Unit-1 Communication Skills-l|

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

We all need to share our ideas or pass information to different people and interact with them
with full confidence. Efficient communication is the most important aspect while interacting with
people.
cOMMUNICATION
Communication is the process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings
information, etc., about any topic.
The term 'communication' is derived from the latin word 'communicare which means to share.
Communication is effective when the receiver understands what the sender says. It includes all
procedures by which one mind may affect another or pass information to another. It involves
not only written and oral speech but also music, pictures, videos, etc. Communication skills are
required for effective communication with people in an office, customers or public speaking.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Correct methods of communication depends on factors like target audience, cost of channel, type
of information and priority of messages. Based on modes of expression, communication can be
categorized as verbal, non-verbal and visual communications.
Communication Skills 17
 Verbal Communication

VerbalCommunication
Non-Verbal Communication A
Visual Communication

It is one of the usual ways of communication that involve direct interactionand instant response whether
it be oral or written communication. Oral or spoken communication involves face to face conversation,
telephonic conversation, etc. between two or more people. It can be formal or informal. Written
communication includes expressingviews and ideas in textual form. It can be a typed messages in the
form of an e-mail, SMS or any other format.
Types of Verbal Communication
There are many types of Verbal Communication:
Interpersonal Communication: This form of communication takes place between two individuals
where one-on-one conversation takes place. For example, Ateacher discussing the activities with the
students.

Written Communication: This form of communication involves letters, circulars, reports, manuals,
SMS, social media chats, etc. For example, a Parent writing an application e-mail to Principal.
Small Group Communication: Her interaction between more than two people takes place. For
example Each participant can interact in group discussion.
Public Communication: In this type of communication one individual addresses a large gathering.
For example, Seminars and Public Speeches.
Advantages of Verbal Communication
1. We can exchange ideas by saying what we want and getting a quick response.
2. It enables you to keep changing your interaction as per response of the other person or target
audience.

Disadvantages of VerbalCommunication
1. Sometimes the meaning can be confusing and difficult to understand.
2. Words used while speaking may not be appropriate and correct.
Mastering Verbal Communication
Vou can enhance and master your verbal communication skills to
Overcome nervousness by taking care
of following points:
1. Always think before you speak.
2. Be Concise and Clear while sharing information.
3. Maintain body language, eye contact and be confident.

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Non-Verbal Communication
Itisa way of communication that involves all types of non-verbal actions in an interactive environmen.
The message is conveyed without sound ie. with the use of symbols, gestures, eye contact, facial
expression, body anguage, etc.
Types of Non-Verbal Communication
Facial Expression like Anger, Fear or happiness can be used effectively.
C Posture like relaxed body while standing builds confidence.
Gestures like raising hands can express your idea.
Touch like shaking hands can encourage a person.
Paralanguage includes tone, volume 'oe' speed of expressions.
Space should be maintained while formalor informal communication.

and Pausey corhs

Communication
ACTIVITY: Arranging a Group Task

Separate your friends into groups of two and ask one person from each group to non-verbally
enact the word given by the another group to guess. The word can be a movie name.

Visual Communication
It is away of communication inwhich message is conveyed in an imagery form. It can be in the form
of signs, pictography, films and many more. All images and symbols like traffic signals, sign boards or
direction signals at malls, roads, etc. are alleffective ways of expressing ideas.
DO NOT

ENTER

IcOMMUNICATION CYCLE
Communication is a two-way exchange of information. The communication cycle involves:
Sender: Sender selects the desired medium and sends the information.
Encoding: In verbal and visual communication, the message is converted from one system to another
system in the form of codes. It is the creation of message in another form.

Communication Skills 19
 For example, when we send message on smart-phone to someone, the message is encoded in the
form of0s & 1sand is transmitted through satellite.
Channel: Channel is a medium through which the information is transferred. It can be air (oral), wire
(telephone), satellite (e-mail), etc.
Decoding: The process of converting encoded COMMUNICATE
infomation into understandable form is called
Decoding. For example, when we receive a message
on our smartphone, the message is decoded from the SENDER COMMUNICATION RECEIVER
T
Os and ls form to the language that we understand. CYCLE
F
Receiver: Receiver is a person to whom the message
is directed.
Feedback: Feedback is a response of the receiver
after perceiving the message. It enables the sender to FEEDBACK

evaluate the effectiveness of the message.

