Chapter -1 -Class X- Communication skills -Notes

Session 1: Methods of Communication

The word ‘communication’ comes from the Latin word commūnicāre, meaning ‘to share’.
Clear and concise communication is of immense importance in work and business
environment as there are several parties involved.

Communication has three important parts:

1. Transmitting — The sender transmits the message through one medium or another.

2. Listening — The receiver listens or understands the message.

3. Feedback — The receiver conveys their understanding of the message to the sender
in the form of feedback to complete the communication cycle.

Communication Process and Elements

The various elements of the communication cycle are:

Sender: the person beginning the communication.

Message: the information that the sender wants to convey.

Channel: the means by which the information is sent.

Receiver: the person to whom the message is sent.

Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgment and response to the message.

Methods of Communication
· Face-to-face informal
· communication
· e-mail
· Notices/Posters
· Business Meetings
· social networks, message, phone call for communication, newsletter, blog, etc

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 Choosing the right method of communication depends on
• Target audience
• Costs
• Kind/type of information
• Urgency/priority

Session 2: Verbal Communication

Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language, and speech. Speaking is one
of the most effective and commonly used ways of communicating. It helps in expressing
our emotions in words.

Type of Verbal Communication

Interpersonal Communication: This form of communication takes place between two

individuals and is thus a one-on-one conversation. It can be formal or informal.

Written Communication: This form of communication involves writing words. It can be

letters, circulars, reports, manuals, SMS, social media chats, etc. It can be between two
or more people.

Small Group Communication: This type of communication takes place when there are
more than two people involved. Each participant can interact and converse with the rest.

Public Communication: This type of communication takes place when one individual
addresses a large gathering.

Advantages of Verbal Communication

It is an easy mode of communication in which you can exchange ideas by saying what
you want and get a quick response.

Disadvantages of Verbal Communication

Since verbal communication depends on written or spoken words, sometimes the

meanings can be confusing and difficult to understand if the right words are not used.

Mastering Verbal Communication

Think Before You Speak

 • Think about your topic.

 • Think about the most effective ways to make your listeners
 Understand the topic.

 Write or note down whatever you plan to say.

 Concise and Clear
 Speak clearly, loudly and at moderate speed.
 Be sure the information you want to share is to the point.
 Do not repeat the same sentences.
 Confidence and Body Language
 Be confident.
 Maintain eye contact, stand straight and be attentive.
 Be friendly.

Session 3: Non-verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is the expression or exchange of information or messages

without using any spoken or written word.

Importance of Non-verbal Communication

In our day-to-day communication

• 55% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc.
• 38% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.
• only 7% communication is done using words.

Types of Non-verbal Communication

• Facial Expressions
• Posture
• Gestures or Body Language
• Touch
• Space
• Eye Contact
• Paralanguage : tone, speed and volume of our voice.

Examples of Visual Communication

Session 4: Communication Cycle and the Importance of Feedback

For effective communication, it is important that the sender receives an

acknowledgement from the receiver about getting the message across. While a sender

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sends information, the receiver provides feedback on the received message.

Types of Feedback

• Positive Feedback
• Negative Feedback
• No Feedback

A good feedback is one that is:

• Specific: Avoid general comments. Try to include examples to clarify your statement.
Offering alternatives rather than just giving advice allows the receiver to decide what to
do with your feedback.

• Timely: Being prompt is the key, since feedback loses its impact if delayed for too
long.

• Polite: While it is important to share feedback, the recipient should not feel offended
by the language of the feedback.

• Offering continuing support: Feedback sharing should be a continuous process.

After offering feedback, let recipients know you are available
for support.

Importance of Feedback

• It validates effective listening: The person providing the feedback knows they have
been understood (or received) and that their feedback
provides some value.

• It motivates: Feedback can motivate people to build better work relationships and
continue the good work that is being appreciated.

• It is always there: Every time you speak to a person, we communicate feedback so it

is impossible not to provide one.

• It boosts learning: Feedback is important to remain focussed on goals, plan better

and develop improved products and services.

• It improves performance: Feedback can help to form better decisions to improve and
increase performance.

Session 5: Barriers to Effective Communication

What is Effective Communication?
 Effective communication follows the basic principles of professional communication
skills.

Barriers to Effective Communication

Physical Barriers
Physical barrier is the environmental and natural condition that act as a barrier in
communication in sending message from sender to receiver. Not being able to see
gestures, posture and general body language can make communication less effective.

Linguistic Barriers
The inability to communicate using a language is known as language barrier to
communication. Language barriers are the most common communication barriers,
which cause misunderstandings misinterpretations between people

Interpersonal Barriers
Barriers to interpersonal communication occur when the sender’s message is received
differently from how it was intended.

Organisational Barriers
Organisations are designed on the basis of formal hierarchical structures that follow
performance standards, rules and regulations, procedures, policies, behavioural norms,
etc. All these affect the free flow
of communication in organisations

Cultural Barriers
Cultural barriers is when people of different cultures are unable to understand each
other’s customs, resulting in inconveniences and difficulties.People sometimes make
stereotypical assumptions about others based on their cultural background

Ways to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication

• Use simple language

• Do not form assumptions on culture, religion or geography
• Try to communicate in person as much as possible
• Use visuals
• Take help of a translator to overcome differences in language
• Be respectful of other’s opinions

7 C's of Communication

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Session 6: Writing Skills — Parts of Speech

Writing skills are part of verbal communication and include e-mails, letters, notes,
articles, SMS/chat, blogs, etc.

Capitalisation Rules

Punctuation : Full stop, Comma, Question mark, Exclamation mark

Basic Parts of Speech

The part of speech indicates how a particular word functions in meaning as well as
grammatically within the sentence. Some examples are nouns, pronouns, adjectives,
verbs ,adverbs , Conjunctions, Prepositions, Interjections

Session 7: Writing Skills — Sentences Active and Passive Sentences

Types of Sentences

1. Statement or Declarative Sentence

2. Question or Interrogative Sentence
3. Emotion/Reaction or Exclamatory Sentence
4. Order or Imperative Sentence
Communication Skills Class 10 Important MCQs

Q1. Which of the following is NOT an element of communication within the

communication process cycle?

A) Channel

B) Receiver

C) Sender

D) Time

Answer (D)

Q2. You need to apply for leave at work? Which method of communication will
you use?

A) e-mail

B) Poster

C) Newsletter

D) Blog

Answer (A)

Q3. By which action can senders send their messages?

A) Gestures

B) Speaking

C) Reading

D) Writing

Answer (C)

Q4. Which of the following is an example of oral communication?

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A) Newspapers

B) Letters

C) Phone call

D) e-mail

Answer (C)
Q5. What are the types of words we should use for verbal communication?

A) Acronyms

B) Simple

C) Technical

D) Jargons

Answer (B)

Q6. Which of these is a positive (good) facial expression?

A) Frowning while concentrating

B) Maintaining eye contact

C) Smiling continuously

D) Rolling up your eyes

Answer (B)

Q7. What does an upright (straight) body posture convey or show?

A) Pride

B) Professionalism

C) Confidence

D) Humility

Answer (C)
Q8. Which of these is NOT an appropriate non-verbal communication at work?

A) Keeping hands in pockets while talking

B) Talking at moderate speed

C) Sitting straight

D) Tilting head a bit to listen

Answer (A)

Q9. Which of the following statement is true about communication?

A) 50% of our communication is non-verbal

B) 20% communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc

C) 5% communication is done using voice, tone, pauses, etc.

D) 7% communication is done using words

Answer (D)

Q10. Which of these are examples of positive feedback?

A) Excellent, your work has improved

B) I noticed your dedication towards the project.

C) You are always doing it the wrong way.

D) All of the above

Answer (D)

Q11. Which of these are examples of negative feedback?

A) I hate to tell you this but your drawing skill is poor.

B) You can surely improve your drawing

C) These are good drawings but you can do better.

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D) None of the above

Answer (A)

Q12. Which of the following is an effective components of good feedback?

A) Detailed and time consuming

B) Indirect

C) Specific

D) Opinion-based

Answer (C)

Q13. Which of these is NOT a common communication barrier?

A) Linguistic barrier

B) Interpersonal barrier

C) Financial barrier

D) Organisational barrier

Answer (C)

Q14. In which of the following, the underlined word is an adjective?

