Pig Complete Course on Basic Thermodynamics for ME/XE/CH/PI (H) Basic Concepts - Part Il Devendra Singh Negi = Lesson 2 » Mar 3, 2022_) Mechanical Head, Unacademy Brands 1 GATE AIR - 1 (XE) 2019 & 202 1 BNPM AI .) M. Tech IIT-B (Topper) 1 9+ years Teaching Experience 1 Mentored more than 75k students Online/Offline/Seminar———__RA IGH | « Y ‘Wonscademy MECHANICAL HEAD, UNACADEMY BRANDS TOP MECHANICAL EDUCATOR ON UNACADEMY PLUS (FIRST RANK 1 MECHANICAL EDUCATOR ON UNACADEMY PLUS) FeRAM AND ego GATE 2019 AIR-1 (XE), 60.66/70 IN TECHNICAL GATE 2020 AIR-1 (XE), 66.33/70 IN TECHNICAL VE RECORD OF GATE AIR-1 CONSECUTIVELY 2 YEARS. BRM ACD RWEL NL ESPRGL BB those Occ ISPL QUALIFIED GATE & ESE TEACHING EXPERIENCE: 9+ YEARS ACROSS: a THE COUNTRY MENTORED MORE THAN 75K STUDENTS y ONLINE/OFFLINE/SEMINAR MODE 200+ TECHNICAL & MOTIVATIONAL SEMINARS: RECORD OF HIGHEST KNOWLEDGE HATS DEDICATIONS (5K+) fee CONTENT & MOST ENERGETIC EDUCATOR AWARD FROM JNACADEMY IN GATE & ESE CATEGORY RT aa Cee sls=> ‘STRATING PN CTC ES ~~ SULA ah sexy) ' C24 ee STARTING ESP RCD ae TRA Ea pay at eh) Peetu ae yt a a cress LeOpen System masa internqctionA energy intenackionA vUnsteady Flow Ej =40oW oben System E;=8 WwA Aten de Sec ™. = So ky E, = 3007 Steady Flow O fen Syatem dm “te 704% aTo 30 minutes Go Student 800 Pm 400 ——— Students] Students /aniin C0 Students —— 25 teento/ | Min: Oben System —s Control VolumeClosed System oe Quantity of Makten. —> Control mass System Oben System gv Region in Shace —» Congnol Volume* Open system is the system where both mass and energy interactions can take place. * An open system is said to be steady flow open system if none of the properties change with time at a particular location. The term Control Volume is sometimes used in place of Open System. Fon Steady Flow Oben System dm dE Te {ee — | <0 dk cy * dt lav Whene CV > Contne! VolumeINTERVIEW QUESTION Boundany (Conkno| Sunda ce What is control surface? Y ie Closed System —>/( Gnktnel mass Oben Syatem | — Conknol Volume Contnol Sunface — BeundanyWhen the terms control mass and control volume are used, then the system boundary is known as control surface.Thermal Power Plant Waten Cinewt of Yaz Tena! Powen PlantPump, boiler, superheater, turbine, condenser are the examples of open systemywhile water circuit of thermal power plant neglecting water loss is closed system.INTERVIEW QUESTION What is the difference between boiler and steam generator ? Subcooled Liqu id Dny Boek —> SurPERHEATER Satunated Vaboun STEAM GENERATOR Suberheated VapounKissing Poink qb Boilen Griticol Poin b>C Subenheaben Subcooled Ligu'd p=¢ To Tunbine Region = ‘Supenheated le Sat. Supenh eben” Reaion Subcooled V 7 Laud L+V b\ Set ace Vepoun From faropSubcosled Supen heated Liquid [~ BOILER | SUPER HEATER Ba Vaboun § team Genenaton* Boiler produces dry saturated vapour while steam generator produces super heated vapour. * Steam generator consists of Boiler and Superheater.Property Chenacsensa Bi of, Lhe Ayadem | do which Q numenical Value Can be assigned | at, any given inatont of Simeae Cheanshlt “A Mass (m) Volume (V) Tempenstune (T) fhessune (P) Thenmal Conductivity (k) ? Roberts Dynamic Vigconity (k)Characteristic of the system to which a numerical value can be assigned at a given time is known as property. ing kant Types of Property Sige 1. ,Extensive Property—> Debend4 on the extent of the Aystern 2) tensive Property —s (Jhdebendent oh the extent of the Stes ed Aten SigeExtensive property Extensive property is the property which depends on the extent (size) of the system. Intensive property: Intensive property is the property which is independent of the extent (size) of system.Extensive Pnopend's —> my Tnbensive Propentig —> T, P ty BKImaginany } Champs MechanicalExtensive frobenty, Tntemive