Importance of Feedback
When you wear a new dress and ask your mother, "how am I looking in this dress?", then your mother
replies with the feedback. In communication, feedback is an important part. It is defined as the response
given to the sender by the receiver The feedback makes the sender aware, whether the message is
received suCcessfully or not, whether the receiver liked it or not, whether the choice of the channel was
appropriate or not.
Specific information in the form of written comments and oral conversation is descriptive feedback. This
type of feedback is often shared by teacher and student in order to help the student improve further.
Specific feedback provides specific and detailed information and is more focused on a particular topic
after observation, whereas non-specific feedback is very general as the receiver does not think about the
message in depth. For example,the expressions such as "good job!", "youdid great!", etc. No feedback is
also treated as a feedback that indicates agreement of views and ideas.
Feedback is like a backbone in the entire process of communication. It is important as:
It shows the receiver is interactive.
It sustains the communication process.
It is a basis of measuring the effectiveness of communication.
Positive feedback motivates an individual to do the task even better.
Negative feedback helps to improve the task and enhance the performance of the sender.

|BARRIERS IN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

The process of communication has multiple barriers. Barriers are obstacles or difficulties that come in
the
way of communication. They are the hurdles or problems which affect the transmission of information
from the sender to the receiver in the communication process. No matter what the
nature of obstacles
in communication is, all the obstacles are clubbed under a common label i.e.. "NOISE"
Noise is an undesirable input due to which communication barriers enter the
communication process
cause distortion of the message.

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Types of Barriers
Following are the common types of barriers in communication:
Physical Barrier: Physical barrier separates people due to space and working environment, where
closed doors hinder the communication. In this case face to face interaction is very less. It can be
distance between people, a noisy system near telephone, poorlighting, bad health and many more.
Perceptual Barrier: Messages are interpreted according to viewpoint and past experience of receiver. This
can create misunderstanding as the viewpoint of the sender might be different from that of the receiver.
Linguistic & Cultural Barrier: A language is an expression of thoughts and experiences of people in
terms of their cultural environment. Each major region has its own language and culture. It can be a
barrier when a person does not know the l£nguage and culture of the target audience.
Mechanical Barrier: This type of barrier is caused by the channelor medium itself. Channel becomes
the barrier when it is interfered with some disturbances which prevent some of the elements of the
message to reach their destination. For example, sometimes the voice of a person in a phone call
breaks down due to network problem. Here the channel is the barrier itself.
Gender Barrier: Style of communication between men and women has generated barriers. The

speech pattern and gender stereotypes cause gender barriers.

Emotional Barrier: Emotions like fear, anger or happiness can create misunderstanding. It could be
due to childhood instances which hold back people from expressing their views.
Attitudinal Barrier: Behaviour patterns like doubting, nagging habit or withdrawal that distance
communication.
people from one another cause barriers. They all interfere in effective

