automatic elevator controller

Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI)

Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2021: 4949-4957

Automatic Elevator Controller

Khushboo Pichhode, Krupa Deshmukh, Omkar Rane, Saurabh Mhamunkar

Department of Electronics Engineering, D Y Patil Deemed to be University, Ramrao Adik Institute of
Technology, Navi Mumbai, India
e-mail: khushboo.pichhode@rait.ac.in

Abstract. The elevators have embellish as an important part of any commercial or public complex
in this new era. because, of these elevators it becomes very easy and quick for people and luggage
to move from one place to another place. Most of the control and industrial applications are running
on the traditional PLC technology abundantly as PLC has flexibility, lower cost and security
compared to other techniques, but still a powerful alternative for PLC is needed. In recent years,
FPGA has been the best replacement of PLC to implement control algorithms in industrial, digital
signal processing, video and audio applications as well to perform control tasks.The entire world is
facing the pandemic situation and in this period there is a need of Automatic Elevators. Automatic
elevators runs without having floor buttons pressed. When passenger enters and/or leaves the
elevator cab, door sensors detects passengers as they enters and/or leaves. After the doors closed, the
elevator will starts to run by it’s own. Three level efficient elevator control system is designed by
simply changing the state diagram, VHDL code is generated and used in Quartus to implement
control system on FPGA Altera DE2-115. MODELSIM simulation software is used to simulate
VHDL implementation of our proposed Automatic Elevator.

1 Introduction

An elevator is used to transit the people or luggage be- tween floors of a building or similar
structure.This is the certification that allows people move with safety and con- venience. The relay
logic, PLC and microcontroller were used for the estabilshment of traditional elevator control
system. The reduced number of inputs and outputs is the main disadvantage of this system. So, for
the better solu- tion for implementing an elevator controller one can use FPGAs [2].

Very Large Scale Integration is in demand all over the world due to the rapid development of the
semiconduc- tor industry over last 20 years. The design based on VLSI technology can be easily
understood with the help of dig- ital logic theory and techniques.To make the circuit fast and high
speed these fundamentals are very important. As the technology is improving rapidly, the designs
need to be made simpler for enjoying the benefits [3].

The concept of finite state machine technology is used for implementing on the elevator controller.
The elevator pro- cess can be defined with the help of different states as per the FSM technology. In
Elevator there will be a change from one floor to another floor which is based on the FSM technique
that is the change from one state to another state

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. The main aim is to design a minimum cost and compress controller prototype on VHDL. VHDL is a
Hardware De- scription Language used in designing of digital circuits by describing digital models in
a textual manner [1].

In this work, main approach was to develop an elevator algorithm for an elevator with multiple
number of floors and by improving its efficiency. VHDL is a hardware de- scription language which
is commonly used to describe digital circuits in a textual manner in designing. Project explains the
design of elevator control system by using where VHDL code is generated using MODELSIM soft-
ware. There is no need to write a complex code is the key point of our project, as needed in other
control techniques. Automatic sanitization system is implemented with the ob- jective of minimum
physical contact [3].

2 Literature Survey

In 312, Archimedes invented the first reference elevator. The elevator was developed with the help
of cable on a rope and which was powered by hand. This kind of eleva- tor was established in the
cloister of Egypt. In the building of England and France in 1792, the very small type ele- vators were
placed. Lvan Kuliben in 1793, invented an elevator with the screw lifting mechanism in Saint Peters-
burg. The safety elevator was invented by Elisha Otis in 1852, which restricted the fall of the elevator
car, if the ca- ble broke suddenly. In New York City the elevator which was installed is used by the
first Otis passenger in March 1857. In 1880 Werner Von Siemens invented the first elec- tric elevator. A
method was patented by J.W. Meaker in 1874, which allowed elevator to maintain the safety while
opening and closing of the door. A company named the Hydraulic Power Company was established
in 1882 be- cause of the invention of hydraulic power technology [3]. The first residential elevator
was created by the Clarence Conrad Crispen with inclinator company of america in 1929. In that first
elevator there was a arrival sensor which gets detected when the elevator reaches on the respective
floor. The another main element of the of elevator sys- tem is DC motor. DC motor works in either
forward and reverse direction when the switch is being pressed. The computer is used nowdays to
control many modern eleva- tors. The processing of the necessary information about the elevator is
the computers job. To move the elevator car in correct position it is required to turn the motor correct
amount. Right from the invention of the elevator nothing much has changed in the technology. [2].

