Pimpri Chinchwad

Green City Action Plan

DEVELOPED USING IN PARTNERSHIP WITH

About this Report
This report presents the Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan,
which an overview of the city’s green ambitions and prioritized
actions. The Plan was developed using Advanced Practices for
Environmental Excellence in Cities (APEX), an innovation of the
International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World
Bank Group. The work is implemented in partnership with the
Government of the Netherlands.

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July 2024

Cover Image: IFC

2
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan

Table of Contents

Foreword 5

Acknowledgments 6

Objective of this Report 7

Methodology and Approach 7

Acronyms & Abbreviations 8

Executive Summary 11

Introduction 14

Background & Purpose 15

The Green City Action Plan Development Process 16
Structure of the Document 18

City Context 19

Pimpri Chinchwad City Profile 20

Built Environment & Energy 21

Transportation 22

Solid Waste 23

Water 24

Greenhouse Gas Emissions 25

Green City Action Plan Summary 26

Greenhouse Gas Emissions 28

Built Environment & Energy 29

Transportation 30

Waste 31

Water 32

Priority Measures 33

Built Environment & Energy 34

1. Rooftop Solar Hot Water 35

2. Urban Forestry 37

3. Green Building Certification 39

4. Energy Efficiency Refurbishment for Private Buildings 40

5. Rooftop Solar PV Program for Private Buildings 41

6. Green Municipal Buildings 43

7. Rooftop Solar PV on Municipal Buildings 45

3
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Table of Contents

Transportation 47

1. Retire Inefficient Vehicles 48

2. Minimum Efficiency for New Vehicles 50

3. Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure 51

4. Promote Private Electric Vehicles 53

5. Bicycle Lanes 55

6. Extend BRT System 57

7. Expand & Electrify BRT Bus Fleet 58

8. Extend Metro System 61

9. Add Park-and-ride Lot to Transit Stations 63

10. Introduce Fare Integration

& Smart Transit Fare Cards Across Transit System 65

11. Electrification of Municipal Fleet 67

12. Electrification of Auto-Rickshaws 68

Waste 69

1. Decentralized Composting 70

2. Ban Single Use Plastics 72

3. Improve Waste Collection 73

4. Waste-to-Energy Facility 74

5. Centralized Anaerobic Digestion 75

Water & Wastewater 77

1. Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting 78

2. Reuse of Wastewater at Municipal Scale 79

3. Reuse of Wastewater From New & Existing Buildings 81

4. Reduce Unaccounted-for Water Losses 82

5. Improve Efficiency for Water Conveyance Pumps 83

6. Efficient Fittings in New & Existing Buildings 84

7. Smart Water Meters 86

8. New Centralized Wastewater Treatment Facilities 88

Green Investment Pipeline 89

Appendix A: Baseline Data 93

Appendix B: Key Assumptions For Calculations 99

References 103

4
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan

Foreword

In the face of rapid urbanization and industrial growth, the need for sustainable
Image: PCMC

development has never been more pressing. The Green City Action Plan for Pimpri
Chinchwad is not just a document; it is a blueprint for the future—a future where
economic growth and environmental stewardship go hand in hand.

Cities play a role in contributing to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions
from sectors like energy, transportation, and waste management. However, by adopting
better urban planning strategies, implementing effective policies, and making informed
choices regarding infrastructure development, we have the power to reduce energy
consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. A proactive approach not only strengthens
the resilience of our urban infrastructure in the face of climate change but also minimizes
its impact on marginalized communities.

Our collaboration with the IFC has enabled us to envision and embark on transformative
projects that prioritize energy efficiency, sustainable mobility, waste management, water
conservation, and the harnessing of private sector innovation and investment. This plan
underscores our dedication to creating a city that is not only industrially prosperous but
also ecologically resilient.

As we implement this action plan, we are guided by the principle that a green city is a safe
city—a haven for its citizens and a beacon of climate action. We are determined to balance
the scales of industrial advancement with the weight of environmental protection,
ensuring that the legacy we leave for future generations is one of harmony between
humanity and nature.

The journey towards a greener Pimpri Chinchwad has begun, and through this action plan,
we invite all stakeholders to join us in forging a path to sustainability that is as innovative
as it is imperative.

Mr. Shekhar Singh (I.A.S.)

Commissioner, Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation

5
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan

Acknowledgments

The Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan is the result of organizations and entities that have played a pivotal role
a robust collaboration between Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal in the Plan’s development. These include: Rocky Mountain
Corporation (PCMC) officials and the International Finance Institute (RMI), for their expertise in making Pimpri Chinchwad
Corporation (IFC). The Green City Action Plan leverages a new electric vehicle (EV) ready; Institute for Transportation and
platform developed by IFC called Advanced Practices for Development Policy (ITDP), for their insights into effective
Environmental Excellence in Cities (APEX), which is supported urban transport systems for the city; Maharashtra Metro Rail
by an online software tool that helps quantify and prioritize Corporation (Maha Metro), for their plans on enhancing the
policy and investment solutions across four key sectors: Pune Metro infrastructure; and Pune Mahanagar Parivahan
built environment and energy, transport, waste, and water Mahamandal Ltd (PMPML), for their insights and plans on public
and wastewater. bus transport and commitment to improving mobility in the
city. Several case studies in the report were produced for the
The IFC team was led by Prashant Kapoor, working closely
APEX program by Sustainia. The teams would also like to thank
with Kanishk Bhatt, Kelvin Vergara Tagnipez, Lorraine Sugar,
reviewers for their valuable input. The Action Plan will be
Mohit Ganeriwala, and Chavi Walia.
further enhanced through the insights and feedback provided
The Plan was coordinated by the City Transformation Office by the active participation of the city’s residents during the
(CTO, PCMC), while the following officials at Pimpri Chinchwad public comment period.
Municipal Corporation (PCMC) led the development of the plan
The Green City Action Plan of Pimpri Chinchwad is part of the
across the key sectors as Sector Leads: Makarand Nikam
broader strategic collaboration between the Government of
(Building Permission Department), Bapu Gaikwad (Traffic and
Maharashtra and IFC to support urban infrastructure projects
Transport Department), Sanjay Kulkarni and Harvinder Singh
that promote sustainable and low-carbon growth in the state.
Bansal (Environment Department), Shrikant Shrinivas Savne
It is a component of the advisory support provided by IFC to
(Water Department), and Nilesh Deshmukh (Property Tax
PCMC to develop a comprehensive approach for reducing
Department).
greenhouse gas emissions and implementing environmentally
The teams also acknowledge the contributions of various sustainable solutions in Pimpri Chinchwad.