A) Radha has a red dress

B) I can speak French

C) The Girl on the Train is a best-seller

D) Abdul can swim fast

Answer (A)

Q15. Which of these sentences is capitalised correctly?

A) Ravi and i are going to the movies

B) Salim is visiting India in July

C) The tiger is a Strong animal

D) She is arriving on Monday

Answer (D)
Q16. Which of these sentences are punctuated correctly?

A) When is the party.

B) I had bread omelette and a Banana for breakfast?

C) I am so excited about my first foreign trip,

D) This is Abdul’s notebook.

Answer (D)

Q17. In which of these sentences can you find an adverb?

A) Divya drinks milk every day.

B) Sanjay gifted me a new pen

C) I opened the door lock

D) Sita is 5-feet tall.

Answer (A)
Q18. Identify the indirect object in the sentence, ‘The band played music for the
audience.’

A) The band

B) played

C) music

D) audience

Answer (D)

Q19. Which of these is an imperative sentence?

A) Switch off the fan

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B) Sheila has gone to the market

C) Where are my pen colours?

D) Oh no! I missed my flight

Answer (D)

Q20. Which of these sentences is in active voice?

A) A movie is being watched by them.

B) The car was repaired by Raju

C) He is reading a book.

D) The thief was being chased by a policeman

Answer (C)

Subjective Questions of Communication Skills

1. List the different types of verbal communication. Include examples for each
verbal communication type.
Ans. The table illustrates the different types of verbal communication:
2. What do you mean by feedback? Let’s take a scenario. Radha is your co-
worker. Together you are making a report on how to manage the waste in your
store. Since she has not completed her work on time, the whole report has got
delayed and the manager has given you both a warning. Write down the feedback
you would like to give your workers on time management. Try to keep the
feedback specific and polite.

Ans. Feedback is the final component and one of the most important factors in the
process of communication since it is defined as the response given by the receiver to
the sender.

Feedback to Radha
You are a great asset to the team. You are very professional and focused on your work.
Despite the difficult deadlines for the report on how to manage the waste in your store,
you maintain a positive attitude. You respond to problems without getting angry or
frustrated. Whenever you have free time I see you studying or looking over someone’s
shoulder trying to troubleshoot a problem. It would benefit the entire department if you
paid more attention to the delivery time.

3. Write down the common communication barriers you may come across when
you move to a new city or country.

Ans. The common communication barriers a person may come across when the move
to a new city or country is:

Physical Barriers: Physical barriers are the environmental and natural conditions that
act as a barrier in communication. For example, text messages are often less effective
than face-to-face communication.

Linguistic Barriers: The inability to communicate using a language is known as the

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language barrier to communication. Language barriers are the most common
communication barriers, it leads to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of the
message. For example slang, professional jargon.

Interpersonal Barriers: Barriers to interpersonal communication occur when the

sender’s message is received differently from how it was intended. It is also very difficult
to communicate with someone who is not willing to talk or express their feelings and
views.

Organisational Barriers: Organisations are designed on the basis of formal

hierarchical
structures that follow performance standards, rules and regulations, procedures,
policies, behavioural norms, etc. Superior-subordinate relationships in a formal
organisational structure can be a barrier to the free flow of communication.

Cultural Barriers: Cultural barriers is when people of different cultures are unable to
understand
each other’s customs, resulting in inconveniences and difficulties. People sometimes
make stereotypical assumptions about others based on their cultural background, this
leads to a difference in opinions and can be a major barrier to effective communication.

4. Write two sentences of each type of sentence — statement, question,

exclamatory and order.

Ans. The two sentences of each type of sentence are:

Statement

1) Blue is my favourite colour.

2) The farewell party begins in two hours.

Question

1) Do you want tea or coffee?

2) Is it raining?

Exclamatory

1) This is the best day of my life!

2) Oh, my goodness, we won!

Order

1) Please lower your voice.

 2) Respond immediately.

5. Which is your favourite food, dish or cuisine? Write two paragraphs about your
favourite food, dish or cuisine. Make sure you follow all the rules about the
sentences and paragraphs you have learnt.

Ans. I am a very foodie. I love to eat. Among the number of foods, Pizza is my favourite
food because it tastes and smells fabulous. My Mom cooks the best Pizzas in the world.
I always ask her to make Pizza.

In Pizzas, I love onion cheese Pizza a lot. This is because cheese pizza is healthy and
makes me strong. To create fun we also organize pizza races in terms of who can eat
the maximum number of pizzas. I can eat many pizzas at a time.

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 Chapter 2- Class X- Self Management Skills

Self Management Skills are those skills that help a person to control his thoughts, wants,
feelings and actions. It allows you to maximize your productivity and performance in various
fields of your career. When we talk about employability, Self-management skills help you to
manage a good career path. It helps you to overcome in many bad situations. Here in this
article, we will discuss Stress and Stress Management Techniques and also we will discuss how
to work independently.

Following are some of the skills you must master to succeed in life:

• Self-awareness: Ask for honest feedback. Gather insights on your personality and work-
specific proficiencies. Think about your daily interactions and how you handled situations well or
could have handled them differently.

• Responsibility: Taking responsibility for your tasks is very important. Taking ownership is the
step towards self-development. For example, if you have been assigned a task by a
teacher; ensure you take complete ownership. Even if you are unable to complete the task on
time, you must report it and then correct it.

• Time Management: Prioritise the things you have to do. Remove waste and redundancy
from work. Make a time table and follow it diligently.

• Adaptability: Stay current with best practices and read up on new information always.
Prepare yourself for new changes, so that you can transition seamlessly.

Session 1: Stress Management

What is Stress?
Stress can be defined as our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any perceived
demands or threats. These demands or threats are called stressors. Stressors are the reason
for stress.

For example,

• you are too close to the exams but feel unprepared.

• you are experiencing a loss of someone close in the family.

• you are worried about what people would think of you if you don’t dress well or cannot
speak confidently.
Stress Management

Managing stress is about making a plan to be able to cope effectively with daily pressures. The
ultimate goal is to strike a balance between life, work, relationships, relaxation, and fun. By
doing this, you are able to deal with daily stress triggers and meet these challenges head-on.

Always keep in mind the ABC of stress management

A: Adversity or the stressful event

B: Beliefs or the way you respond to the event

C: Consequences or actions and outcomes of the event

Management Techniques

Here are a few simple stress management techniques.

• Time management: Proper time management is one of the most effective stress-
relieving techniques.

• Physical exercise and fresh air: A healthy lifestyle is essential for students. Stress is
generally lower in people who maintain a healthy routine. Doing yoga, meditation and deep
breathing exercises help in proper blood circulation and relaxes the body. Even taking a walk or
playing in the park will help you get a lot of fresh oxygen, which will help you become more
active.

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• Healthy diet: Having a healthy diet will also help you reduce stress. Eating a balanced diet,
such as Dal, Roti, vegetables and fruits will give you the strength to do your daily work
efficiently.

• Positivity: Focussing on negative aspects of life will add more stress. Instead, learn to look at
the good things and stay positive. For example, instead of feeling upset over a scoring less in a
test, try to maintain a positive attitude and look at ways to improve the next time.

• Sleep: We should get a good night’s sleep for at least 7 hours so that your brain and body
gets recharged to function better the next day.

• Holidays with family and friends: Going to a relative’s place, such as your grandparents’
house or a new place during your summer vacations can help you break from the normal routine
and come back afresh.

Ability to Work Independently

If you can become a calm and relaxed person, you will have the ability to work independently,
which means.

1. becoming self-aware, self-monitoring, and self-correcting.

2. knowing what you need to do.

3. taking the initiative rather than being told what to do.

4. recognising your mistakes and not blaming others.

5. having the ability and the will to learn continuously.

Emotional Intelligence

Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify and manage one’s own emotions, as well as the
emotions of others.

• Emotional awareness : the ability to identify and name one’s own emotions.

• Harnessing emotions : the ability to harness and apply emotions to tasks like thinking and
problem solving.

• Managing emotions : the ability to regulate one’s own emotions when necessary and help
others to do the same.
 Some steps to manage emotional intelligence are as given below.

• Understand your emotions: Observe your behaviour and note the things you need to work
on. You can then work on the things you need to improve.

• Rationalise: Do not take decisions abruptly; be rational in your thinking.

• Practise: Do meditation and yoga to keep yourself calm.

