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Report 7

Uploaded by

SAYAN CHATTERJEE
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EE561: POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY

Name: Sayan Chatterjee


Roll number: 246102019
Experiment 7
Objective
The objective of this experiment is to study the operation of single-phase and three phase

voltage source inverters (VSI) using MATLAB/SIMULINK Parameters

Parameters Single Phase-VSI


Output Voltage 230V 50 Hz
Output Power 1 kW
Switching Frequency 10 kHz
Load Type Resistive
Modulation Index 0.4 and 0.8

Single Phase Inverter

Theory

Inverter in Power-Electronics refers to a class of power conversion circuits


that operate from a DC voltage source or a DC current source and convert it into
a symmetric AC voltage or current. It does the reverse of what ac-to-dc
‘converter’ does. The input to the inverter is a direct dc or dc source derived
from an AC source. For example, the primary input power source may be
a utility ac voltage supply converted to DC by an AC - dc rectifier with a filter
capacitor and then ‘inverted’ back to AC using an inverter. Here, the final AC
output may be of a different frequency and magnitude than the input AC of the
utility supply. If the input DC is a voltage source, the inverter is called a
Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). The simplest DC voltage source for a VSI may
be a battery bank or a solar photovoltaic cell stack. An AC voltage supply, after
rectification into DC, can also serve as a DC voltage source.

Circuit Diagram:
Calculations:

To design a single phase invetter we need to calculate some parameters.We


need to design a filter that will remove the higher order harmonics.For this the
cutoff frequency is taken to be less than or equal to the switching frequency.

Filter Capacitance 𝐶𝑓 . We consider here 𝐿𝑓 = 10 𝑚𝐻.


1
Now we need to calculate 𝑓𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓 = 𝑂𝑅 𝐶𝑓 = 10.13 uF
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶

Input DC Voltage :
𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = or 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 813.172 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 (for 𝑚𝑎 = 0.4)
𝑚𝑎
𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = or 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 406.586 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 (for 𝑚𝑎 = 0.8)
𝑚𝑎

These are the parameters computed to design the VSI is both bipolar and
unipolar modes of switching.The only difference is switching techniques and
the voltage levels in unipolar and bipolar modes of operation.
Simulation Waveforms
Three Phase VSI

Parameter Three-phase VSI


Output voltage 400 V, 50 Hz
Output Power 10 kW
Switching Frequency 10 kHz
Load type Resistive, Y-connected
Modulation index 0.4 and 0.8

The main function of this kind of inverter is to change the input of DC to the
output of three-phase AC. A basic 3-phase inverter includes 3 single-phase
inverter switches where each switch can be connected to one of the 3 load
terminals. Generally, the three arms of this inverter will be delayed with 120-
degree angle to generate a 3-phase AC supply.
The switches used in the inverter have a 50% ratio and switching can occur after
every 60 degrees angle. The switches like S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, and S6 will
complement each other. In this, three inverters with single-phase are placed
across a similar DC source. The pole voltages within the three-phase inverter
are equivalent to the pole voltages within the half-bridge inverter with a single
phase.’

The two types of inverters like the single-phase and three-phase include two
conduction modes like 180 degrees conduction mode and 120 degrees
conduction mode.

180° Conduction Mode


In this conduction mode, each device will be in conduction with 180° where
they are activated at intervals with 60°. The output terminals like A, B, and C
are connected to the star or 3 phase delta connection of the load.

Balanced Load
Balanced Load
The balanced load for three phases is explained in the following diagram. For 0
to 60 degrees, the switches like S1, S5 & S6 are in conduction mode. The load
terminals like A & C are linked to the source on its positive point, whereas the
B terminal is associated with the source on its negative point. Furthermore, the
R/2 resistance is available among the two ends of neutral & the positive
whereas R resistance is available among the neutral & the negative terminal.

In this mode, the voltages of load are given in the following.

VAN = V/3,

VBN = −2V/3,

VCN = V/3

The line voltages are given in the following.

VAB = VAN − VBN = V,

VBC = VBN − VCN = −V,

VCA = VCN − VAN = 0

120° Conduction Mode

In this type of conduction mode, every electronic device will be in a conduction


state with 120°. It is apt for a delta connection within a load as it results within a
six-step kind of waveform across one of its phases. So, at any instant, only these
devices will conduct every device that will conduct at 120° only.

The connection of ‘A’ terminal on the load can be done through the positive end
whereas the B terminal can be connected toward the negative terminal of the
source. The ‘C’ terminal on the load will be in conduction is known as the
floating state. Also, the phase voltages are equivalent to the voltages of load
which is given below.

Phase voltages are equal to line voltages, so

VAB = V

VBC = −V/2

VCA = −V/2
Circuit Diagram

Calculations:

We are using same 𝐿𝑓 and 𝐶𝑓 values for three phase calculation.

Input DC Voltage :
2∗𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = or 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 1633 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 (for 𝑚𝑎 = 0.4)
√3∗𝑚𝑎
2∗𝑉𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = or 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 816.49 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 (for 𝑚𝑎 = 0.8)
√3∗𝑚𝑎
Simulation Waveforms

Conclusions :

From this experiment, we got to understand the modulation techniques in


single-phase and three-phase inverters. We got to understand how the filter
circuits help to remove higher-order harmonics and help us to get a smooth
balanced Sinusoidal output.

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