6
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan

Objective of this Report

This report presents the Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action within the APEX database. The prioritized actions will all require
Plan. It provides an overview of the city’s green ambitions along further feasibility work prior to implementation.
with the results of the green city assessment conducted using
IFC’s APE online software tool. The purpose of the assessment Methodology and Approach
was to identify, analyze, and prioritize key climate actions The Green City Action Plan development process followed three
based on future savings in greenhouse gas emissions, energy, main steps: 1) data collection and baseline setting; 2) selection
private vehicle travel, waste, and water, as well as capital costs. and prioritization of measures; and 3) final analysis.
The report is intended to support PCMC as it proceeds with
IFC collaborated with PCMC officials to compile data, review
implementing environmentally sustainable solutions related
current plans, and identify and prioritize solutions. The APEX
to its strategic plans, including the City Strategy Plan for 2030.
software uses information for the baseline year and projects
The APEX assessment covers 4 key sectors: built environment forward to the target year using anticipated population growth
and energy, including residential, commercial, and municipal rates. It evaluates actions relative to the business-as-usual
buildings; transportation, including resident travel and (BAU) case—that is, the scenario where the city government
municipal fleet; waste, including municipal solid waste does not take any specific actions, and municipal operations
management; and water and wastewater. The APEX tool focuses and resident behaviors are the same as in the baseline year.
primarily on quantifying opportunities related to climate The key assumptions for the BAU case can be adjusted in
change mitigation, while there are certainly resilience accordance with anticipated economic growth and initiatives
co-benefits for certain measures in the form of water security, of other spheres of government.
energy security, and urban heat island mitigation. The APEX
APEX then helps quantify the impact of investment, planning,
tool does not currently include industry, agriculture, or freight
and policy solutions—referred to as measures—in the target
transportation sectors. Industry is a particularly important
year. There are over 100 measures preloaded into APEX, as well
sector for Pimpri Chinchwad, and it will be the subject of future
as the option to create custom measures. Each measure has an
standalone reports.
engine that quantifies its impacts and costs based on the
It is important to note that the results presented herein are specific situation in the city. The methodology behind each
indicative only. They are intended to help inform future action, measure is based on prevailing engineering calculations,
but ultimately represent just one of the many factors existing studies in literature, and/or case studies from other
influencing PCMC’s decisions on if/how to proceed with cities. The APE online software was designed to help cities
implementation. The baseline was developed using a variety of to quickly assess the most cost-effective way to incorporate
sources, including data provided by city officials, data found in measures into their investment and policy pipelines, to achieve
public-facing reports, and when otherwise not available, values targets related to energy, transportation, waste, water, and
estimated using proxies from country data and regional data GHG emissions.

The City
Green City Action Plan
An Investment Roadmap for Climate Action

DEVELOPED USING IN PARTNERSHIP WITH

Caption for this illustration.

7
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan

Acronyms & Abbreviations

APEX Advanced Practices for Environmental Excellence GWh Gigawatt-hours

in Cities
HDFC Housing Development Finance Corporation
ASP Activated Sludge Process
HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
ATS Automated Test Stations
ICCT International Council on Clean Transportation
BAU Business-as-usual
ICE Internal combustion engine
BEE Bureau of Energy Efficiency
ICT Information and Communication Technology
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
IFC International Finance Corporation
BRT Bus Rapid Transit
IGBC Indian Green Building Council
C&D Construction and Demolition
INR Indian Rupee
CAFC Corporate Average Fuel Consumption
IPP Independent power producer
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
IS Indian Standard
CO₂ Carbon Dioxide
ITDP Institute for Transportation & Development Policy
CTO City Transformation Office
ITMS Intelligent Traffic Management System
DBOT Design, Build, Operate and Transfer
km Kilometer
DMA District Metered Area
km² Square Kilometers
EaaS Energy-as-a-Service
ktCO₂e Kilotonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
e-auto Electric Auto-Rickshaw
kW Kilowatt
EC Environmental Clearance
kWh Kilowatt-hours
ECBC Energy Conservation Building Code
L Liters
EDGE Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies
m Meters
EE Energy Efficiency
m² Square Meters
ENS Eco-Niwas Samhita
m3 Cubic Meters
EPR Extended Producer Responsibility
Mt Million Tonnes
ESCO Energy Service Company
MtCO₂e Million Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent
EV Electric Vehicle
MBR Membrane bioreactor
FAME Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of
MEDA Maharashtra Energy Development Agency
Electric Vehicles
MLD Million Liters per Day
FAR Floor-area ratio
MNRE Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
GHG Greenhouse gas
MSEDCL Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution
GIS Geographic information system
Company Limited
GPS Global Positioning System
MSW Municipal Solid Waste
GRIHA Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
MW Megawatt