Session 2: Self-awareness — Strength and Weakness

Analysis

Techniques for Identifying your Strengths and Weaknesses

Finding Strengths (or abilities)

 Think of anything that you are always successful at.

 Think about what others like in you.
 Take out time and think about what you do well.

Finding Weaknesses

 Point out the areas where you struggle and the things you find difficult to do.
 Look at the feedback others usually give you.
 Be open to feedback and accept your weaknesses without feeling low about it. Take it as an
area of improvement.

Difference between Interests and Abilities (Strengths)

Interests

1. Things that you like to do in your free time that make you happy. An acquired or natural
capacity

2. Things you are curious about or would do even if no one asked you to do it.

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 3. Things you want to learn or would like to do in the future

Ability

1. An acquired or natural capacity

2. nable you to perform a particular job or task with considerable proficiency.

Session 3: Self-motivation
Self-motivation is simply the force within you that drives you to do things. Self-motivation is what
pushes us to achieve our goals, feel happy and improve our quality of life. In other words, it is
our ability to do the things that need to be done without someone or something influencing us.

Qualities of Self-motivated People

1. Know what they want from life

2. Are focussed
3. Know what is important
4. Are dedicated to fulfill their dreams

Building Self-motivation

 Find out your strengths

 Set and focus on your goals
 Develop a plan
 to achieve your goals
 Stay loyal to your goals

Session 4: Self-regulation — Goal Setting

Goals : They are a set of dreams with a deadline to get them, for example, saving pocket
money to buy a favourite mobile phone by a particular date.

Goal setting : It is all about finding and listing your goals and then planning on how to
achieve them.
How to Set Goals?

We can use SMART method to set goals. SMART stands for:

• Specific : A specific and clear goal answers six questions. Who is involved in the goal? What
do I want to do? Where do I start? When do I start and finish? Which means do I use? Why am
I doing this?

Not a specific goal: “I would learn to speak English.”

Specific goal: “I would learn to speak English fluently by joining coaching classes after my
school everyday, and in six months I will take part in the inter-school debate competition.”

Measureable : A measureable goal answers the questions “How much?”, “How many?” and
“How do I know that I have achieved results?”

Not measurable goal: “I want to be rich.”

Measurable goal: “I want to have 5 times more money than what I have today in my hand at
the
end of this year.”

Achievable : Breaking down big goals into smaller parts will make the goal achievable. Bigger
Goal: “I want to become a teacher in my school.”

Realistic : A realistic goal would be something that we want to achieve and can work towards.

Example of unrealistic goal: “I will read my entire year’s syllabus in one day and get good
marks.”
Realistic goal: “I spend 3 hours every day of the year after school to revise my subjects to get
good marks in the exams.”

• Time bound : A SMART goal should have a timeframe by when the goal needs to be
achieved.
This encourages us to take actions to completely fulfill the goals.

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Not a time bound goal: “I want to lose 10 kg someday.”

Time bound goal: “I want to lose 10kg in the next 6 months.”

Session 5: Self-regulation — Time Management

Time Management and Its Importance

Time management is the thinking skill that helps you to

• complete tasks on time.
• make a daily timetable.
• make a good guess at how long it will take you to do something.
• submit homework and assignments on time.
• not waste time during the day.

Four Steps for Effective Time Management Organise

1.Organise: We plan our day to- day activities.
2. Pritortis: We make a to-do list that has all our activities and we rank them in the order of
importance.
3. Control: We have a control over our activities and time.
4. Track: We identify and note where we have spent our time.
Q1. Importance of stress management is/are
A) Improves mood
B) Boosts immune system
C) Increases efficiency
D) All of the above
Answer (D)

Q2. Stress management prevents _____________.

A) psychological disorders
B) behavioural problems
C) both of the above
D) none of the above
Answer (C)

Q3. Which of the following help to manage stress?

A) Self-awareness of symptoms of stress
B) Speaking out to the family and friends
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above
Answer (C)

Q4. Stress cannot be ______ but _______.

A) Cured, practised
B) Eradicated, managed
C) Learnt, forgotten
D) Avoided, welcomed
Answer (B)

Q5. Impact of stress depends on _________.

A) Age and health
B) Profession
C) Living conditions
D) All of these
Answer (D)

Q6. Which is the odd stress symptom of the following?

A) Social withdrawal
B) Depression
C) Fatigue
D) Anxiety
Answer (C)

Q7. _____________ is a practice of focusing on his/her mind.

A) Yoga
B) Physical Exercise
C) Meditation
D) Nature Walk
Answer (C)

Q8. .............. helps to manage stress?

A) Recreational activities like watching movies etc
B) Going On Vacations with Family and Friends
C) Taking Nature Walks
D) All of the above
Answer (D)

Q9. Radhika has prepared a timetable to achieve her goal. This skill is known as
A) Self-Awareness
B) Responsibility
C) Time-Management
D) Adaptability

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Answer (C)

Q10. Stress leads to……………….

A) happiness
B) positive thinking
C) firmness
D) mental troubles
Answer (D)

Q11. Term 1 exam is approaching nearby. Rahul is feeling unprepared. This situation causes
A) confidence
B) stress
C) positiveness
D) strong beliefs
Answer (B)

Q12. Which of the statements below is showing Rohan's weakness?

A) Rohan play the guitar very well.
B) Rohan is good at creative writing
C) Rohan finds it difficult to read English newspaper.
D) None of the above
Answer (C)

Q13. The force that is within you drives you to do things.

A) Self-Awareness
B) Self-Regulation
C) Self-Motivation
D) None of the above
Answer (C)

Q14. Which of the following makes a person complete work or studies without others cheering
him?
A) Self–confidence
B) Communication
C) Self–motivation
D) Self–Esteem
Answer (C)

Q15. Which of the following is one of the signs of stress

A) tiredness
B) headache
C) feeling low
D) all of these
Answer (D)
Q16. Which of the following activity does not reduce the stress?
A) Time Management
B) Physical Exercise
C) Feeling Worried
D) Healthy Diet
Answer (C)

Q17. Which of the following is/are important steps to manage emotional intelligence?
A) Understanding of emotions
B) Rationalise
C) Practise
D) All of the above
Answer (D)

Q18. Converting weakness into strength and strength into an exceptional talent is known as
A) self-awareness
B) self-confidence
C) self-reliance
D) self-regulation
Answer (A)

Q19. Which of the following can be considered as internal motivation?

A) love
B) reward
C) appreciations
D) recognition
Answer (A)

Q20. Which of the following can be considered as external motivation?

A) reward
B) appreciations
C) recognition
D) all of the above
Answer (D)

Q21. Rakesh practises hard to get the best dancer award in the competition. What type of
motivation is this?
A) Internal
B) External
C) Intermediate
D) None of the above
Answer (B)

Q22. Radhika performed in inter-school competitions and learn some skills, such as debating,
singing etc. What type of motivation is this?
A) Internal

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B) External
C) Intermediate
D) None of the above
Answer (A)

Q23. A set of dreams with a deadline to get them...............

A) Goals
B) Goal Setting
C) Vision
D) None of the above
Answer (A)

Q24. We can use ______ method to set goals.

A) SMART
B) CLASS
C) FIRST
D) None of the above
Answer (A)

Q25. Goals should be ____________

A) Specific
B) Measurable
C) Achievable
D) All of the above
Answer (D)

Q26. ____________ is the ability to plan and control how you spend the hours of your day well and
do all that you want to do.
A) Self management
B) Time management
C) Goal management
D) None of the above
Answer (B)

Q27. The process of ______________ in your life helps you decide on how to live your life, where
you want to be, and how you want to be in the future.
A) managing time
B) goal setting
C) dealing people
D) goals allows to
Answer (B)

Q28. How to be a successful person?

A) separate out what’s important
B) focus on the end result
C) successful in career and life
D) All of the above
Answer (D)

Q29. Time management helps an individual in…..

A) complete tasks on time
B) not to waste time
C) set future goals according to completion of tasks at regular interval
D) all of these
Answer (D)

Q30. Which of the following time management steps helps us to analyse that we have used our time
effectively?
A) Organize
B) Track
C) Control
D) Prioritise
Answer (B)

Q31. Strength and weakness analysis starts with

A) knowing others
B) understanding feelings of others
C) identifying others fault and weaknesses
D) knowing yourself
Answer (D)

Q32. What is ‘S’ in SMART method of Goal Setting?

