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Amines Diazonium Salts Class12

Amines are organic compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms in ammonia with alkyl or aryl groups, classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Diazonium salts contain the -N2+ functional group and are used in the preparation of aryl halides and azo dyes. Both amines and diazonium salts have distinct physical and chemical properties, with various applications in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, and polymers.

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31 views3 pages

Amines Diazonium Salts Class12

Amines are organic compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms in ammonia with alkyl or aryl groups, classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. Diazonium salts contain the -N2+ functional group and are used in the preparation of aryl halides and azo dyes. Both amines and diazonium salts have distinct physical and chemical properties, with various applications in the manufacture of dyes, drugs, and polymers.

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debidattasubhadarshi
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Amines and Diazonium Salts

1. Introduction

- Amines are organic compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia

(NH3) with alkyl or aryl groups.

- Diazonium Salts are compounds containing the functional group -N2+, which is attached to an

aromatic ring.

2. Classification

(a) Amines:

1. Primary (1°) Amines: One hydrogen atom of ammonia is replaced (e.g., methylamine CH3NH2).

2. Secondary (2°) Amines: Two hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced (e.g., dimethylamine

(CH3)2NH).

3. Tertiary (3°) Amines: All three hydrogen atoms are replaced (e.g., trimethylamine (CH3)3N).

(b) Diazonium Salts:

- General formula: [Ar-N2+X-], where X- is usually Cl-, Br-, or HSO4-.

3. Nomenclature

- Amines:

- Common Names: Alkyl or aryl group + amine (e.g., ethylamine).

- IUPAC Names: Replace "-e" in the parent alkane with "-amine" (e.g., ethanamine).

- Diazonium Salts:

- Named as "Aryl Diazonium Halide" (e.g., Benzene Diazonium Chloride).

4. Preparation
(a) Amines:

1. Reduction of Nitro Compounds:

Ar-NO2 -> Ar-NH2

2. Hoffmann Bromamide Degradation:

RCONH2 + Br2 + 4NaOH -> RNH2 + Na2CO3 + 2NaBr + 2H2O

(b) Diazonium Salts:

1. Diazotization:

Aromatic amines react with nitrous acid (HNO2) in the presence of HCl at 0-5°C.

C6H5NH2 + NaNO2 + 2HCl -> C6H5N2+Cl- + 2H2O

5. Physical Properties

- Amines:

- Lower members are gases; higher members are liquids/solids.

- Soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding; solubility decreases with increasing molecular weight.

- Diazonium Salts:

- Colorless crystalline solids.

- Decompose on warming.

6. Chemical Properties

(a) Amines:

1. Basicity:

RNH2 + H2O -> RNH3+ + OH-

2. Acylation:

RNH2 + R'COCl -> RNHCO-R' + HCl

3. Reaction with Alkyl Halides:

RNH2 + R'X -> R2NH + HX


(b) Diazonium Salts:

1. Sandmeyer Reaction:

C6H5N2+Cl- ->(CuCl) C6H5Cl + N2

2. Gattermann Reaction:

C6H5N2+Cl- ->(Cu, HCl) C6H5Cl + N2

3. Coupling Reaction:

Reacts with phenols or aromatic amines to form azo dyes.

C6H5N2+Cl- + C6H5OH -> C6H5-N=N-C6H4OH + HCl

7. Uses

- Amines:

- In the manufacture of dyes, drugs, and polymers.

- As intermediates in organic synthesis.

- Diazonium Salts:

- In the preparation of aryl halides.

- Used in the dye and textile industry.

Key Points

1. Amines exhibit basicity due to the lone pair on nitrogen.

2. Diazonium salts are unstable and must be used immediately after preparation.

3. Sandmeyer and Gattermann reactions are key to introducing halogens into aromatic rings.

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