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Acronyms & Abbreviations

Maha Metro Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited SWH Solar-assisted Water Heating

MoHUA Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, India t Metric Tonnes

MoRTH Ministry of Road Transport and Highways tCO₂e Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

MuDSM Municipal Demand Side Management TERI The Energy and Resources Institute

NCAP The National Clean Air Program TPD Tonnes per day

NGO Non-Governmental Organization UDCPR Unified Development Control and Promotion

Regulations for Maharashtra State
NIUA National Institute of Urban Affairs
UFMP Urban Forestry Management Plan
NMT Non-Motorized Transport
ULB Urban Local Bodies
PACE Property Assessed Clean Energy
UPI Unified Payments Interface
PCMC Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation
USD United States dollar
PKT Passenger-Kilometers Travelled
VKT Vehicle Kilometers Travelled
PMPML Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd
WEP-I Water Efficient Products-India
PMRDA Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority
WRI World Resources Institute
PPP Public-Private Partnerships

PRGFEE Partial Risk Guarantee Fund for Energy Efficiency

PSU Public Sector Unit

PUB Public Utilities Board, Singapore

PV Photovoltaic

PWD Public Works Department

QR Quick Response code

RESCO Renewable Energy Service Company

RMI Rocky Mountain Institute

ROI Rate of Interest

RTO Regional Transport Office

RTPV Roof-top photovoltaic

RVSF Registered Vehicle Scrapping Facilities

SBI State Bank of India

SBR Sequencing Batch Reactor

SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

SEIAA State Environment Impact Assessment Authority

STP Sewage Treatment Plant

SVAGRIHA Simple Versatile Affordable GRIHA

9
10
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan

Executive Summary

Pimpri Chinchwad is part of the Pune Metropolitan Region. The Green City Action Plan identifies actions—including
The city has a population of about 2.8 million and is known for city-level policies, investments, and planning strategies—that
its industrial and automotive sectors. The Pimpri Chinchwad can help the city meet its climate mitigation and sustainability
Municipal Corporation (PCMC) is committed to becoming a targets. As such, it aims to increase the pipeline of public and
green and sustainable city, with various initiatives and plans to private climate-related investments, which can be influenced
achieve this goal. Through implementation of the City Strategy by city-level policies and plans. The Green City Action Plan
Plan for 2030 (PCMC, 2018), the city aims to become the “most leverages a new platform developed by IFC called Advanced
inclusive economic powerhouse and livable city of India” by Practices for Environmental Excellence in Cities (APEX),
2030 (p2, PCMC, 2018). supported by an online software tool that helps quantify and
As part of its strategy, the city has prioritized responding to prioritize policy and investment solutions across four key
climate change through various initiatives, including the sectors: built environment and energy; transportation; water;
development of a Green City Action Plan, which was and waste sectors.
coordinated by PCMC and developed in collaboration with the
Using the year 2023 as its baseline, and projecting to the year
International Finance Corporation (IFC). The actions identified
in the Green City Action Plan will contribute to the various 2030, the Green City Action Plan prioritizes and quantifies the

strategic areas of the City Strategy Plan for 2030, in particular: impacts of 32 selected solutions, called measures, across the
Sustainable Mobility: Promotion of public transport, four sectors. Implementing these measures is expected to
non-motorized modes of transport, road safety and Environment support a 27 percent reduction, 1.6 million tonnes of carbon
and Living: Zero waste Pimpri Chinchwad, Pollution free city, dioxide equivalent (MtCO₂e) in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,
Waste management, and Energy efficiency. as shown:

Image: IFC

11
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Executive Summary

Sector GHG Savings GHG Savings

APEX Measures
Indicator from City-wide from City-wide
Sectors
BAU (%) BAU (KtCO₂e)

Rooftop Solar ot ater

Built Environment & Energy

Urban Forestry

Green Building Certification

21%
EE Refurbishment for Private Buildings Fossil Fuel Energy 17% 1,023
Savings
Rooftop Solar PV Program for Private Buildings

Green Municipal Buildings

Rooftop Solar PV on Municipal Buildings

Retire Inefficient Vehicles

Minimum Efficiency for New Vehicles

EV Charging Infrastructure

Promote Private Electric Vehicles

Bicycle Lanes
Transportation

Extend BRT System 28%

Less Private 6% 346
Expand & Electrify BRT Bus fleet Fossil Fuel Vehicle
Travel
Extend Metro System

Add Park-and-ride Lot to Transit Stations

Smart Fare Integration Across Transit System

Electrification of Municipal Fleet

Electrification of Auto-Rickshaws

Decentralised Composting

Ban Single Use Plastics

Solid Waste

94%
Improve Waste Collection Waste Diverted 4% 244
from Landfill
Waste-to-Energy Facility

Centralised Anaerobic Digestion

Rooftop Rainwater arvesting

Reuse Wastewater at Municipal Scale

Water & Wastewater

Reuse of astewater from New & Existing Buildings

43%
Reduce naccounted-for ater Losses
Water Security 0.2% 6
Improvement
Improve Efficiency For ater Conveyance Pumps

Efficient Fittings in New & Existing Buildings

Smart Water Meters

New Centralized astewater Treatment Facilities

Total GHG Reduction 27% 1,620 KtCO₂e

12
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Executive Summary

The target trajectory of GHG emissions reduction to 2030 is shown relative to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario below:
Image: IFC

4
MtCO₂e

27% 0
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030

GHG
Emissions Built Environment
& Energy
Transportation Solid Waste Water and Wastewater

Savings BAU Forecast Target Trajectory

Solutions in the Green City Action Plan can be converted into a pipeline for green
investment in Pimpri Chinchwad, supported by both public and private sector funding.
All 32 measures with their associated costs are listed in the Green Investment Pipeline
section of this report. It includes estimated indirect capital cost to the private sector,
as well as the direct cost to the city and its agencies. Where the cost is for investment that
falls within the city's mandate, the full cost is reflected as a direct cost. Direct costs total
approximately INR 11,997 crore (equivalent to about USD 1,441 million) over 7 years and
include actions where the city can enable or incentivize (i.e., through implementing policy)
the private sector to invest in green measures. In addition, the city can leverage sources
of finance, e.g., through municipal finance or public-private partnerships (PPPs),
for capital investments.