A) Smart
B) Short
C) Specific
D) None of the above
Answer (C)

Q33. Qualities of Self-motivated People is/are ____________

A) They are focused
B) They know what is important
C) They are dedicated to fulfill their dreams
D) All of the above
Answer (D)

Q34. Issues related to health of an individual can lead to low self-esteem and cause
___________stress.
A) Financial
B) Emotional
C) Mental
D) Physical

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Answer (D)

Q35. Staying with the current situation with new updated information and preparing yourself for
new challenges is called _________.
A) Responsibility
B) Adaptability
C) Time management
D) Self-awareness
Answer (B)

Q36. Which of the following technique help you to become more active physically?
A) Exercises and Yoga
B) Sleep
C) Healthy Diet
D) Sleep
Answer (A)

Q37. Which of the following refresh your routine?

A) Healthy Diet
B) Sleep
C) Holiday with family or friends
D) Completing work on time
Answer (C)

Q38. Which of the following technique help you to keep calm?

A) Meditation and Yoga
B) Watching TV and Web Series
C) Playing mobile games
D) All of these
Answer (A)

Q39. he likes, dislikes, beliefs, values and background considered as

A) knowing oneself
B) knowing others
C) knowing the peers
D) knowing relatives
Answer (A)

Q40. Paresh did not like to lose any game or sports. This is his
A) strength
B) weakness
C) emotional intelligence
D) positive feelings
Answer (B)
Q41. Which of the following technique provide you with the strength to do your daily work
efficiently?
A) Healthy Diet
B) Sleep
C) Holiday with family or friends
D) Completing work on time
Answer (A)

Q42. Breathlessness, dry mouth, butterflies in the stomach, indigestion etc are signs of _________
stress.
A) Mental
B) Physical
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above
Answer (B)

Q43. Self-Reliance means _____

A) Ability to Work Independently
B) Complete the task effectively
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above
Answer (C)

Q44. We can enhance Ability to work independently by being _____________

A) Self-aware
B) Self-motivated
C) Self-regulated
D) All of the above
Answer (D)

Q45.Which of the following is not a Stress management technique?

A) Taking Nature Walk
B) Focusing on negative aspects of life
C) Maintaining a positive attitude towards life
D) None of the above
Answer (B)

Q46. Being _________ means that you can identify your strengths and weaknesses
A) Self-Aware
B) Self Motivated
C) Self Regulated
D) None of the above
Answer (A)

Q47. Which force is within you that drives you to do things.

A) Self-Awareness

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B) Self-Regulation
C) Self-Motivation
D) None of the above
Answer (C)

Q48. What is ‘S’ in the SMART method of Goal Setting?

A) Time
B) Technique
C) Torture
D) None of these
Answer (A)

Q49. The demands to threats that cause emotional or mental or physical as well as social reactions
are known as
A) stressors
B) positive thoughts
C) attitude
D) behaviour
Answer (A)

Q50. Write Full form of ‘SMART’

A) Special, Method, Active, Rate, Time
B) Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound
C) Specific, Active, Method, Relevant, Time-bound
D) None of the above
Answer (B)

Subjective Questions of Self Management Skills

1. Describe stress and stress management in your own words.

Ans. Stress is our emotional, mental, physical and social reaction to any perceived demands or
threats.
For example, you are too close to the exams but feel unprepared.

Stress Management is about making a plan to be able to cope effectively with daily pressures.
You have to make a suitable plan for your daily life routines so that it would not put hard
pressure on you. If you are not able to manage yourself to the increasing pressure this will led to
stress.

Our main goal is to maintain a balance between life, work, relationships, relaxation and fun. By
doing this, you are able to manage stress-related problems in your daily life

2. List your favourite stress management technique and elaborate on why you find it the
most effective for you.
Ans. The stress management techniques are:

•Time Management - One of my favourite stress management technique and I think this is the
most important one. If we are able to manage time properly then there will be no pressure of
pending work on us.

• Physical exercise and fresh air - Doing yoga, meditation and deep breathing exercises help in
proper blood circulation and relaxes the body. Which will help to become more active.

• Healthy diet - Eating a balanced diet, such as Dal, Roti, vegetables and fruits will give the
strength to do daily work efficiently.

• Positivity - Focussing on negative aspects of life will add more stress. Instead, learn to look at
the good things and stay positive. For example, instead of feeling upset over scoring less in a
test, try to maintain a positive attitude and look at ways to improve the next time.

• Organising academic life - no delaying - By keeping class notes organised, finishing in

assignments on time, and keeping track of all deadlines, stress can be reduced to a great extent.

•Sleep - A good night’s sleep for at least 7 hours helps the brain and body get recharged to
function better the next day.

•Holidays with family and friends - Going to a relative’s place, such as your grandparents’
house or a new place during your summer vacations can help to break from the normal routine
and come back afresh.

3. What is Goal Setting?

Ans. Goal setting is a process that helps a person to decide where he wants to go in life. This will
help them to decide where to put their efforts to achieve that goal. After deciding the goal or aim
of life one can easily go through the process of achieving it. This gives you the motivation to
work hard.

4. In SMART goals, what does ‘S’ stand for? Explain.

Ans. In SMART goals ‘S’ stands for Specific goal. A specific and clear goal answers six
questions. Who is involved in the goal? What do I want to do? Where do I start? When do I start
and finish? Which means do I use? Why am I doing this? For Example:

Not a specific goal: “I want to become a doctor.”

Specific goal: “I want to become a doctor by studying MBBS after my school gets over. After
getting my MBBS degree I will make a hospital in my village.”

5. What is the best way to work on long-term goals?

Ans. The best way to work on long-term goals is:

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Part-1 Develop a long-term goal
• Ask yourself where you’d like to see yourself in the next few years.
• Build a goal from your board ideas.
• Write out a specific goal.
• Separate short and long-term goals.
• Assess your goal to make sure it’s manageable.

Part-2 Achieving your Long-Term Goal

• Commit to one long-term goal at a time.
• Break your goal into sub-goals.
• Set up a timetable for your goal and sub-goals.
• Work on your self-discipline.
• Develop habits that aid in accomplishing your goal.
• Review your progress regularly.
• Identify obstacles you might encounter.

Part-3 Staying Motivated for Long-Term Goals

• Take breaks regularly.
• Try to make your goal fun.
Celebrate your successes

6. What is time management and how can you manage your time?

Ans. Time management is the ability to plan and control how you spend the hours of your day
well and do all that you want to do.

The steps for effectively managing time are:

Step-1 Organise
• We plan our day-to-day activities.
• We make a timetable that we follow.
• We keep our surroundings and study table clean.
• We put things back where they belong.
• It helps us save time!

Step-2 Prioritise
• We make a to-do list that has all our activities and we rank them in the order of importance. For
example, you may rank doing homework as the most important task. It helps us to get the most
important task done first and also to track what is pending.

Step-3 Control
• We have control over our activities and time.
• We avoid time-wasters like chatting on the phone, surfing gossip sites, etc., and focus on more
important things.

Step-4 Track
• We identify and note where we have spent our time. This will help us analyse if we have used
our time effectively or not. It also helps us to identify time-wasting activities.

7. How can tracking your time help you?

Ans. Tracking your time helps you gain perspective on your life, so you can determine whether
the way you spend your time is true to your priorities and what’s important to you. By tracking
your time you can

• See how many hours you actually work.

• Can separate from the stories you tell yourself.
• Discover what your priorities actually are.
• Time feels richer.

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 Unit 3: Basic ICT Skills

Topics to Study:
Session 1: Basic Computer Operations

Session 2: Performing Basic File Operations

Session 3: Computer Care and Maintenance
Session 4: Computer Security and Privacy

In this chapter Basic Information and Communication Skills of Employability Skills class
10, you will learn about some basic knowledge of computer and its maintenance. These
skills will help you to perform daily activities of computer easily. Here, you will get to
know hardware and software information. Computer security is also a very important
thing to learn. in this chapter, you will also study how to keep your computer safe from
threats. Employability Skills class 10 unit 3: Basic ICT Skills gives you a complete
understanding of computer operations and its maintenance.

Session 1: Basic Computer Operations

ICT skills help us to communicate, run our business and stay connected with our family
and friends. Hence, every person needs to acquire ICT skills and build them to stay
updated with the latest software and applications (apps).

