Number system Conversion

As, we have four types of number systems so each one can be

converted into the remaining three systems. There are the following
conversions possible in Number System
1. Binary to other Number Systems.
2. Decimal to other Number Systems.
3. Octal to other Number Systems.
4. Hexadecimal to other Number Systems.

1)Binary to other Number Systems

There are three conversions possible for binary number, i.e., binary to
decimal, binary to octal, and binary to hexadecimal. The conversion
process of a binary number to decimal differs from the remaining
others. Let's take a detailed discussion on Binary Number System
conversion.
1)Binary to Decimal Conversion
The process of converting binary to decimal is quite simple. The
process starts from multiplying the bits of binary number with its
corresponding positional weights. And lastly, we add all those
products.
Let's take an example to understand how the conversion is done from
binary to decimal.
Example 1: (10110.001)2
We multiplied each bit of (10110.001)2 with its respective positional
weight, and last we add the products of all the bits with its weight.
(10110.001)2=(1×24)+(0×23)+(1×22)+(1×21)+(0×20)+
(0×2-1)+(0×2-2)+(1×2-3)
(10110.001)2=(1×16)+(0×8)+(1×4)+(1×2)+(0×1)+
(0×1⁄2)+(0×1⁄4)+(1×1⁄8)
(10110.001)2=16+0+4+2+0+0+0+0.125
(10110.001)2=(22.125 )10
2)Binary to Octal Conversion
The base numbers of binary and octal are 2 and 8, respectively. In a
binary number, the pair of three bits is equal to one octal digit. There
are only two steps to convert a binary number into an octal number
which are as follows:
1. In the first step, we have to make the pairs of three bits on both
sides of the binary point. If there will be one or two bits left in a
pair of three bits pair, we add the required number of zeros on
extreme sides.
2. In the second step, we write the octal digits corresponding to
each pair.
Example 1: (111110101011.0011)2
1. Firstly, we make pairs of three bits on both sides of the binary
point.
111 110 101 011.001 1
On the right side of the binary point, the last pair has only one bit. To
make it a complete pair of three bits, we added two zeros on the
extreme side.
111 110 101 011.001 100
2. Then, we wrote the octal digits, which correspond to each pair.
(111110101011.0011)2=(7653.14)8
3)Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion
The base numbers of binary and hexadecimal are 2 and 16,
respectively. In a binary number, the pair of four bits is equal to one
hexadecimal digit. There are also only two steps to convert a binary
number into a hexadecimal number which are as follows:
1. In the first step, we have to make the pairs of four bits on both
sides of the binary point. If there will be one, two, or three bits
left in a pair of four bits pair, we add the required number of
zeros on extreme sides.
2. In the second step, we write the hexadecimal digits
corresponding to each pair.
Example 1: (10110101011.0011)2
1. Firstly, we make pairs of four bits on both sides of the binary point.
111 1010 1011.0011
On the left side of the binary point, the first pair has three bits. To
make it a complete pair of four bits, add one zero on the extreme side.
0111 1010 1011.0011
2. Then, we write the hexadecimal digits, which correspond to each
pair.
(011110101011.0011)2=(7AB.3)16
2)Decimal to other Number System
The decimal number can be an integer or floating-point integer. When
the decimal number is a floating-point integer, then we convert both
part (integer and fractional) of the decimal number in the isolated
form(individually). There are the following steps that are used to
convert the decimal number into a similar number of any base 'r'.
1. In the first step, we perform the division operation on integer
and successive part with base 'r'. We will list down all the
remainders till the quotient is zero. Then we find out the
remainders in reverse order for getting the integer part of the
equivalent number of base 'r'. In this, the least and most
significant digits are denoted by the first and the last remainders.
2. In the next step, the multiplication operation is done with
base 'r' of the fractional and successive fraction. The carries are
noted until the result is zero or when the required number of the
equivalent digit is obtained. For getting the fractional part of the
equivalent number of base 'r', the normal sequence of carrying
is considered.
1)Decimal to Binary Conversion
For converting decimal to binary, there are two steps required to
perform, which are as follows:
1. In the first step, we perform the division operation on the integer
and the successive quotient with the base of binary(2).
2. Next, we perform the multiplication on the integer and the
successive quotient with the base of binary(2).
Example 1: (152.25)10
Step 1:
Divide the number 152 and its successive quotients with base 2.

Operation Quotient Remainder

152/2 76 0 (LSB)

76/2 38 0

38/2 19 0

19/2 9 1

9/2 4 1

4/2 2 0

2/2 1 0

1/2 0 1(MSB)

(152)10=(10011000)2
Step 2:
Now, perform the multiplication of 0.27 and successive fraction with
base 2.

Operation Result carry

0.25×2 0.50 0

0.50×2 0 1

(0.25)10=(.01)2
2)Decimal to Octal Conversion
For converting decimal to octal, there are two steps required to
perform, which are as follows:
1. In the first step, we perform the division operation on the integer
and the successive quotient with the base of octal(8).
2. Next, we perform the multiplication on the integer and the
successive quotient with the base of octal(8).
Example 1: (152.25)10
Step 1:
Divide the number 152 and its successive quotients with base 8.

Operation Quotient Remainder

152/8 19 0

19/8 2 3

2/8 0 2

(152)10=(230)8
Step 2:
Now perform the multiplication of 0.25 and successive fraction with
base 8.
Operation Result carry

0.25×8 0 2

(0.25)10=(2)8
So, the octal number of the decimal number 152.25 is 230.2
3)Decimal to hexadecimal conversion
For converting decimal to hexadecimal, there are two steps required
to perform, which are as follows:
1. In the first step, we perform the division operation on the integer
and the successive quotient with the base of hexadecimal (16).
2. Next, we perform the multiplication on the integer and the
successive quotient with the base of hexadecimal (16).
Example 1: (152.25)10
Step 1:
Divide the number 152 and its successive quotients with base 8.