The Green City Action Plan is one piece of the city’s comprehensive approach to addressing
climate change and promoting sustainable development. The Green City Action Plan
focuses specifically on climate change mitigation, as well as resource efficiency in terms
of energy consumption, private vehicle travel, waste reduction, and water security.

13
Introduction

14
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Introduction

Background & Purpose

Pimpri Chinchwad, with an estimated population of 2.8 million

people, is an important industrial and automotive hub in
Maharashtra, India. The population of Pimpri Chinchwad is
steadily growing, which is driving up demand for development.
Without regulation and planning, urban development would
Pimpri Chinchwad
result in an unorganized future, necessitating mitigation and
adaptation measures on the part of the city. Pimpri Chinchwad
plans to implement these measures in order to grow in a fair
and sustainable way.

To facilitate this strategy, PCMC established a Sustainability

Cell as part of its governance structure. This unit is dedicated
to implementing unconventional initiatives that promote
sustainable development. The cell's objectives would be
aligned with the strategic goals of the City Strategy Plan for
2030 (PCMC, 2018). For a comprehensive result, it would also The Green City Action Plan complements these efforts and aims
aim to meet the objectives established by numerous national to identify actions—including city-level policies, investments,
and international frameworks. and planning strategies—that can help the city meet its climate
mitigation and sustainability targets. As such, it aims to
The City Strategy Plan targets the city becoming “The Most
increase the pipeline of public and private climate-related
Inclusive Economic Powerhouse & Livable City of India” by 2030
investments, influenced by city-level policies and plans.
(p2, PCMC, 2018). Among the six pillars of the plan are
The Green City Action Plan, coordinated by PCMC, has been
sustainable mobility and clean, green and environment-friendly
developed in collaboration with IFC. It leverages a new platform
city. To support these objectives, the city has started initiatives
developed by IFC called APEX, an online software tool that helps
like Navi Disha, a community led toilet model by engaging
quantify and prioritize policy and investment solutions in the
women; the Harit Setu Master Plan; EV initiatives; incentives for
energy, transportation, water, and waste sectors. The key focus
auto drivers to purchase e-autos; 14 MW waste to energy plant;
areas in the City Strategy Plan for 2030 have been integrated
construction and demolition (C&D) waste plant; and hotel
into the Green City Action Plan, by mapping these areas to the
waste to biogas plant. As part of the Smart City Mission initiated
APEX sectors.
by the Government of India, the city has developed a smart city
program that focuses on integrating and centrally managing This work is a collaborative analysis exercise to determine the
data and services through smart technologies to enhance potential impact of various actions. It is meant to assist with
service delivery and improve the quality of life for its citizens. the city’s internal planning processes by providing a framework
for prioritization of possible measures and does not necessarily
equate to commitment by the city to proceed with the actions.
Furthermore, climate is just one aspect to be considered in any
investment decision being made by the city, as it will also need
to consider a range of other factors. Assumptions used in
calculations are specified herein.

15
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Introduction

The Green City Action Plan Development Process

The Green City Action Plan was developed over a six-month

period from July 2023 to December 2023. The draft was then
finalized following stakeholder review (by various municipal
departments and external partners) and released for public
comment in July 2024. Figure 1 illustrates the Green City Action
Plan development process. IFC collaborated with
representatives from PCMC, Pune Mahanagar Parivahan
Mahamandal Ltd. (PMPML), Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation
Ltd. (Maha Metro), Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), Institute for
Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) and National
Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA) to compile data and review
current plans, identify, and prioritize solutions using the APEX
software, and develop a roadmap for green city action.

IFC APEX Team City Team Output

18 th July

KICK-OFF MEETING to understand the city’s drivers, barriers

and set green cities ambition

Share data, plans Establish current

Prepare questionnaire
and appoint sector leads city baseline

14 th- 15 th September

WORKSHOP with city’s sector leads

to expolre green cities measures in APEX

APEX analysis
and prioritize actions

19 th- 21 st December

WORKSHOP with sector leads to to fine-tune

Green City Action Plan

July

Green City Action Plan

Figure 1: The Green City Action Plan Development Process.

16
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Introduction • The Green City Action Plan Development Process

Measures were selected and prioritized during successive phases of the development process, as follows:

Initial List of Measures Final List of Measures

Following data collection and a review of existing plans and During the Sector Measures Workshops (Figure 2), the measures
strategies, the IFC team prepared an initial list of measures, were discussed and explored using the APEX online software
which served as a basis for discussion in the Sector Measures together with Sector Leads of the city; officials from PMPML,
Workshops. The initial list of measures was selected by Maha Metro, and Moshi Waste-to-Energy plant; ITDP; RMI; and
answering questions such as: NIUA. Measures were finalized by exploring questions such as:

● What are the ongoing projects and strategies being ● Is the measure identified applicable to the city’s
implemented by the city? local context?