Computer Hardware and Software

A computer system consists of two main parts—

Hardware- The physical parts that we can see and touch are called hardware. It is the
machinery of a computer. These are the keyboard, monitor, CPU, etc.

Software: The part which cannot be seen but it makes hardware to work. Example:
Windows, MS office etc.
Operating System (OS). This is the software that starts working as soon as we switch
on a computer. It displays the desktop on the monitor. Some of the most
commonly used operating systems for laptops and desktop are Ubuntu, Microsoft
Windows and Mac OS.
Starting a Computer

To start a computer, press the Power button on the CPU. This will start the operating
system and display the desktop on the monitor.

Basic Functions performed when a computer starts a computer automatically runs a

basic program called BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) as soon as it is switched on or
the power button is pushed on. The BIOS first does a self-test. If the self-test shows that
the system is fine, the BIOS will load the Operating System.

Login and Logout

When you login to the computer with your login-ID and password (as shown in Figure
3.5), the computer knows that you are an authorised person and allows you to work on
the applications in the computer.

Shutting Down a Computer

You can shut down the windows computer clicking Star button at the bottom left corner
and then click Shut Down. When you click Shut down, the Operating System will close
all the applications and turn off the computer.

Using the Keyboard

A keyboard is an input device used to type text, numbers and commands into the
computer.

Function Keys

Keys labeled from F1 to F12 are function keys. You use them to perform specific
functions.

(a) Control keys: Keys, such as Control (CTRL), SHIFT, SPACEBAR, ALT, CAPS
LOCK and TAB, are special control keys

(b) Enter key: The label on this key can be either ENTER or RETURN, depending on
the brand of computer that you are using. You use the ENTER or the RETURN key to
move the cursor to the beginning of a new line.

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(c) Punctuation keys: Punctuation keys include keys for punctuation marks, such as
colon (:), semicolon (;), question mark (?), single quotation marks (‘ ’), and double
quotation marks (“ ”). (d)

(d) Navigation keys: Keys, such as the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, and
PAGE DOWN are navigation keys.

(e) Command keys: Keys, such as INSERT (INS), DELETE (DEL), and BACKSPACE
are command
keys. When the INSERT key is turned ON, it helps you overwrite characters to the right
of the
cursor

(f) Windows key: Pressing this key opens the Start menu

Using a Mouse
a small device that you can use to move, select and open items on your computer
screen.

Roll Over or Hover

Some actions can be done by simply rolling over or hovering over an item. When you
bring the mouse over a file in File Explorer, it will show the details of that file

Point and Click

As you move the mouse on your desk, a pointer moves correspondingly on your
screen.When you click a particular file, it gets selected

Drag and Drop

To move an item, you need to click it, and then holding the mouse button down, move
the item to a new location. After you move the item to the new location, you release the
mouse button. This is called drag and drop.

Double-click
Double-clicking means to quickly click the left mouse button twice. When we double-
click on a file, it will open the file.
Session 2: Performing Basic File Operations
Files and Folders
All information stored in a computer is kept in files.Each file is given a file name
and has a file name extension that identifies the file type.Example: .txt, .jpg, .mp3.

A folder is a location where a group of files can be stored

Basic Shortcuts

CTRL+z — undo
CTRL+y — redo
CTRL+a — select all
CTRL+x — cut
CTRL+c — copy
CTRL+v — paste
CTRL+p — print
CTRL+s — save.

Session 3: Computer Care and Maintenance

Importance of Care and Maintenance of Computers

Taking care of electronic devices, such as computer and mobiles helps them to work
properly.

Basic Tips for Taking Care of Devices

(i) Keyboard: You can clean a keyboard with a soft brush

(ii) Screen: You can wipe the screen with a soft cloth to remove any finger marks.

(iii) Handle devices carefully: Handle and move your laptop carefully and avoid dropping
or banging it against a hard surface.

(v) Keep the computer cool: If a computer, laptop or mobile device gets overheated, the
internal parts can be damaged. The CPU has an internal fan to keep it cool. We should
make sure the fan is functioning.

(vi) Do not overcharge your battery: Sometimes we keep a device plugged in for
charging even after it is fully charged.This reduces the battery life. Always unplug the
device once it
is charged 100%.

(vii) Always plug in devices carefully: Any device being connected to a laptop or
computer such as a USB drive or headphones, should be done gently. It should not be
forced into the port.

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(viii) Do not run too many programs at a time: When too many programs are running at
the same time, the computer can become slow and even crash.

Prepare a Maintenance Schedule

(a) Daily Maintenance

i. Clean up your e-mail inbox
ii. Download e-mail attachments and save in proper folders

(b) Weekly Maintenance

i. Clean your keyboard
ii. Clean your monitor
iii. Dust CPU and printer
iv. Backup your data to an external drive

(c) Monthly Maintenance

i. Transfer photographs to computer and delete from drive
ii. Organise photos into folders or albums
iii. Clean up ‘Download’ folder
iv. Uninstall unused programs and apps
v. Run disk-cleaner software
vi. Run full system virus scan

(d) Yearly/Annual Maintenance

(i) Clean up contacts list on social media accounts
(ii) Clean up e-mail contact list
(iii) Update your operating system
(iv) Check for expiry of anti-virus software
and renew

Backup Your Data

Backing up data means to save the information present on your computer on another
device, such as CD/DVD drives Data can recovered from here in case the computer
stops working completely. Computers can crash, humans can make mistakes and
natural disasters, such as floods can happen

Scanning and Cleaning Viruses

Sometimes computer viruses can enter a computer from such attacks we can install
anti-virus software. This will prevent any viruses from entering and will also clean any
viruses that may enter our system before they affect the data.

Increasing Computer Performance If we have been using a computer for a long time we
have a lot of unnecessary files and data, such as temporary files and images. When
they use too much hard-disk space, the performance of the computer goes down. It is
important that we keep cleaning by removing any extra files.

Removing SPAM from your Computer

Sometimes we get emails from companies who are advertising a product or trying to
attract you to their website. Such mails are called SPAM. We should never respond to
SPAM and delete it on a regular basis.

Session 4: Computer Security and Privacy

Threats to Computer
Threats are the ways in which personal information can be leaked from a computer
without our knowledge.

(a) Theft: Theft means stealing of information or hardware. These may be of three
types:

• Physical: Where a person may steal your desktop computer or laptop.

• Identity: Where a hacker steals your personal information and assumes your identity.
Using this false identity, the hacker can gain access to your account information or
perform illegal activity.

• Software Piracy: This is stealing of software and includes using or distributing

unlicensed and unauthorised copies of a computer program or software.

(b) Virus: Viruses are computer programs that can damage the data and software
programs or steal the information stored on a computer. Major types of viruses are
Worms and Trojan Horse.

Worms: These are viruses that replicate themselves and spread to all files once they
Information and Communication Technology Skills 81 attack a computer. This makes it
very difficult to remove them.

Trojan Horse: A Trojan Horse disguises itself i.e., it appears to be a useful software
program but once it reaches a computer it starts behaving like a virus and destroying
data.

• Online Predator: Online predators are people who trap you into inappropriate
relationships.
They may be older people posing to be your age, bullying you into doing illegal activities
online and sometimes face to face.

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• Internet Scams: Sometimes you may receive very attractive offers saying you have
won huge money in a lottery and that you can claim the prize by depositing a certain
amount of money. When you deposit the money using credit card or online banking, you
not only lose the deposit money but your card/account information may be misused
later.

Protecting your Data

(a) Use passwords to login to your computer: Use passwords that are difficult to guess.
Passwords are difficult to hack if they are a mix of small (For example ‘a b c d’) and
capital letters (For example, ‘H J E R’), numbers (For example ‘8 7 6 5’) and special
characters
(For example, ’% ^ # $’). This would prevent unauthorised people from using your
computer.

(b) Install Anti-virus and Firewall: Anti-viruses and Firewall monitor the data coming in
and out of a computer and prevent and viruses from entering. Anti-viruses can also
detect and clean viruses that may have entered a computer.

(c) Encrypt Data: This is usually done by banks and companies in which important
customer information is stored. They can encrypt their entire hard disk using the
encrypting feature in Windows (Bitlocker). This would force users to use a decryption
password (or key) before starting the computer thus preventing unauthorised usage.