This work based on the principle of minimum physical contact, which will be implemented with the
help of Al- tera DE2-115 and the required sensors. In recent years, many different universities are
working on this project [4].

3 Tools Required

3.1 Software

3.1.1 Quartus

Intel Quartus Prime is programmable logic device boards outlines software invented by Intel earlier to
Intel’s acqui- sition of Altera the tool was named Altera Quartus Prime, previously Altera Quartus II.
Quartus Prime allow analysis and synthesis of HDL designs, which allows the developer to compile
their designs, perform timing analysis, moni- tor RTL diagrams, simulate a design’s reaction to
different stimuli, and configure the target device with the program- mer. An implementation of VHDL

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and Verilog for hard- ware description, visual editing of logic circuits and vec- tor waveform
simulation is done with the help of Quartus Prime.

3.1.2 ModelSim

For simulating hardware description languages such as VHDL, Verilog and System C we use
ModelSim which is a multi-language environment by Mentor Graphics. It in- cludes a built-in C
debugger circuit. Intel Quartus Prime, Xilinx ISE or Xilinx Vivado can be used with ModelSim, or
ModelSim can be used independently with the system. The graphical user interface (GUI), or
automatically us- ing scripts is used to perform Simulation. For the MAT- LAB/Simulink, ModelSim
can also be used. For such de- signs, MATLAB provides a numerical simulation toolset, while
ModelSim provides tools to verify the hardware im- plementation timing characteristics of the design.

3.2 Hardware

Altera DE2-115 Board

The DE2 series has always been at the frontier of educa- tional development boards.The newest
DE2-115 that fea- tures the Cyclone IV E device by extending its leader- ship and success is
announced by Terrasic. Mobile video, voice, data access, and the desire for best quality images by
responding to increased versatile low-cost it is needed to be driven by spectrum. The new DE2-115
comes with a perfect balance of minimum cost, minimum power and a rich supply of logic, memory
and DSP capabilities.

The Cyclone EP4CE115 device features 114,480 logic ele- ments which is the most offered in the Cyclone
IV E series. It has 3.94 Mbits of RAM. It contains 266 multipliers. It gives us the best package of
minimum cost and function- ality, and minimum power in comparison with previous generation
Cyclone devices.

4 Flowchart

Figure 1: Elevator Controller Flowchart

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 Khushboo Pichhode, Krupa Deshmukh, Omkar Rane, Saurabh Mhamunkar

• Initially the system is in the ideal state. the elevator will generally move in two state i.e up or down.

• If the elevator is moving in upward direction it will stop at desired floor and it will check for its
next destination.

• And if the elevator is moving in downward direction it will stop at desired floor and it will check
for its subse- quent destination.

• According to the request from any floor the elevator will either move in downward direction or
upward direction.

• If the system is reset, it will arrive to its ideal position regardless of any request.

5 Algorithm

This algorithm is based on mathematical model of com- putation with the help of finite-state
machine. The change from one state to another by giving output to some input is called transition. An
FSM is defined with the help of dif- ferent states, its inceptive state and the inputs that trigger every
transition.

In modern world state machines can be observed in many devices as it performs predetermined
series of action de- pending on sequence of events. Examples of which is vending machines used to
waive products when the coins which are deposited are in proper combination. The sec- ond example
of FSM is an elevator,according to the input given by person the elevator stop at desired floor.
Another example is traffic light, when cars are waiting the pattern of signals get changed and Fourth
example is of combina- tion locks, which want the proper input to get the locked solved.