● Has the action been identified in existing city plans ● Is the action feasible in terms of scope and payback?

and strategies? ● If there are barriers to implementation, are potential

solutions available?
● What is the GHG emission target and what are the
priorities of the city? ● Is there interest and appetite from the city to develop
the measure?
● Are local stakeholders and partners currently working
on implementation? ● Will the measure support a clear impact in terms of the
city’s targets?

Measures in the final list were included in the Green City Action Plan analysis and Green Investment Pipeline.

Built Environment & Energy Transportation

Build green to address largest emitter Invest in NMT & public transport

Solid Waste Water & Wastewater

Collect and manage municipal waste Improve water security and resilience

Figure 2: Key sector priorities identified through consultations, site visits, and workshops.

17
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Introduction

Structure of the Document

The Green City Action Plan is structured into the following four sections:

1. City Context
This chapter includes a brief profile of the city of Pimpri Chinchwad, the city-wide baseline
performance across the sectors of interest (Built Environment and Energy, Transportation,
Waste, and Water), and overview of city-wide GHG emissions.

2. Green City Action Plan Summary

This chapter summarizes the Green City Action Plan, first in terms of overall performance
on future GHG emissions, and then sector-by-sector impacts on fossil fuel energy
consumption, private fossil fuel vehicle kilometers travelled, waste diverted from landfill,
and water security.

3. Priority Measures
This chapter details the specifics of each measure, including a description, the context in
the city of Pimpri Chinchwad and India, the scope and assumptions used in calculations,
and the next steps for implementation. This chapter also includes some case study
examples to help illustrate successful implementation in other cities in India and around
the world.

4. Green Investment Pipeline

This chapter presents the measures of the Green City Action Plan as a Green Investment
Pipeline, including the total cost of each measure, possible directs costs to the city and its
agencies, and potential funding sources.

18
City Context

19
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • City Context

Pimpri Chinchwad City Profile

Pimpri Chinchwad is a rapidly growing industrial and residential • Maha Metro (Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation
hub in the Pune Metropolitan Region, Maharashtra, India. Limited): Maha Metro is responsible for the development
The city has a population of about 2.8 million and covers an and operation of the Pune Metro, an urban Mass Rapid Transit
area of 181 square kilometers (km²). The city is home to several System (MRTS) in Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad. The metro
large and small-scale industries, especially in the automotive, system aims to provide a fast, reliable, and efficient mode
engineering, and electronics sectors. The city’s strategic plan of transportation to reduce traffic congestion and improve
aims to make it the most inclusive economic powerhouse and connectivity.
livable city of India by 2030. This vision includes a focus on
• MSEDCL (Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution
sustainable mobility, environmental health, economic
Company Limited): MSEDCL is responsible for the
development, and information and communication technology
distribution of electricity in Pimpri Chinchwad.
(ICT)-enabled smart governance to promote ease of doing
It manages the power supply, maintenance of the electrical
business and quality of life.
infrastructure, and ensure uninterrupted electricity to
In Pimpri Chinchwad, the following entities are responsible homes, businesses, and industries in the area.
for various aspects of the city’s infrastructure and services:
• MIDC (Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation):
• PCMC (Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation): MIDC focuses on the industrial development of the region,
PCMC is the civic body that governs the Pimpri Chinchwad providing infrastructure and facilities to promote industries.
area. It is responsible for urban planning, development,
Key strategic priorities of the city include: a new
and maintenance of the city’s infrastructure. This includes
administrative building, a new 850-bed multi-specialty
services like water supply, sewage treatment, and solid waste
hospital in Moshi, a 4.5-kilometer (km) Pune metro extension
management. It also handles property tax collection and
from PCMC station to Nigdi, 30 percent EV penetration in new
maintenance of city facilities.
vehicle registrations by 2026, 500 public EV charging points
• PMPML (Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal by 2025, an increase in non-motorized transport
Limited): PMPML is the public transport service provider in infrastructure like bicycle lanes, phasing-out of diesel
the Pune Metropolitan Region, which includes Pimpri buses and 192 additional electric buses.
Chinchwad. It operates bus services within the city and its
suburbs, providing connectivity and public transportation
options to residents.

Image: IFC

20
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • City Context

Built Environment & Energy

Pimpri Chinchwad covers an area of 181 km2, with 1,378 km of roads and 51.6 million
square meters (m2) of buildings, 70 percent of which are residential (Figure 3a).
There are approximately 145 thousand m2 of municipal buildings, 37 percent of which
are residential and 36 percent of non-residential (Figure 3b). The state-owned utility,
MSEDCL, supplies electricity to households and businesses. Most of the energy used
by buildings is electricity from the grid (83 percent).

70% 14%
Residential Non-residential

a.
12%
Mixed

5%
Industrial

<1%
Municipal

36%
Non-Residential
17%
Others

b.

5%
Mixed

37% 4%
Residential
Industrial

Figure 3: a) City-wide Building Area; b) Municipal Building Area. Data for 2023, explanation and sources are shown in Appendix A.

21
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • City Context

Transportation

Each resident of Pimpri Chinchwad is estimated to take an average of 2 trips per day,
and the estimated average distance travelled per trip is 12 km. There are over 1.4
million two-wheelers and 0.4 million private automobiles operating in the city.
As shown in Figure 4, most passenger-kilometers travelled (PKT) are by two-wheelers
(35 percent) and bus rapid transit (BRT) buses (33 percent). Additional public
transportation options include auto-rickshaw (10 percent), metro (2 percent PKT)
and taxi (2 percent). The Rainbow BRT system is a hybrid bus system with a daily
ridership of 520,000 passengers. The system uses 45.5 km of dedicated two-way bus
lanes and extends in mixed traffic to outlying areas. Non-motorized transport modes
make up a relatively low percentage of the total PKT (walking is 3 percent and bicycling
is 2 percent).