Measures to Overcome Barriers

Followingare some of the measures to overcome barriers:
receiver
Eliminating Differences in Perception: "Know your audience" by trying to assess the needs of the
or experience.
and planningyour messages accordingly. Evaluate the variables like age, sex, culture
efficiently. Use of
Use of Simple Language: Use of simple and clear words help to communicate
ambiguous words andjargons should be avaidedl wcrds wich as hot ca,ysavd
Reduction and Elimination of Noise Level: The source of noise should be identified and eliminated.
Active Listening: Listening is hearing with proper understanding of the message. Listen attentively to
avoid misunderstandings.
Face to face Interaction: It can ensure that your message has been understood through facial
expression or tone. Acknowledge the other person's views by asking questions.
Proper Media Selection: The medium of communication should be selected properly and the
message should cater to the needs of the targeted audience.
Communication Skils 21
Ihere are some common barriers to effective communicationwhich we must avoid:
1. Second guessing the sender: Sometimes the speaker is misunderstood as the audience is in a hurry to
finish the sentence for the speaker. It takes away from the speaker the opportunity to compete his speech.
2. Stereotyping:It prevents us from effective listening when we form amindset about aspeaker.
3. Halo effect: It is also a form of stereotyping, where we make up our mind usually positive about
someone based on only asingle characteristic like their mannerisms. Asa resut, we are unable to see
any negatives in this person. in when ene asuAes hat
phaavach i% also ay overol good, 60 eyic
4. Gender barrier: It issaid that meh listeh much less than women do. Also those in high position
listen less tothose who are lower in hierarchy. Other than this, day dreaming, fatigue or planning also
distract listening.
| PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
Communication is a basic need for human. Some principles must be followed for effective communication,
which are:
Clarity in Ideas: It should be clear to the sender what is to be conveyed. The clearer the thought, the
more effective is the communication.
Appropriate Language: Ideas should be communicated in a simple and understandable language.
Technical words and word with multiple meanings should be avoided.
Attention: The purpose of communication is that the receiver understands the message and gives
feedback. It is only possible if the message is of the receiver's interest.
Consistency: Communication should maintain consistency in its objectives. There should be similarity
in the flow of information.
Adequacy: The information sent to the receiver should be sufficient and complete in every aspect.
Incomplete information is harmful.
Proper Time: The message should reach the receiver whenever it is needed, late messages are
meaningless as the utility of communication is reduced.
Feedback: Feedback is essential as the sender gets to know how the message has been interpreted.
It clarifies whether two way exchange is success or not.
Proper Medium: Choosing a proper medium as per requirement is necessary.
7C's of Communication
We must follow the 7C's rules of communication, which are:
Concise: One should stick to the point and keep it short. Human mind gets fed up of lengthy and
repetitive information. If the message is concise, it will grab the audience's attention.
Concrete: The meaning of the message should be strong, so that audience understands easily what
e sarlo clo
the message wants to convey.contteta we4asc ae not milin ternet
Correct: The communication should be error free. One should always convey right things without
misleading the audience.
Clarity: While communicating, be clear about the goal of message. Be sure about the purpose of
communicating with the audience.
Coherent All points of the message should connect to each other and should be relevant to the main topic.
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 Complete: The message should be complete and include all the relevant information.
Courteous: The communication shouldbe honest, respectful and friendly.There should not be any
hidden insults or passive aggressive tones that indicate rudeness.

see

tion
also
a
SENTENCE AND ITS KINDS
1on,
Asentence is agroup ofwords giving acomplete thought. Asentence must contain a subject anda verb.
the There are mainly four types of sentences. Let us learn about them.
Declarative Sentence
ge. Adeclarative sentence states a fact and ends witha full stop. For examples:
" I love my mother. " My car is black.
ves
Imperative Sentence
mark or
An imperative sentence is a command, a polite request or an advice. It ends with an exclamation
ity
a full stop. For examples:
Bring me aglass of water. Get out of my way!
ct
Interrogative Sentence
re An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark. For examples:
Are you ready to go? " Do you have a pen?

d Exclamatory Sentence
mark. For examples:
An exclamatory sentence expresses excitementor emotion. It ends with an exclamation
Wow! This is a brilliant idea! How strange it was!

PHRASE
ofa clause
phrase is a group of words that stand together as a single grammatical unit, typically as part
A
or a sentence.
thought.
A phrase does not contain a subject and a verb and consequently cannot convey a complete
Aphrase contrasts with aclause. Aclause does contain asubject and a verb and can convey a
complete idea

For example: Janet eats cake daily.

words.)
(Thissentence has no phrases. All parts of the sentence are single
Mycousin Janet eats cake daily. (Now we have a phrase. It's a three word phrase functioning as the subject
of this sentence. Note that the phrase itself does not contain its own subject and verb. Let's say S for
subject, O for object, Vfor verb and P for phrase.
Communication Skills 23
 The horse (S] runs (V] at agood speed[P].
Alot of (Plpeople(S] do not sleep [V] at night[O]. The
doi
" He(S] sacrificed [V) his life (O] for the sake[P)of his country[O.
help
Here
Types of Phrase
There are 5 types of phrases:
Adverb Phrase
An adverb phrase is simply agroup of two or more words that function as an adverb in a sentence. Adverb
phrases typically answer the questions how, where, why or when something was done. For examples:
Iparked the car here. " Iparked the car right here. Ther
" Iparked the car right here under the bridge. adje
The
Prepositional Phrase mea
A prepositional phrase is agroup of words that consist of a preposition, its object (which willbe a noun Worc
or a pronoun) and any words that modify the object. For examples: used
A singer with passion. Atown near London.
spe
Keep in time. He acts without thinking. of a