(d) Secure sites: Give details of your credit card or bank account only on secure sites.
See in the address bar of the browser. If the site address starts with https://and a lock
symbol, then it is safe to give your credit card and bank details.

A. Basic ICT Skills Class 10 MCQ

Q1. Which of the following functions is not performed using a mouse?

A) Turn on

B) Hover

C) Right-click

D) Drag and Drop

Answer (A)
Q2. What is the term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the mouse
around?

A) Highlighting

B) Dragging

C) Selecting

D) Moving

Answer (B)

Q3. Which of the following is a valid file extension for Notepad file?

A) .jpg

B) .doc

C) .text (POST) starts

D) . txt

Answer (D)

Q4. Which one of the following shortcut keys is used to paste a file?

A) Ctrl + c

B) Ctrl + p

C) Ctrl + v

D) Ctrl + x

Answer (C)

Q5. What keys do you use to copy something?

A) Ctrl+x

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B) Ctrl+c

C) Ctrl+z

D) Ctrl+y

Answer (B)

Q6. What happens if you leave a device plugged in even after it is charged 100%?

A) It can break.

B) It can stop functioning.

C) It can overheat.

D) Data can get corrupt.

Answer (C)

Q7. How can an antivirus protect your device?

A) It can protect it from overheating.

B) It can increase its performance.

C) It can prevent data from getting corrupt.

D) It can backup data.

Answer (C)

Q8. Which option is not required to keep a device cool?

A) Keep the device unplugged when in use.

B) Do not cover a laptop with a blanket.

C) Make sure the computer's CPU fan is working.

D) Avoid leaving the device in the sun.

Answer (A)

Q9. Which of the following is essential for maintaining a keyboard?

A) Turn the keyboard upside down and shake it to remove foreign material.

B) Blow dust and other particles with help of a blower.

C) Use a very dilute combination of soap and water applied with a non-abrasive cloth to remove stains
from the keycaps.

D) Cover the keyboard whenever not in use

Answer (D)

Q10. What should you do to ensure secure online transactions?

A) Lock your computer

B) Give credit card or bank details only on safe websites

C) Use anti-virus

D) Do not use pirated software

Answer (B)

Q11. Which of the following trap small children into inappropriate relations?

A) Online predators

B) Worms

C) Trojan Horse

D) Anti-Virus

Answer (A)

Q12. What should a strong password consist of?

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A) Only letters

B) Numbers and special characters

C) Name of a person

D) Letters, numbers and special characters

Answer (D)

Q13. Which key is used to delete a slide in presentation

A) Backspace key

B) Delete key

C) Enter key

D) Space bar

Answer (B)

Q14. Shotcut key to open a find dialog box is

A) Ctrl+V

B) Ctrl+F

C) Ctrl+H

D) Ctrl+Z

Answer (C)

Q15. The number of alignment present are possible in MS Word

A) 2

B) 4

C) 3
D)5

Answer (B)
Trick: Left, Right, justify and centre

B. Fill in the blanks

Q1. ............ is an open-source free word processor.

Ans. Open Office Writer

Q2. ............ is the top margin of each page.

Ans. Header

Q3. ........ is the shortcut key to paste.

Ans. Ctrl+V

Q4. .......... calculations can be performed by MS Exel.

Ans. Formula based.

Q5. The simplest filter of Exel is .........

Ans. Filter.

C. Subjective Important questions of Basic ICT Skills Class 10

1. What is the function of the ENTER key?

Ans. The label on this key can be either ENTER or RETURN, depending on the brand of the
computer. The ENTER or the RETURN key is used to move the cursor to the beginning of a
new line. In some programs, it is used to confirm the work which is being done.

2. How will you prevent others from using your computer?

Page 45 of 63
Ans. To prevent computers from being used by unauthorized persons it must be locked when
the users are not working on it. This will ensure that no unauthorised person can see or make
changes to our information without taking our permission. To make sure the computer is locked,
the login IDs and passwords must be created. A login ID and password is like a key to the lock
which allows the user to use the computer only if the entered login ID and password match with
the computer database. Once finished the work, the user must log out or sign out so that no one
else can see the work.

3. How is a computer file system similar to our physical file system in a school?

Ans. In any school, each teacher has a separate cabinet where they keep the files of different
students or classes on separate shelves. Similarly, information on a computer is stored in
electronic files, which can be put into separate folders. It is easier to manage the electronic files
as they can be simply copied, moved, renamed or even deleted.

4. What are the steps you will perform to save a text file in Ubuntu? Ans. The steps to
save a text file in Ubuntu are:

1) Click on the Save button.

2) The Save As dialogue box appears.

3) Browse to the Desktop folder, where you want to save a file.

4) Type the name of the file.

5) Click on Save.

5. Explain how to clean a computer on a daily basis. Ans. The ways to clean a computer
on a daily basis are:

(i) Keyboard: Clean a keyboard with a soft brush to remove crumbs and dust particles.

(ii) Screen: Wipe the screen with a soft cloth to remove any finger marks.

(iii) Be careful with food and drinks: Avoid eating and keeping glasses of water or cups of
coffee near a computer.

(iv) Handle devices carefully: Handle and move your laptop carefully and avoid dropping or
banging it against a hard surface.

(v) Keep the computer cool: If a computer, laptop or mobile device gets overheated, the
internal parts can be damaged. The CPU has an internal fan to keep it cool. We should make
sure the fan is functioning. Avoid leaving a device in the sun or in a closed car. We should be
careful when using a laptop while sitting in bed and make sure that the fan is not covered.

(vi) Do not overcharge your battery: Sometimes we keep a device plugged in for charging
even after it is fully charged. If we leave the device plugged in for a long time, it can overheat
the battery. This reduces the battery life. Always unplug the device once it is charged 100%.

(vii) Always plug in devices carefully: Any device being connected to a laptop or computer
such as a USB drive or headphones, should be done gently. It should not be forced into the
port. If you find it difficult to plug in a device, change the direction and try instead of trying to
force it in.

(viii) Do not run too many programs at a time: When too many programs are running at the
same time, the computer can become slow and even crash. If a program/app is not being used,
it should be closed so that other programs can work smoothly.

6. How can you increase the performance of a computer? Ans. The ways to increase the
performance of a computer are:

1) Uninstall unnecessary software

2) Limit the programs at the startup

3) add more RAM to your PC

4) Check for spyware and viruses

5) Use Disk Cleanup and defragmentation

6) Consider a startup SSD

7. Explain how the Trojan Horse virus works.

Ans. A Trojan horse, or Trojan, is a type of malicious code or software that looks legitimate but
can take control of your computer. It is designed to harm your computer without knowing you. It
can steal the data, manage or change the data by itself. This will harm your computer or
network.

8. List the various ways you can use to protect your data.

Ans. The various ways to protect our data from theft and viruses are:

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(a) Use passwords to log in to your computer: Use passwords that are difficult to guess.
Passwords are difficult to hack if they are a mix of small (For example ‘a b c d’) and capital
letters (For example, ‘H J E R’), numbers (For example ‘8 7 6 5’) and special characters (For
example, ’% ^ # $’). This would prevent unauthorised people from using your computer.

(b) Install Anti-virus and Firewall: Anti-viruses and Firewalls monitor the data coming in and
out of a computer and prevent viruses from entering. Anti-viruses can also detect and clean
viruses that may have entered a computer.

(c) Encrypt Data: This is usually done by banks and companies in which important customer
information is stored. They can encrypt their entire hard disk using the encryption feature in
Windows (Bitlocker). This would force users to use a decryption password (or key) before
starting the computer thus preventing unauthorised usage.

(d) Secure sites: Give details of your credit card or bank account only on secure sites. See in
the address bar of the browser. If the site address starts with https://and a lock symbol, then it is
safe to give your credit card and bank details
 Unit 4: Class X- Entrepreneurial Skills
Topics to Study

 Entrepreneurship and society.

 Qualities and functions of an entrepreneur.
 Role and importance of an entrepreneur.
 The myth about entrepreneurship.
 Entrepreneurship as a career option.
In this chapter, you are going to read about Entrepreneurial Skills. This will help you to become an
entrepreneur. Entrepreneur means the person who provides a service to society. In easy words, you can
say that entrepreneurs are the businessman,. This does not mean only big businessmen, an entrepreneur
can be a small businessman too. Their new idea of a product makes them different from the rest people.
Here you will learn the qualities of an entrepreneur, his importance and role. Entrepreneur can be a career
option for you. Unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills of employability Skills class 10 provides you the complete
knowledge to become an entrepreneur.