33% 13%
Bus, BRT
4-Wheelers

10%
Auto-rickshaw

3%
Walk

35% 2%
2-Wheelers
Metro

2%
Taxi

2%
Bicycle

Figure 4: Modal split by PKT for 2023. Data and sources are shown in Appendix A.

22
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • City Context

Solid Waste

The primary landfill site for Pimpri

Chinchwad is located at Moshi Village,
52.6% 10.5%
Organic Waste Wood
approximately 15 km from the city center

9.3%
on an area of 33 hectares. Excluding
industrial and C&D waste, municipal
Plastics
solid waste (MSW) generation is 0.15
metric tonnes (t) per person per year,
as per Environmental Status Report
2021-2022 provided by the city.

As shown in Figure 5a, the composition 9.2%

Textiles
of MSW is predominately organic waste
a.
(52.6 percent), followed by wood (10.5
percent), plastics (9.3 percent), textile
(9.2 percent), rubber and leather (4.2
7.1%
Other
percent), glass (3.8 percent), paper and
cardboard (2.1 percent), metal (1.2
percent) and other waste (7.1 percent).
Waste treatment methods include
4.2%
Rubber and Leather
waste-to-energy (40 percent; Figure 5b),
landfill (35 percent), anaerobic digestion 3.8%
(8 percent), recycling (8 percent), and Glass

composting (7 percent).
1.2% 2.1%
Metal Paper and Cardboard

8%
35% Anaerobic Digestion
Landfill

8%
Recycling

b.
7%
Compost

40% 2%
Waste-to-Energy Untreated

Figure 5: a) MSW composition; b) Waste treatment methods. Data for 2023, explanation and sources are shown in Appendix A.

23
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • City Context

Water

Most of the water supply in Pimpri Chinchwad is sourced from surface water
(95 percent; Figure 6a), with some supply from recycled wastewater (5 percent).
The city’s water utility supplies an average bulk water consumption of 140 liters (L) per
person per day, with unaccounted-for water losses comprising 45 percent of that value.
Industrial water consumption is at 30 million L per day (MLD). As shown in Figure 6b,
the majority of wastewater is treated by the city at wastewater treatment plants using
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) systems (50 percent) and Activated Sludge Process
(ASP) systems (45 percent). There are also some households that treat wastewater with
septic systems (4 percent). The remaining 1 percent of sewage is released into water
bodies without undergoing any treatment process.

95%
Surface water

5%
a. Recycled Wastewater

95%
Sewage System

4%
Septic Tanks

b.
1%
Untreated

Figure 6: a) Water supply; b) Wastewater treatment methods. Data for 2023, explanation and sources are shown in Appendix A.

24
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • City Context

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

APEX can be used to help build a GHG emissions inventory with the data above¹. For the
baseline year 2023, tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent missions from all the sectors
listed above were 4.7 MtCO₂e, or approximately 1.7 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
(tCO₂e) per capita. As shown in Figure 7, the largest contributor to GHG emissions was
the built environment and energy sector (75 percent), followed by transportation
(20 percent), solid waste (4 percent), and water and wastewater (1 percent).

75% 20%
Built Environment Transportation
3.5 MtCo₂e 0.9 MtCO₂e

4%
Solid Waste
0.2 MtCO₂e

<1%
Water & Wastewater
0.01 MtCO₂e

Figure 7: Sectoral breakdown of Pimpri Chinchwad's GHG emissions in 2023. Calculated using APEX for
Built Environment & Energy, Transportation, Waste, and Water sectors.

¹ The APEX GHG methodology is consistent with the BASIC reporting requirements of the GHG Protocol for Cities, available: https://ghgproto-
col.org/ghg-protocol-cities. The APEX GHG methodology does not currently include emissions from industrial or agricultural sectors.

25
Green City Action Plan
Summary

26
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Green City Action Plan Summary

Through the process of developing the Green City Action Plan, the The Green City Action Plan uses the year 2023 as its baseline, and
IFC team worked with representatives from several departments projects to the year 2030. The APEX online software helped to
within PCMC (including the Building Permission Department, quantify the impact of investment, planning, and policy
Traffic and Transport Department, Environment Department, solutions—referred to as measures—in the year 2030. The Green
Water Department, and Property Tax Department, among City Action Plan includes 32 solutions across the four sectors:
others), as well as PMPML and Maha Metro to explore various built environment and energy, transportation, waste, and water
actions and evaluate them in terms of their costs and benefits. (Figure 8).

1. Rooftop Solar Hot Water 1. Retire Inefficient Vehicles

2. Urban Forestry 2. Min. Efficiency for New Vehicles
3. Green Building Certification 3. EV Charging Infrastructure
4. EE Refurbishment for Private Buildings 4. Promote Private Electric Vehicles
5. Rooftop Solar PV Program for 5. Bicycle Lanes
Private Buildings 6. Extend BRT System
6. Green Municipal Buildings 7. Expand & Electrify BRT Bus Fleet
7. Rooftop Solar PV on Municipal Buildings 8. Extend Metro System
9. Add Park-and-ride Lot to Transit Station
10. Introduce Fare Integration Across
Transit System & Smart Transit Fare Cards
11. Electrification of Municipal Fleet
Built 12. Electrification of Auto-Rickshaws
Environment Transportation
& Energy

1. Decentralized Composting 1. Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

Waste Water
2. Ban Single Use Plastic 2. Reuse Wastewater at Municipal Scale
3. Improve Waste Collection 3. Reuse of Wastewater From New
4. Waste-to-Energy Facility & Existing Buildings

5. Centralized Anaerobic Digestion 4. Reduce Unaccounted-for Water Losses

5. Improve Efficiency For Water
Conveyance Pumps
6. Efficient Fittings in New &
Existing Buildings
7. Smart Water Meters
8. New Centralized Wastewater
Treatment Facilities

Figure 8: The Green City Action Plan includes 32 solutions across built environment and energy, transportation, waste, and water sectors.
Note: The text is written in the present tense to reflect what has been modelled by the APEX tool today. The scenario that is modelled takes place in the future.