Adjective Phrase
An adjective phrase is agroup of words that describe a noun or pronoun in a sentence. The adjective in (No
A no
an adjective phrase can appear at the start, end or in the middle of the phrase. The adjective phrase can nou
be placed before or after the noun or pronoun in the sentence. For examples: subj
The movie was not so terrible. Aperson smarter than me needs to figure this out. For
The final exams were unbelievably difficult. This pie is very delicious and extremely expensive. quic
Noun Phrase
Anoun phrase is a group of words that work together to name and describe a person, place, thing, or (Prc
Apr
idea. When we look at the structure of writing, we treat a noun phrase the same way we treat a
common For
noun. For examples:
quic
I enjoyplaying tennis. Did you enjoy reading this book?
He hopes to win the first prize. He refused to answer the question. (Ver
A ve
Verb Phrase
Averb phrase can be the predicate of asentence or aclause. In this case, there will usually be a helping ("Sh
num
verb in addition to the verb. For examples:
For
The author is writing a new book. Imust make an 'A in this class.
disa
The dog might eat the cake. He was walking to work today.
We grew apart after high school. (Ad
An
PARTS OF SENTENCE whi
For
We all know that almost all English sentences have a subject and verb while some also have an obiect.
disa
Subject describes a person or thing that pertorms an action. Verb describes the action. Object describes
person or thing that receives the action.

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 to whm
uastiy
Ihe subject of a sentence is aperson, place, thing or idea. For example, "I like to travel," the subject 1 Is
doing action of travelling. Objects provide further information that isn't necessarily required.
They are
helptul, though, because they further explain the action of the verb. For example, she is
Here, water is the object. Verb is an action in the sentence. For drinking water.
example, Jyoti eats cake. The verb Is edts.
The woman [S] built [V] a strong
stone wall [O].
The children [S] eat [V] buns, cakes and
biscuits [O].
The professor (S] threw [V] an
dverb PARTS OF SPEECH
orange [O].

There are eight parts of speech: noun, Noun

pronoun, verb,
adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Adverb Verb
The parts of speech indicate how a word functions in
noun meaning as wellas grammarwithin a sentence.An individual Parts of
Interjection Pronoun K
word can function as more than one part of speech when Speech
used in different circumstances. Understanding parts of
speech is essential for determining the correct definition Conjunction Adjective
of a word when using the dictionary. Preposition

ve in
(Noun As a' gir
A noun is a name of a person, place, thing or idea. Proper nouns always start with a capitalletter, common
Can
nouns do not) Nouns can function in different roles within a sentence. For example, a
noun can be a
subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement or object of a preposition.
Out.
For Example: Oh my God! The young girl brought me a very long etter from the teacher and then she
sive.
quickly disappeared. Diretr tn d'vect obiect
Pronoun Dont ave what2 a bank accot Direct obje bylhc
, or
A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun.)
non
For Example: Oh my God! The young girl brought me avery long letter from the teacher and then she
quickly disappeared. Rahul bouplt a btke aud ho cs
(Verb
A verb expresses action. There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping verbs.)
("She can sing." Sing is the main verb; can is the helping verb.) A verb must agree with its subject in
ing number (both are singular or plural).
For Example: The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher and then she ouickiy
disappeared.

{Adjective
An adiective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun. It usually
answers the question of
which one, what kind or how many.)
ct. For example: The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher and then she quickly
es disappeared. a beautful biko
Communication Skills 25
(Adverb another adverb but never anoun. It usualk Dasi
An adverb describes or modifies averb, an adiective or and
questions of when, where, how, why, under what conditions or to what degree, Adverbs often
answers the whe
end in y.
the teacher and then she quickly Ele
tor exanmple: The young girl brought me a very long letter from Ther
disappeared. Rahuthe oike Alswy Uni
Preposition d Unit
word in the IS ex
preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another
A
sentenceThe prepositional phrase always functions as an adjective or adverb. uniti