Figure 2: State Diagram

6 Result and Analysis

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Figure 3: VHDL Implementation of this work

Referring to the VHDL implementation of this work, the state diagram is generated and with the help
of Netlist viewer the RTL schematic is generated. Based on the work and by simulating this program the
following results are received which are shown in below figures.

• Here, floor1, floor2, floor3 are indicating the three floors of the elevators.

• The two states MU2 and MU3 indicates that the mo- tor is moving in upwards direction and at
that time hbrg generate ”01” output.

Figure 4: RTL Viewer

Figure 5: State Daigram

• Similarly, the other two states MD1 and MD2 indicates that the motor is moving downward
direction and at that time hbrg generate ”10” output.

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• PS1, PS2, PS3 are the inputs for floor1, floor2, floor3.

• S1, S2, S3 are the inputs for sensing MU2, MU3, MD1, MD2.

Referring to figure 6, Initially the elevator is on floor 1 when PS2 detects the person at that time the
signal be- comes high and the state change from F1 to MU2 and hbrg becomes ”01”.That means the
elevator is moving upwards. Now, the present state is MU2. so, when S2 equal to ”1” the next state
changes from MU2 to F2 and floor becomes ”0000010” and hbrg results into ”00” that means the ele-
vator has reached to the desired position.

Figure 6: Transition from Floor1 to Floor 2

Figure 7: Transition from Floor 2 to Floor 3

Figure 8: Transition from Floor 3 to Floor 1

Referring to figure 7, Initially the elevator is on floor 2 when PS3 detects the person at that time the
signal be- comes high and the state change from F2 to MU3 and hbrg becomes ”01”.That means the
elevator is moving upwards. Now, the present state is MU3. so, when S3 equal to ”1” the next state
changes from MU3 to F3 and floor becomes ”0000011” and hbrg results into ”00” that means the ele-

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vator has reached to the desired position.

Referring to figure 8, Initially the elevator is on floor 3 when PS1 detects the person at that time the
signal be- comes high and the state change from F3 to MD1 and hbrg becomes ”10”.That means the
elevator is moving down- wards. Now, the present state is MD1. so, when S1 equal to ”1” the next
state changes from MD1 to F1 and floor becomes ”0000001” and hbrg results into ”00” that means
the elevator has reached to the desired position. Here, the elevator has directly jumped from F3 to F1.

Figure 9: Transition from Floor 3 to Floor 2

Referring to figure 9, Initially the elevator is on floor 3 when PS2 detects the person at that time the
signal be- comes high and the state change from F3 to MD2 and hbrg becomes ”10”.That means the
elevator is moving down- wards. Now, the present state is MD2. so, when S2 equal to ”1” the next
state changes from MD2 to F2 and floor becomes ”0000010” and hbrg results into ”00” that means
the elevator has reached to the desired position.

Figure 10: Reset Logic

Referring to figure 10, Initially the elevator is on floor 2 as soon as rst=1 the elevator changes its state
and come to its original position i.e floor 1. When rst=1 no operation will be perform everything will
be at its initial position and when rst=0 all the functions will start their operation.

7 Conclusion and Future Scope

This work explains the finite state machine of the elevator control system which is implemented
using Altera DE2-

115. Due to its wide range of pros compared to traditional schematic-based design the VHDL was

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given key impor- tance in designing. Here FSM is used to change the state. Flowchart,algorithm and
state diagram is designed for im- plementation of this project. Auto sanitization system is also
implemented in this elevator , as the main objective of the project is to focus on the principle of
minimum physi- cal contact.

VHDL implementation of this code will be implemented on the hardware and will meet necessary
modification whenever some new aspects will be encountered which should be improved. The
number of sensors will increase as we make progress on this project. There is a scope that once the
person leaves the car, the fans and lights will turn off automatically. IoT based digital voice assistant
ser- vices like alexa, siri can also be implemented in the ele- vator.

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