Operation Quotient Remainder

152/16 9 8

9/16 0 9

(152)10=(98)16
Step 2:
Now perform the multiplication of 0.25 and successive fraction with
base 16.
Operation Result carry

0.25×16 0 4

(0.25)10=(4)16
So, the hexadecimal number of the decimal number 152.25 is 230.4.
3)Octal to other Number System
Like binary and decimal, the octal number can also be converted into
other number systems. The process of converting octal to decimal
differs from the remaining one. Let's start understanding how
conversion is done.
1)Octal to Decimal Conversion
The process of converting octal to decimal is the same as binary to
decimal. The process starts from multiplying the digits of octal
numbers with its corresponding positional weights. And lastly, we add
all those products.
Let's take an example to understand how the conversion is done from
octal to decimal.
Example 1: (152.25)8
Step 1:
We multiply each digit of 152.25 with its respective positional
weight, and last we add the products of all the bits with its weight.
(152.25)8=(1×82)+(5×81)+(2×80)+(2×8-1)+(5×8-2)
(152.25)8=64+40+2+(2×1⁄8)+(5×1⁄64)
(152.25)8=64+40+2+0.25+0.078125
(152.25)8=106.328125
So, the decimal number of the octal number 152.25 is 106.328125
2)Octal to Binary Conversion
The process of converting octal to binary is the reverse process of
binary to octal. We write the three bits binary code of each octal
number digit.
Example 1: (152.25)8
We write the three-bit binary digit for 1, 5, 2, and 5.
(152.25)8=(001101010.010101)2
So, the binary number of the octal number 152.25
is (001101010.010101)2
3)Octal to hexadecimal conversion
For converting octal to hexadecimal, there are two steps required to
perform, which are as follows:
1. In the first step, we will find the binary equivalent of number 25.
2. Next, we have to make the pairs of four bits on both sides of the
binary point. If there will be one, two, or three bits left in a pair
of four bits pair, we add the required number of zeros on
extreme sides and write the hexadecimal digits corresponding to
each pair.
Example 1: (152.25)8
Step 1:
We write the three-bit binary digit for 1, 5, 2, and 5.
(152.25)8=(001101010.010101)2
So, the binary number of the octal number 152.25
is (001101010.010101)2
Step 2:
1. Now, we make pairs of four bits on both sides of the binary point.
0 0110 1010.0101 01
On the left side of the binary point, the first pair has only one digit,
and on the right side, the last pair has only two-digit. To make them
complete pairs of four bits, add zeros on extreme sides.
0000 0110 1010.0101 0100
2. Now, we write the hexadecimal digits, which correspond to each
pair.
(0000 0110 1010.0101 0100)2=(6A.54)16
4)Hexa-decimal to other Number System
Like binary, decimal, and octal, hexadecimal numbers can also be
converted into other number systems. The process of converting
hexadecimal to decimal differs from the remaining one. Let's start
understanding how conversion is done.
1)Hexa-decimal to Decimal Conversion
The process of converting hexadecimal to decimal is the same as
binary to decimal. The process starts from multiplying the digits of
hexadecimal numbers with its corresponding positional weights. And
lastly, we add all those products.
Let's take an example to understand how the conversion is done from
hexadecimal to decimal.
Example 1: (152A.25)16
Step 1:
We multiply each digit of 152A.25 with its respective positional
weight, and last we add the products of all the bits with its weight.
(152A.25)16=(1×163)+(5×162)+(2×161)+(A×160)+(2×16-1)+(5×16-2)
(152A.25)16=(1×4096)+(5×256)+(2×16)+(10×1)+(2×16-1)+(5×16-2)
(152A.25)16=4096+1280+32+10+(2×1⁄16)+(5×1⁄256)
(152A.25)16=5418+0.125+0.125
(152A.25)16=5418.14453125
So, the decimal number of the hexadecimal number 152A.25
is 5418.14453125
2)Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion
The process of converting hexadecimal to binary is the reverse
process of binary to hexadecimal. We write the four bits binary code
of each hexadecimal number digit.
Example 1: (152A.25)16
We write the four-bit binary digit for 1, 5, A, 2, and 5.
(152A.25)16=(0001 0101 0010 1010.0010 0101)2
So, the binary number of the hexadecimal number 152.25
is (1010100101010.00100101)2
3)Hexadecimal to Octal Conversion
For converting hexadecimal to octal, there are two steps required to
perform, which are as follows:
1. In the first step, we will find the binary equivalent of the
hexadecimal number.
2. Next, we have to make the pairs of three bits on both sides of
the binary point. If there will be one or two bits left in a pair of
three bits pair, we add the required number of zeros on extreme
sides and write the octal digits corresponding to each pair.
Example 1: (152A.25)16
Step 1:
We write the four-bit binary digit for 1, 5, 2, A, and 5.
(152A.25)16=(0001 0101 0010 1010.0010 0101)2
So, the binary number of hexadecimal number 152A.25
is (0011010101010.010101)2
Step 2:
3. Then, we make pairs of three bits on both sides of the binary point.
001 010 100 101 010.001 001 010
4. Then, we write the octal digit, which corresponds to each pair.
(001010100101010.001001010)2=(12452.112)8
So, the octal number of the hexadecimal number 152A.25
is 12452.112