For exampie: The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teqcher and then she quickly
Ord
disappeared. Tw bsok i on h table
Orde
orde
Conjunction defir
TA Conjunction joins words, phrases or clauses and indicates the relationship between the elements you'
joined. Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equalelements: and, but, o, nor, for, so, yet Coh
etc. Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses that are not equal: because, although, while, since, etc Coh
For example: The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacherosat and then she quickBy Conr
disappeared. Ravi r2ad ths read, Huo Con
Ravi and I tha book
CInterjection or 4uodoly eacto Aueh ek ha na Com
mat
An interjection is a word used to express emotion. It is often followed by an exclamatíion mark.y
your
For example: Oh my god! The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher and then she sent
quickly disappeared.
Hurrahl wow! oh mol Hankyi
ARTICLES

An article is aword used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object or idea. Articles are used
before nouns to show whether the nouns are general or specific. I have a iouger ter
ad an older ik tey
'A/an' and The' are the three types of English articles.\There are rules to help you decide which one to use.
but first you need to know what type of noun youare using.
When you have a single, countable English noun, you must always have an article before it. We cannot say
"please pass me pen", we must say please pass me the pen" or "please pass me a pen".
Uncountable nouns don't use 'a' or 'an. This is because you can't count them. For example, advice is an
uncountable noun. You can't say "he gave me an advice", but you can say "he gave me some advice" 0r
"he gave me apiece of advice".
You can use the' to make general thingsspecific. Youcan use the' with any type ofnoun be itplural or
singular, countable or uncountable. "Please pass me the pen", Here 'the' is used to make that pen specific.

cONSTRUCTIONOFA PARAGRAPH
Paraaraphs are comprised of sentences but not random sentences. A paragraph is a group of sentence
organized around a central topic.

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 Basic paragraph structure usually consists of five sentences: the topicsentence, three supporting sentences
lly and aconcluding sentence. But the secrets to paragraph writing lay in four essential
en elements, whichn
when used correctly,can make a not so good paragraph into a
great paragraph.
ly Elements of Paragraph
There are many elements of a paragraph which are given
below:
Unity
Unity in aparagraph begins with the topic sentence. Every paragraph has one single,
ne
is expressed in its topic sentence which is typically the first controlling idea that
sentence of the paragraph. A paragraph is
unified around this main idea with the supporting sentences providing
detail and discussion.
ly Order
Order refers to the way you organize your supporting sentences. Whether you
choose chronological
order, order of importance or another logical presentation of details, a solid
paragraph always has a
definite organization. In a well ordered paragraph, the reader follows along easily, aided by the
ts
you've established. Order helps the reader grasp your meaning and avoid
pattern
et, confusion.
Coherence
Coherence is the quality that makes your writing understandable. Sentences within a paragraph need to
ly connect to each other and work together as a whole.
Completeness
Completeness means aparagraph is well developed. If all sentences clearly and sufficiently support the
main idea, then your paragraph is complete. If there are not enough sentences or information to prove
e your thesis, then the paragraph is incomplete. Usually three supporting sentences, in addition to a topic
sentence and concludingsenternce, are needed for a paragraph to be complete.

d
Recap Zone
Communication is the process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings,
information, about any topic, etc.
e, The term 'communication' is derived from the latin word 'communicare' which means to share.
Verbal Communication is one of the usual ways of communication that involve direct interaction
and instant response whether it be oral or written communication.
Non-Verbal Communication is away of communication that involves all type of non-verbal
actions in an interaction generated by an individual accordingto the environment.
Visual Communication is away of communication in which message is conveyed in an imagery form.
Specific information in the form of written comments and oral conversation is descriptive
feedback.
Physical barrier separates people due to space and working environment, where closed doors
hinder the communication.
A language is an expression of thoughts and experiences of people in terms of their cultural
environment.
An article is a word used to modify a noun, which is a person, place, object or idea. Articles are
used before nouns to show whether the nouns are general or specific
A paragraph is agroup of sentences organized around acentral topic.