27
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Green City Action Plan Summary

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

With all 32 measures combined, the Green City Action Plan could result in a 27 percent savings in carbon emissions compared to the
business-as-usual (BAU) forecast for 2030. Figure 9 shows the baseline year emissions for 2023, the future BAU emissions forecast for
2030, as well as the potential savings with all 32 measures implemented, referred to as the Improved Case for 2030.

7.0

0.02
6.0
Greenhouse Gas Emissions (MtCO₂e)

0.4

5.0 0.01 1.2 27%

0.2 0.01
0.1
4.0 1.0
0.9
0.5
3.0

2.0 4.3
3.5 3.3
1.0

0.0
Current: 2023 BAU: 2030 Improved Case: 2030

Built Environment & Energy Transportation Solid Waste Water and Wastewater

Figure 9: Current, BAU, and Improved Case for GHG emissions (MtCO₂e/year). The 32 measures are expected to reduce the 1.62 MtCO₂e, representing
a savings of 27 percent compared to the BAU case.

PCMC generates up to 12 MW energy at its Moshi waste-to-energy plant

Image: IFC

28
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Green City Action Plan Summary

Built Environment & Energy

The actions in the built environment and energy sector include

Image: IFC
upgrades to both private and municipal buildings, including
improving energy efficiency in existing buildings, building new
green buildings, and increasing solar electricity generation.
Energy savings are defined as reductions in fossil fuel energy
consumption, which encompasses reducing demand for fossil
fuel-generated electricity, as well as replacing energy sources
with renewables.

The 7 prioritized measures and individual impacts are shown

in Table 1. With all Built Environment & Energy measures
combined, the Improved Case scenario represents a 21 percent
savings in fossil fuel energy use compared to BAU (Figure 10).

Table 1: Built Environment & Energy measures and individual impacts.

Fossil Fuel
Individual Measure GHG Savings
Energy Savings

1. Rooftop Solar ot ater 0.7% 0.6%

2. Urban Forestry <0.1% 0.1%

3. Green Building Certification 5.2% 4.3%

4. EE Refurbishment for Private Buildings 1.8% 1.5%

5. Rooftop Solar PV Program for Private Buildings 10.9% 9.0%

6. Green Municipal Buildings 0.3% 0.3%

7. Rooftop Solar PV on Municipal Buildings 1.6% 1.3%

Total 21% 17%

6,000 ENERGY USE (GWh)

5,000 411
Existing Municipal
525
462 26 249 Existing Commercial
4,000
330
348 26
275 Existing Residential
GWh

3,000 2,043
1,704 New Municipal
1,696
2,000
New Commercial

1,000 1,891 New Residential

1,570 1,604
7 8 Infrastructure
0
Current: 2023 BAU: 2030 Improved Case: 2030

Figure 10: Current, BAU, and Improved Case for fossil fuel energy use in gigawatt-hours per year (GWh/year).

29
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Green City Action Plan Summary

Transportation

Actions in the transportation sector focus on shifting travel from private cars to public

Image: Ernest Ojeh on Unsplash

transport, as well as electrifying public and private vehicles. There are ambitious plans
to expand public transportation infrastructure and drive adoption of electric mobility in
Pimpri Chinchwad, and these aspirations are reflected in the large number of measures
in this sector. It is important that increasing supply of public transportation is
accompanied by appropriate policies, initiatives, and spatial planning strategies
to ensure successful implementation.

The 12 prioritized measures and individual impacts are shown in Table 2. With all measures
combined, the Improved Case scenario represents a 28 percent savings in private fossil
fuel vehicle-kilometers travelled (VKT) compared to 2030 BAU (Figure 11).

Table 2: Transportation measures and individual impacts.

Private
GHG Savings
Individual Measure Fossil Fuel VKT
Reduced (%)

1. Retire Inefficient Vehicles - 0.2%

2. Min. Efficiency for New Vehicles - 0.5%
3. EV Charging Infrastructure 0.2% <0.1%
4. Promote Private Electric Vehicles 5.1% 0.8%
5. Bicycle Lanes 1.0% 0.3%
6. Extend BRT System 0.5% 0.1%
7. Expand & Electrify BRT Bus Fleet 17.1% 3.6%
8. Extend Metro System 0.3% 0.1%
9. Add Park-and-ride Lot to Transit Station <0.1% <0.1%
10. Introduce Fare Integration Across Transit System & Smart Transit Fare Cards 0.2% <0.1%
11. Electrification of Municipal Fleet <0.1% <0.1%
12. Electrification of Auto-Rickshaws 3.2% 0.1%

Total 28% 6%

14,000 PRIVATE FOSSIL FUEL

VKT REDUCTION
12,000

Automobiles
10,000
Taxis, Shuttles, Minibuses
Million km

8,000 7,644
Motorcycles
6,000 5,867 5,782

4,000
2,411
1,850 1,840
2,000
1,452 1,892 1,406
0
Current: 2023 BAU: 2030 Improved Case: 2030

Figure 11: Current, BAU, and Improved Case for private fossil fuel vehicle travel (Million km/year).

