is 12452.112
 THANK YOU

PROF. SYED AKASH BUKHARI NAQEEBI