Communication Skills 27
 Solved Exercise
Section A
(Objective Type Questions)

A. Multiple choice questions.

1 In communication one individual addresses a large gathering.
Interpersonal Communication Small Group Communication
iv Written Communication
Public Communication
a paragran
is the quality that makes your writing understandable. Sentences within
need to connect to each other and work together as a whole.
Order Coherence
Unity 0V. Completeness
3. Which of these is NOT an appropriate non-verbal communication at work?
i. Keeping hands in pockets while talking Talking at moderate speed A
Sitting straight Tilting head a bit to listen
/u 4. The process of converting encoded information into understandable form is known as
Sender Encoding
Channel Decoding
iV.
5 Which barier separates people due to space and working environment, where closed doors hinder te
communication?
Physical Barriers Gender Barriers
Emotional Barriers iv. Attitudinal Barriers
6 Which type of barrier is caused by the channel or medium itself?
Attitudinal Barriers Perceptual Barriers
Mechanical Barriers iv. Gender Barriers
7 A phrase is a group of words that work together to name and describe a person, plact
thing or idea.
Verb
Noun
ii. Adjective iv.
Prepositional
8 All points of the message should connect to each
other and should be relevant tothe main topic, whi
are called
Concrete
Correct
Clarity iv.
Which is a word used to modify or describe a
Coherent
noun or pronoun?
Preposition
Verb
Conjunction iv.
10. Communication should maintain Adjective
. Feedback
in its objectives.
ii.
Consistency Appropriate
Attention
Ans. 1. iii 2. ii 3. i 4. iv 5. i 6. iii 7. ii 8. iv 9. iv 10. ii

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B. Fill in the blanks.
HLiVerbal (omnywcati
iS one of the usual way of communication that involves direct and instant response.
2 is a way of communication in which message is conveyed in an imagery Torm.
3 The message is encoded in the form of and

is the undesirable input due to which communication barriers enter the communication
process and cause distortion of the message.
5. Negative feedback helps to improve the task and enhance the performance of the
6. A
is a wordplaced before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word
in the sentence.

Ans. 1. Verbal Communication 2. Visual Communication 3. Os, 1s

4. Noise 5. sender 6. preposition

Section B
(Subjective Type Questions)
A. Answer the following questions.
1 Explain the methods of Communication.

Ans. Methods of communication can be categorized as follows:

Verbal Communication: This is a method of communication that involves direct interaction and
instant response. It can either be in the form of oral or written communication. It requires a language
in order to interpret ideas, views, and emotions.
Non-Verbal Communication: This is amethod of communication that entails sending and receiving
messages through any of the human senses, without using language. Some forms of non-verbal
communication include gestures, body larnguage, facial expressions, eye contact, and posture. It
is said that non-verbal communication comprises approximately two-thirds of all communication
among people and groups.
Visual Communication: Conveying ideas visually, in the form of images or pictures, is called Visual
Communication. It involves transmission and interpretation of information through visual resources
that can be read or viewed. Images, drawings, signs, graphics, typography, etc. are some modes of
visual communication.
2 Explain 7C's of Communication.
Ans. The 7C's are basic rules for efficient communication, described as follows:
Concise: One should stick to the point and keep it short. The human brain gets bored of long and
repetitive information. If the message is concise, it grabs and holds the audience's attention,
Concrete: The meaning of the message should be precise and firm so that audience understands
easily what the message wants to convey.
Correct: The communication should be error-free. One should always convey correct information
without misleading the audience.
Clarity: While communicating,one must be clear about the goal of the message and the purpose
of communicatingwith the audience.
Coherent: All points of the message should connect to each other and should remain relevant to
the main topiç.
Complete: The message should be complete and should include all the relevant information.
Courteous: The communication should be honest, respectful, and friendiy.