Session 1: Entrepreneurship and Society

Entrepreneurs run their businesses in a market. The market has people who buy products and
services and people who sell them also. When people are buying and selling from each other, it
is helpful for everyone because everyone involved makes money. This is how entrepreneurs
help in growing the area and society they live in.

what do entrepreneurs do when they run their business?

Fulfil Customer Needs

Demand means a product or service that people want. Entrepreneurs find out what people want.
Then, they use their creativity to come up with a business idea that
will meet that demand.

Use Local Materials

Entrepreneurs use the material and people available around them, to make products at low
cost.

Help Society
Entrepreneurs have a positive relationship with society. They make profits through activities that
benefit society. Some entrepreneurs work towards saving the environment, some give money to
build schools and hospitals. This way, the people and area around them becomes better.

Create Jobs
With the growth of a business, entrepreneurs look for more people to help them. They buy more
material, and from more people. The also hire more people to work for

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them. In this way, more people have jobs. Sharing of Wealth Wealth means having enough
money to live a comfortable life. As entrepreneurs grow their business, the people

Lower Price of Products

As more entrepreneurs sell the same product, the price of the product goes down. For example,
when more mobile phones were getting sold in India, the cost of the
phone became lesser.

Bharti, the Jewellery Queen ( A Story)

Bharti is a young woman from Bihar. Many girls in her area like to wear earrings. She buys jute
from a farmer and makes earrings from that. Her business is called Manavi Natural Handicrafts.
She sees that most women in her village do not work. So, she hires two women to help her. As
her orders increase, she buys more jute. She hires three more women to work for her. The
farmer, and the women working for her now earn more money.

Session 2: Qualities and Functions of an Entrepreneur

Qualities of an Entrepreneur

Functions of an Entrepreneur
Session 3: Myths about Entrepreneurship
Misconceptions
1. The misconception is that every business idea needs to be unique or special.

2. The misconception we have is that a person needs a lot of money to start a business.

3. A misconception we have is that only a person having a big business is an entrepreneur.

4. A misconception we have is that entrepreneurs are born, not made.

Session 4: Entrepreneurship as a Career Option

A career is a line of work that a person takes for life. There are two ways a person can earn a
living.

1. self-employment
2. wage employment

A person who becomes an entrepreneur goes through a career process. This process is as
follows:

ENTER
When an entrepreneur is starting, they are just entering the market to do business.
For example, Sanjana is starting a small grocery store in a locality.

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SURVIVE
There are many entrepreneurs in the market. The entrepreneur has to remain in a competitive
market.
For example, there are many other grocery stores in the area. Yet, Sanjana’s store survives
the competition and does well. She also expands the store to two more floors.

GROW
Once the business is stable, an entrepreneur thinks about expanding his or her business.
For example, after five years, Sanjana has opened a chain of four more grocery stores in the
same city. In the next two years, she plans to expand to tow other cities.

Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 Question and Answer

In unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills of Employability Skills Class 10 you will read about some basic concepts
of Entrepreneurial Skills. These skills are very helpful for your career as these skills empower you to
learn how to become an entrepreneur. It gives you the knowledge to understand the basic functioning and
challenges of being an entrepreneur. Here you will also learn some management techniques of an
Entrepreneur. After reading this chapter completely you must test yourself by giving the test of this
chapter. Here we have provided you with plenty of questions and answers of unit 4: Entrepreneurial Skills
of Employability Skills Class 10. You will find some MCQs which will test your understanding of the
chapters and also some subjective Questions of Employability Skills Class 10 so that you will be full
prepared for the examination. Please learn these questions which are provided here. This will definitely
boost your confidence to sit in the examination and get good marks.

Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10 MCQ

A. Here are some stories of some entrepreneurs. Tick the option for the quality they are
showing.

1. Ravi’s customer comes to his store and starts shouting at him. He does not get angry.
He listens to what his customer is saying. He is...........................

(a) hardworking

(b) confident
(c) patient

(d) prying new ideas

2. Susheela decides to sell her company tyres in Sri Lanka. It does not sell and she has a
loss. She apologises to the people who work for her. She says she will plan better next
time. She...............................

(a) takes responsibility for your mistakes

(b) thinks before making a decision

(c) does not give up

(d) is creative

B. Tick the correct option for the function that the entrepreneur is doing.

1. Ali has a diamond factory. He pays his employees on the 1st of every month.

(a) Creates a new product

(b) Manages the business

(c) Takes risk

2. Mary buys bulbs for her business from Noida. She learns that bulbs are cheaper in
Faridabad. So, she decides to start buying bulbs from there.

(a) Makes decisions

(b) Divides income

(c) Takes risk

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3. Rehnuma has two people who work for her. Every day, she spends one hour with them
to learn about what they’ve done that day.

(a) Creates a new product

(b) Divides income

(c) Manages the business

C. Write against the option, if the business idea is of self-employment or wage

employment.

(a) Cooking in a restaurant Ans. Wage Employment

(b) Owning a clothing business Ans. Self Employment

(c) Having a dosa selling stall Ans. Self Employment

D. WriteTrue or False

1. Entrepreneurs can create jobs in the market. True

2. When many entrepreneurs sell mobile phones in a market, the prices of phones increase.
False

3. Entrepreneurs identify a need in the market and build a product or service for it. True

E. Match each story below with the misconception about entrepreneurship.

Story Misconception
 Ramu owns a large clothes shop. Shamu has a
small store selling handmade sarees. Shamu a) Every business idea needs
does not call himself an entrepreneur. Ans. (c) to be unique or special.

Anna has a great idea for a website. She has

5,000. She is waiting for ` 20,000 more, so that (b) Entrepreneurs are born, not
she can start it. Ans. (d) made.

In a city of thousands of tailoring shops, Gauri is (c) A person needs to have a

a tailor who stitches good quality clothes and has big business to be called an
a very successful business. Ans. (a) entrepreneur.

F. Match the columns

1. Surabhi opens 5 painting stores across India. Ans. (c) a. Enter

2. There are many coaching classes in Mumbai. Jacob

owns one of them. He is starting morning batches to attract
more students to his classes. Ans. (b) b. Survive
3. Salma has started her clothing line on the Internet. Ans.
(a) c. Grow

G. Subjective question of Entrepreneurial Skills Class 10

1. List the ways in which an entrepreneur affects a society. Ans. The ways in which an
entrepreneur affects a society are:

Fulfil Customer Needs: Entrepreneurs find out what people want. Then, they use their
creativity to come up with a business idea that will meet that demand.

Use Local Materials: Entrepreneurs use the material and people available around them, to
make products at low cost.

Help Society: They make profits through activities that benefit society. Some entrepreneurs
work towards saving the environment, some give money to build schools and hospitals. This
way, the people and area around them becomes better.

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Create Jobs: With the growth of a business, entrepreneurs look for more people to help them.
They buy more material, and from more people.The also hire more people to work for them.

Sharing of Wealth: As entrepreneurs grow their business, the people working for them and in
related businesses also grow.

Lower Price of Products: As more entrepreneurs sell the same product, the price of the
product goes down. For example, when more mobile phones were getting sold in India, the cost
of the phone became lesser.

2. What do you think are the important functions of an entrepreneur? Write your answer
giving suitable examples.

Ans. The functions of an entrepreneur are:

Making Decisions: An entrepreneur makes decisions everyday. This includes what to produce
or sell, how much and where to sell.

Managing the Business: An entrepreneur plans the future of his or her business. He/she
arranges for raw material, hires people for work and tells everyone what to do. They also check
if the plan is being followed.

Divide Income: The entrepreneur divides the business money into many groups. He/she
spends money to buy material, pays rent of the building and salaries to people.

Taking Risk: Risk is the chance of something going wrong. An entrepreneur takes risks against
fires, lost items and theft.

Create a new Method, Idea or Product: An entrepreneur is always trying new things. He/she
does this to increase their importance and income.

3. What is the difference between a misconception and reality? Give an example. Ans.
The difference between misconception and reality are:

Misconception: A myth, or a misconception, is a false belief or opinion about something. For

example, if we think tall people run faster than short people, we have a misconception. It is not
true. The truth is that short people can also run fast.

