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Amines and Diazonium Salts Project

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105 views5 pages

Amines and Diazonium Salts Project

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siwachlakshay140
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Amines and Diazonium Salts

Class 12th CBSE Project

Certificate

This is to certify that [Student Name], a student of Class 12th, has successfully completed the

project on the topic "Amines and Diazonium Salts" in accordance with the curriculum prescribed by

CBSE under the guidance of [Teacher's Name].

Date: ______________

Place: ______________

(Signature of Teacher)
Introduction

Amines and diazonium salts are important classes of organic compounds with significant

applications in industrial chemistry. Amines, derivatives of ammonia, exhibit unique chemical

reactivity and play a central role in biological systems. Diazonium salts, on the other hand, are

intermediates in the preparation of azo dyes and other industrially significant compounds.

Amines

Amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH3) in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by

alkyl or aryl groups. They are classified into primary (1°), secondary (2°), and tertiary (3°) amines

based on the number of alkyl/aryl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

Physical Properties of Amines

1. Amines have a higher boiling point than hydrocarbons due to hydrogen bonding.

2. Solubility: Lower amines are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding with water molecules.

Chemical Properties of Amines

1. Basicity: Amines act as Lewis bases and react with acids to form salts.

Example: CH3NH2 + HCl -> CH3NH3+Cl-

2. Acylation: Reaction with acid chlorides or anhydrides to form amides.

Example: CH3NH2 + CH3COCl -> CH3NHCOCH3 + HCl

3. Alkylation: Reaction with alkyl halides to form higher amines.

Example: CH3NH2 + CH3Cl -> (CH3)2NH + HCl

4. Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis: A method to prepare primary amines.


Reaction: C6H4(CO)2N- + KOH + RX -> C6H4(CO)2NK + RNH2
Important Reactions of Amines

1. Reduction of Nitro Compounds: Nitrobenzene is reduced to aniline using tin and HCl.

Reaction: C6H5NO2 + 6[H] -> C6H5NH2 + 2H2O

2. Hoffmann Bromamide Degradation:

Converts amides to primary amines with one fewer carbon.

Reaction: RCONH2 + Br2 + 4NaOH -> RNH2 + Na2CO3 + 2NaBr + 2H2O

Diazonium Salts

Diazonium salts are compounds containing the functional group R-N2+X-. They are typically formed

from aromatic amines through diazotization.

Preparation of Diazonium Salts

1. Aromatic primary amines react with nitrous acid (HNO2) to form diazonium salts.

Example: C6H5NH2 + NaNO2 + 2HCl -> C6H5N2+Cl- + 2H2O

Chemical Properties of Diazonium Salts

1. Coupling Reactions: React with phenols or aromatic amines to form azo dyes.

Example: C6H5N2+Cl- + C6H5OH -> C6H5-N=N-C6H4OH + HCl

2. Replacement Reactions:

a. Sandmeyer Reaction: Replaces diazonium group with halogen using Cu salts.

Example: C6H5N2+Cl- + CuCl -> C6H5Cl + N2

b. Gattermann Reaction: Replaces diazonium group with Cl or Br.

Example: C6H5N2+Cl- + HCl + Cu -> C6H5Cl + N2


Conclusion

Amines and diazonium salts are integral to organic chemistry due to their wide range of reactions

and applications in the synthesis of dyes, drugs, and agrochemicals. Understanding their behavior

helps in exploring their industrial and practical significance.

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