Communication Skilis 29
 3 Why is Feedback important?
Ans. Feedback is the backbone of the entire process of communication. It is important because:
It shows that the receiver is interactive.
It sustains the communication process.
It is abarometer for measuring the effectiveness of communication.
Positive feedback motivates an individual to do the task even better.
Negative feedback helps to improve the task and enhance the performance.
4 Explain the types of barrier in Communication.
Ans. The process of communication has multiple barriers. They are:
Physical Barrier: This type of barrier refers to the interference to effective communication occurrinc
in the environment. It can be the distance between people, anoisy source near a telephone, poo
lighting,bad health,and other such factors.
Psychological Barrier: This type of barrier in communication distracts the communicator o
prevents them from paying attention to the message. Shrillness of voice, anxiety,mental fatigue,ant
pre-conceived notions are some examples of psychological bariers to effective communication.
Linguistic and Cultural Barriers: Alanguage is the expression of the thoughts and experiences t
people in terms of their cultural environment. Each major region has its own language and culture
Lack of knowledge about the local language and culture can become a limiting factor to effective
communication.
Mechanical Barrier: This type of barrier is created by the channel or mediumn itself. Disturbances
and interferences in the channel can prevent the flow of some of the elements of the message from
reaching their destination smoothly.
5. List the measures toovercome barrier in Communication.
Ans. The following measures are taken to overcome barriers in communication:
Eliminating the differences in perception by understanding the mentality of the receiver before
presenting views on a topic.
Use of simple and clear words to help communicate efficiently.
Identifying the source of noise and reducing it, or if possible, eliminating it.
Listening attentively to avoid misunderstandings.
Proper selection of media to ensure that the message caters to the
target audience.
6 Write short notes on:
Communication i.
ii. Feedback
Decoding Message
Ans. 0. Communication: It refers to the act of transferring information from one place, person, or
to another by speaking, writing, or using other group
mediums. Every communication process involves (a!
least) a sender, a message, and a recipient.
ii. Decoding Message: Converting an encoded message into an
message is converted from 0's and 1s (binary form) to alanguage that understandable form, i.e., the
ii. Feedback: Feedback is the response of the receiver after perceiving thehumans can understand.
sender to evaluate the effectiveness of the message. It is like a message. It enables the
communication.
backbone to the entire process Ol
7. Identify the types of sentences:
i. Take the next exit on your right. The coffee shop isn't open on
iii. Wait for me!
Get out of my way! ()
iv. Sundays.
V Arun works Monday to Friday from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

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 Ans. i Imperative sentence Declarative sentence iu. Exclamatory sentence
Imperative Sentence V Declarative sentence
8 What is Noun Phase? Give some examples.
Ans. A noun phrase is a group of wods that work toqether to name and describe a person,
place, thing, of
idea. When we look at the structure of writing, we treat a noun phrase the same way we
treat a Common
noun. Examples:
lenjoy playing tennis.
Did you enjoy reading this book?
He hopes to win the first prize.
He refused to answer the question.
9 What is a sentence? Explain the types of Sentences.
Ans. Sentence: Asentence is agroup of words qiving a complete thought. Asentence must contain a
subject
and a verb. There are mainly four types of sentences.
Types of sentences: There are four types of sentences in English:
Declarative Sentence: Adeclarative sentence states a fact and ends with a full stop. For example,
Ilove my mother.
Imperative Sentence: An imperative sentence is a command, a polite request or an advice. It ends
with an exclamation mark or afull stop. For example, Bring me a glass of water.
Interrogative Sentence: An interrogative sentence asks a question and ends with a question mark.
For example, Are you ready to go?
IV. Exclamatory Sentence: An exclamatory sentence expresses excitement or emotion. It ends with an
exclamation mark. For example,Wow! This is a brilliant idea!
10. How many elements are there in aparagraph?
Ans. There are many elements of aparagraph which are given below:
Unity: Unity in a paragraph begins with the topic sentence. Every paragraph has one single, controlling
idea that is expressed in its topic sentence which is typically the first sentence of the paragraph.
Order: Order refers to the way you organize your supporting sentences. Whether you choose
chronological order, order of importance or another logical presentation of details, asolid paragraph
always has a definite organization.
Coherence: Coherence is the quality that makes your writing understandable. Sentences within a
paragraph need to connect toeach other and work together as a whole.
Completeness: Completeness means a paragraph is well developed. If all sentences clearly and
sufficientBy support the main idea, then your paragraph is complete.
B. Application Based Questions. Life Skills & Values

1. Neelam has to participate in a script writing competition tor the upcoming Literacy week in her school
zonal competition. Suggest her some tips so as to improve herwritten communication.
Ans Neelam must ensure that her script must be coherent, complete in sense, has a good flow and well
engaging.
2 Ashmit has his interview for a job. List down a lew donts that he must keep in mind during his interview
Ans. Always think betore you speak, maintain body language,eye contact and be confident