Reality: Reality means the things which actually exist. It may happen that it appears or nor. You
may have unnoticed it but in actual it exists. In other words, the reality is all the things which has
real existence irrespective of appearance or not.

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 Chapter 5- Class X- Green Skills

Topics to Study :
Session 1: Society and Environment
Session 2: Our Role in Sustainable

In this chapter Green Skills of Employability Skills Class 10, you will read about the process of
development which does not cause harm to nature. Basically, you are going to learn about
Sustainable Development. Here you will also get to know different sustainable development
goals. The process by which we can also contribute to sustainable development. Class 10
employability skills Unit 5 deals with different sustainable development goals of a green
economy. Read these notes careful this will help you to understand Green Skills in a very easy
way.

Session 1: Society and Environment

Over the years, with economic development, there has been an increase in environmental
pollution. For example, with the introduction of high input agriculture, we can grow more food by
using fertilisers, pesticides and hybrid crops. But it has led to soil and environmental
degradation. We need to plan the use of resources in a sustainable manner so that we and
our future generations can enjoy a good environment.

What is Sustainable Development?

Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the needs of the present without
compromising the capacity of future generations, guaranteeing the balance between economic
growth, care for the environment and social well-being.

Importance of Sustainable Development

Sustainable development is defined as ‘development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ (World
Commission on Environment and Development, 1987). For example, sustainable agriculture
consists of environment-friendly methods of farming that allow the production of agricultural
crops or livestock without damage to human or natural systems. It also involves preventing the
use of chemicals so as to avoid adverse effects to soil, water and biodiversity.

Problems Related to Sustainable Development

Three major problems related to sustainable development are:

(a) Food: The amount of rich, fertile land needed to grow crops, such as wheat, rice, etc., is
becoming less as we are using up more and more land for other purposes. Soil nutrients are
also getting depleted and lots of chemicals are spoiling the soil due to use of chemical fertilisers.
(b) Water: We use fresh water from rivers and ponds for drinking and cleaning but dump
garbage into them. The rivers and ponds are getting polluted. This way after several years, we
will have no clean water for our use.

(c) Fuel: We are using a lot of wood from trees as fuels and for construction of homes and
furniture. As more and more trees are being cut, it is affecting the climate of the place. Extreme
weather conditions, such as floods, extreme cold or heat, are seen in many places, which affect
the people living there.

Sustainable development includes

• reducing excessive use of resources and enhancing resource conservation;
• recycling and reuse of waste materials;
• scientific management of renewable resources, especially bio-resources;
• planting more trees; green grassy patches and trees to be interspersed between concrete
buildings;
• using more environment friendly material or biodegradable material and
• use of technologies, which are environmental friendly and based on efficient use of resources.

Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were launched at the United Nations
Sustainable Development Summit in New York in September 2015, forming the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development. It has set targets that the countries have to should work towards
and achieve by 2030.

The 17 SDGs have been made with the aim to take care of important issues facing businesses,
governments and society. Some of these issues are poverty, gender
equality, water use, energy, climate change and biodiversity. Countries are now making policies
and regulations that will promote sustainable systems needed in all economic sectors to provide
a secure, affordable and sustainable economy.

Sustainable Development Initiatives

When plastics were banned by the municipal corporation of Mangalore, an innovator and
entrepreneur Mr Avasth Hedge found an eco-friendly alternative. He made a 100 per cent bio-
degradable bag which can dissolve in hot water and decompose in natural environment. This is
now being used in many countries and is going to help the environment.

Another innovative idea was to stop the use of plastics spoons, forks, etc. Narayana Peesapaty
made edible cutlery made out of a grain — these spoons can be eaten and even if they are not
eaten they will easily decompose in the soil enriching it

Sustainable Processes

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Some practices, such as organic farming, vermi-composting and rainwater harvesting are being
used to help preserve the environment. Organic farming is where farmers do not use
chemical pesticides and fertilisers to increase their production. They use organic and natural
fertilisers, such as cow dung to help in growing crops. This helps in better quality chemical free
crops while at the same time maintaining the soil quality for future use.

Session 2: Our Role in Sustainable

Sustainable development can actually happen only when each one of us works towards it. We
have to become responsible environment citizens who can protect the environment through our
own efforts. Here are some basic ways in which people can help towards Sustainable
Development Goals.

Quality Education
Education is the most important factors for sustainable development. Children who have gone to
school will be able to do jobs so that they can take care of themselves and their families.
Education helps us become aware of our role as a responsible citizen. We should
1. use the facilities present in our areas.
2. take our friends to school.
3. help friends study.
4. stop friends from dropping out of school.

Clean Water and Sanitation

We must make efforts to make India free of open defecation by building toilets and creating
awareness
towards sanitation.

Affordable and Clean Energy

Using solar power i.e., power generated using the sun does not cause pollution as it does not
require burning of non-renewable fuels, such as coal. We are making efforts to increase the
solar power generation so that our electricity needs are met and at the same time we do not
pollute the environment

Decent Work and Economic Growth

We can
(a) study and find good jobs to take care of ourselves and our families.
(b) work hard and contribute to society.
(c) learn and develop skills so that we get add value in our community.

Reduced Inequalities
To reduce inequalities we can
1. be helpful to one another.
2. be friendly with everyone.
3. include everyone while working or playing.
4. help others by including everyone whether they are small or big, girl or boy, belong to any
class or caste.

Sustainable Cities and Communities

Creating Sustainable Cities
1. Save energy by switching off lights and fans when not in use.
2. Use natural light as much as possible.
3. Use energy-efficient lights (LED bulbs) and appliances.

Responsible Consumers and Producers

We can become responsible about our own environment by
1. reusing paper, glass, plastic, water, etc.
2. taking cloth bags to market carrying fruits and vegetables.
3. donate things we do not use such as clothes, books, furniture, food, etc.
4. Buy and eat seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers.
5. Repair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water.
6. Sort and treat garbage before disposing.

Protect Life Below Water

Tons of plastic is found in the seas, which is killing marine life. Protecting marine life, saving our
oceans from pollution is necessary to preserve the marine life.

Protect Life on Land

Cutting of trees is leading to soil erosion and making land dry and unusable for cultivation.
Planting more tree to replace the ones that we have cut is an important step towards
sustainable development.
1. How many sustainable development goals are given by the United Nations?

(a) 18
(b) 17
(c) 15
(d) 20

2. Choose the option which defines sustainable development.

(a) Taking care of future generations

(b) Taking care of only ourselves
(c) Taking care of ourselves and the future generations
(d) Well-being of all

3. Which organisation has made the Sustainable Development Goals.

(a) United Nations

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(b) League of Nations
(c) UNICEF
(d) World Health Organisation

4. Which of the following sources of energy is from a renewable source?

(a) Solar energy

(b) Wood
(c) Coals
(d) Petrol

5. Choose the option which is not a sustainable development goal according to the
United Nations.

(a) Clean Water and Sanitation

(b) Gender Equality
(c) Population
(d) Reduced Inequalities

Subjective Questions of Green Skills Class 10

1. What is the meaning of sustainable development?

Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the needs of the present without
compromising the capacity of future generations, guaranteeing the balance between economic
growth, care for the environment and social well-being

2. Why do you think the United Nations has made the 17 Sustainable Development
Goals?

The 17 SDGs have been made to take care of important issues facing businesses, governments
and society. Some of these issues are poverty, gender equality, water use, energy, climate
change and biodiversity. Countries are now making policies and regulations that will promote
sustainable systems needed in all economic sectors to provide a
secure, affordable and sustainable economy.

3. List some ways in which we can use resources sensibly

We can become responsible for our own environment by
1. reusing paper, glass, plastic, water, etc.
2. taking cloth bags to market carrying fruits and vegetables.
3. donate things we do not use such as clothes, books, furniture, food, etc.
4. Buy and eat seasonal fruits and vegetables from local growers.
5. Repair leaking taps and pipes to avoid wasting water.
6. Sort and treat garbage before disposing of.

4. Explain the importance of education on sustainable development.

Education is the most important factors for sustainable development. Children who have gone to
school will be able to do jobs so that they can take care of themselves and their families.
Education helps us become aware of our role as a responsible citizen. We should
1. use the facilities present in our areas.
2. take our friends to school.
3. help friends study.
4. stop friends from dropping out of school.

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