Property. mV TP kK, B Kinekic Eneng y (ke) Velocity (¢) nkial E fot E, fore nengy (RE) ee Any Enengy [> a4 constant Phessune CG) > at constant Volume (cy) |__, Internal Enengy (U) }—> Ensthalpy (4H) L_» Enktneby (5) Chemical fsen tial Electric charge, Magnekiz titotal elections = Apkal change =v aa Numben ef, 46X40 MO Electron, Mag nekization Numben of dipolesIndebendent of Extent (Size) of the Aystem i Totenive Phobenty,e~ Extensive Density (e) = rhae ths Volume (VY) eE Exkensive Inkemive Extengiv, - Nile tei engive Shecific Vo lune (vu) = Be Merd (mM) E_ Extensive Tntemive Extergve Thtennal Enengy (u) Mass (m) Trdensive Extensive oe Enengy (4) =Shecije Enthelby (h) = Enthalby (H)&— Extensive a 1 Extensive Entnopy (3) <~ Extensive mass (m) © Extensive ‘Intensive u Speefi « Entnoby (A) Tatenaive Trtensi nessune (P) enews Shecitic Press sa mass (mM) LX ExtensiveConclusion Density is an Intensive property. Ratio of two extensive properties is an intensive property. Specific properties are defined as extensive properties per unit mass. Specific properties such as specific volume, specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, specific entropy are intensive properties.Ga, 7 Y) P Extensive m f 3m Mm ‘ ; Ss 2 & 8 m Xm emyem, ¢ iE + InkemiveConclusions * Incase of extensive property, its value for the overall system is the sum of its values for the parts in which system is divided, i.e. extensive properties are additive in nature. * Intensive properties are not additive in nature.eae Condikian of the Sytem deacnibe d by Poobenkien Rice bay State-L ( 5ban, 1m?)Classical thenmodynami cs V/s Stabiakical Thenmodyng - min Uy) NK ke or aie les C lasaical Thermodynamics MACROSCOPIC abbriocch to Then mod y - | hamrey Canoss effect / ovenall behavioun Without going -t Moleculan LevelShekisti cal thenme dy namicA MICROSCOPIC approach fo thenmodynamics | Stnuckune of Matte J Statistics £ Probable byApblicadions of * Larsen « Plaams High Velocity qu slow * Chemical Kinetics 3 Low temben atune meactionState refers to the condition of system as described by its properties. For a given state properties of a system have fixed values. If the value of even one property changes, the state will change to a different one. Classical thermodynamics deals with equilibrium states only. 5 41651 16708Process VLEA process is said to be occurred if the system undergoes from one equilibrium state to another equilibrium state.Non Quasi-static process VLEQuasi-static process VLE* Non Quasi-static process is rapid process such that intensive properties are non uniform throughout the system. * Quasi-static process is infinitely slow process such that intensive properties are uniform throughout the system. * In the given example of Quasi-static process, when rice grains are removed one by one, the air molecules have sufficient time to redistribute, hence pressure is uniform throughout the system.* Quasi-static process is represented by solid line whereas Non Quasi- static process is represented by dashed line. * Series of equilibrium states through which system passes is known as path of the processInternally reversible process* Aprocess is said to be internally reversible process if no irreversibility occurs inside the boundary of the system. * For closed system, at every intermediate state of an internally reversible process all intensive properties are uniform throughout i.e. closed system passes through series of equilibrium states. * For closed system, any quasi-static process (neglecting viscous losses) is an internally reversible process.* If we reverse the process, the system can pass through exactly the same equilibrium states while returning to its initial state i.e. the forward & reverse process can coincide for an internally reversible process.