Communication Skills 31
Unsolved Exercise
Section A
(Objective Type Questions)
A. Multiple choice questions.
process cvcs
Which of the following is NOT an element of communication within the communication
I. Channel Receiver
iii. Sender iv Time
2 You need to apply leave at work. Which method of communícation will yoU use? [NCERT
E-mail i. Poster
Newsletter Blog
3 Which of the following are important parts of Communications Skills?
i. Transmitting ií Listening
Feedback iv, All of these
4
The written communication such as notices, circulars, reports, SMS, manual etc. considered which of the B.
following type of communication?
i. Non verbal it. Verbal
iii. Visual None of these
5 "Two persons talking over a phone"- is an example of which of the following communícation?
i. Interpersonal communication Written communiícatíon
Smallgroup communication Public communication
6 What are the types of words we should use for verbal
communication?
Acronyms . Simple
ii. Technical
7. Which of these is an imperative sentence? Jargons
Switch off the fan.
iii. Where are my pen colors?
Sheila has gone to the market.
8 The sentences provide Oh no! I missed my flight. 2
information or states fact which type of sentences?
Declarative Sentences ii.
ii.
Exclamatory Sentences iy
Interrogative Sentences
9. Which of the following statement is true
about
Imperative Sentences
i. 50% of our communication is communication? [NCERT]
20%
non-verbal
communication is done using body movements, face, arms, etc.
5% communication is done
i.
using voice, tone, pauses, etc.
iv. 7% communication is done using
B. Fillin the blanks. words.
The exchange of message in
To understand the message communication is known as transmitting
1.
charne
The word which describes theproperly the receiver need toeloa...
when the action is performed is known as the message property.
3.
A
-VerLa. or written word?is the way to express or
using any spokencommunication advex
exchange information or message without
5. Not being able to
understand
communication less effective or seeas gestures,
is known posture, and general body language
barrier. that make

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 Section B
(Subjective Type Questions)
A. Answer the following questions.
1 Commuication skills are very important for any business.Explain any twoelements of a communication
process. [CBSE Handbook]
2. Why is it important to have goodcommunication skills?5
3 What do you mean by communication? P
4 Define each Parts of Speech with example. P-2
5 What is an article? How many articles are there? Give example of each.
6 Name the type of sentence in the following:
olto
1. Ilike coffee. We did not watch TV last night.
Howexciting the movie was! iv. Do you want some tea?ro'togotoy2
7. Identify the phrase:
noun
fdlophrase
Julie is a woman of gorgeous style. i. She leads a very interesting life
Iran as fast as possible. Adth As soon as you got in, he went out. ray
Art Integration
B. Application based questions.
1. Your friend Sumit is goingto France for a month as part of a student exchange program. She knows
alittle French but is not familiar with their culture. What are the things she should take care of while
communicating with people. Uze ompe 'agu 9e
2 Which is your favourite food, dish or cuisine? Write twO paragraphs about your favourite food, dish or
cuisine. Also mention the geographic region with which the food is associated. Each paragraph should
have a minimum of five sentences. Make sure you follow all the rules about sentences and paragraphs
you have learnt. [NCERT]

Previous Years' Questions

1. are a group of words that work together to communicate an element of speech. [2020]
2 Explain four types of sentences in English. [2020]
3 We really enjoyed on the trip to Manali last month. (us/ourselves) (2019]
4 My house is a two -bedroom flat in Mayur Lok. (spaceful/spacious) (2019)
5 What do you mean by prepositions? Write any two examples of prepositions. [2019]
6 Youcannot park your car anywhere this building for security reasons. [2018]
(a) from (b) around
(c) like (d) for
7 The teacher has given a new set of the students on schools. (2018]
(a) from (b) to
(c) On
(d) arOund

Sandeep is doing his job well (2018]

(a) very (b) vary
(c) much (d) good
9 Alice asked students if they had seen her new orange bag. (2018]
(a) Some (b) a little
() little (d) any
10. You have recentty attended a Cyber Safety Workshop in your school. You are excited to share the information
with your mother. How would you describe the event? (2018]

Communication Skills 33