30
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Green City Action Plan Summary

Waste

Actions in the waste sector support extraction of value from waste

Image: IFC
that is diverted from landfill, including composting, anaerobic
digestion, and waste-to-energy. It also including reducing waste that
is generated through a single use plastic ban, as well as expanding
waste collection as the city grows. There are ambitions in Pimpri
Chinchwad to have nearly zero waste sent to landfill.

The 5 priority measures and individual impacts are shown in Table 3.

With all measures combined, the Improved Case scenario represents
a 94 percent savings in waste sent to landfill compared to 2030
BAU (Figure 12).

Table 3: Waste measures and individual impacts.

Landfill Waste
Individual Measure GHG Savings
Reduced

1. Decentralized Composting 11% 0.5%

2. Ban Single Use Plastic 0.1% <0.1%
3. Improve Waste Collection 11% 0.4%
4. Waste-to-Energy Facility 51% 2.0%
5. Centralized Anaerobic Digestion 22% 1.1%

Total 94% 4%

0.6 LANDFILL/UNMANAGED
WASTE REDUCTION
0.5 0.04 0.1
0.02
0.02 0.1 Unaccounted
0.4 0.03
0.03 0.1
0.03 0.2 Landfill
0.3
Mt

Waste-to-fill
0.2
0.2 Anaerobic Digestion
0.2 0.3
0.1 Composting
0.2
0.01 0.1 0.01 Recycling
0.0
Current: 2023 BAU: 2030 Improved Case: 2030

Figure 12: Current, BAU, and Improved Case for waste disposal in million tonnes per year (Mt/year).

31
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Green City Action Plan Summary

Water

Actions in the water sector focus on improvements to water security,

Image: IFC
which includes both reducing the demand for water and diversifying
sources for water supply. The measures target water security at the
building level with efficient fittings, rainwater harvesting, and
building water reuse, as well as system-wide with actions such as
reducing water losses, improving efficiency of water pumping, and
water reuse at the municipal scale. This sector also includes
expansion and improvement of wastewater treatment facilities.

The 8 priority measures and individual impacts are shown in Table 4.

With all measures combined, the Improved Case scenario represents
a 43 percent improvement to water security compared to 2030
BAU (Figure 13).

Table 3: Waste measures and individual impacts.

Water Security
Individual Measure GHG Savings
Improved

1. Rooftop Rainwater arvesting 0.5% <0.1%

2. Reuse astewater at Municipal Scale 10% <0.1%
3. Reuse of astewater From New & Existing Buildings 3% <0.1%
4. Reduce Unaccounted-for Water Losses 27% <0.1%
5. Improve Efficiency For ater Conveyance Pumps - 0.1%
6. Efficient Fittings in New & Existing Buildings 2% <0.1%
7. Smart Water Meters 0.8% <0.1%
8. New Centralized astewater Treatment Facilities - 0.1%

Total 43% 0.2%

1,600
FRESH WATER USE
1,400
Existing Municipal
1,200 275 Existing Commercial
628
1,000 Existing Residential
482 0.7
MLD

800 New Municipal

37
0.7 88 177 0.7
600 55 33 New Commercial
29 6 48
41 New Residential
400 332 344 6
291
Industrial
200
227 1.0 235 1.2 199 Landscape Areas
0
Infrastructure Losses
Current: 2023 BAU: 2030 Improved Case: 2030

Figure 13: Current, BAU, and Improved Case for freshwater use (MLD).

32
Priority Measures

33
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures

Built Environment & Energy

Measures in the built environment and energy sector include

reducing energy consumption in public and private buildings,
promoting green building certification for new construction,
increasing green space, and increasing the share of renewables
in the energy mix. Building energy consumption includes
electricity and other fuels that power all energy needs,
including water heating, space cooling, cooking, lighting,
appliances, and other equipment. Measures target reductions
to fossil fuel energy use in both commercial and residential
buildings.

Table 5: Summary of all Built Environment and Energy measures.

Fossil Fuel
Energy Savings GHG Savings Total Cost
Measure (ktCO₂e/year) (INR crore)
(Gwh/year)
39 36 2,595
1. Rooftop Solar ot ater
0.4 6 1,094

2. Urban Forestry 281 258 1,000

98 90 1,124
3. Green Building Certification 586 539 3,530

19 17 82
4. EE Refurbishment for Private Buildings
83 77 503

5. Rooftop Solar PV Program for Private Buildings 1,106 1,023 9,927

6. Green Municipal Buildings

7. Rooftop Solar PV on Municipal Buildings

Total

34
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Rooftop Solar Hot Water

Description Results

39
For this measure, the city requires solar hot water systems on
25 percent rooftops of habitable buildings, including hotels,
health, and residential buildings. Solar hot water systems work Fossil Fuel Energy Savings
by using rooftop solar collectors to warm water that then flows (GWh/year)
through the building's plumbing system. Active solar hot water
systems circulate water using pumps, while passive systems 36
rely on gravity to circulate hot water. GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
Context
The city has adopted Unified Development Control and
2,595
Total Cost (INR crore)
Promotion Regulations for Maharashtra State (UDCPR) policy
to promote the use of renewable energy sources in new
buildings (Urban Development Department, Government of Implementation Next Steps
Maharashtra; 2020). According to this policy, any new building
Further scoping is required to include small and medium
that has a plot area of more than 4,000 m2 must install either
scale projects. The city can establish a dedicated helpdesk
a roof top photovoltaic (RTPV) system or a solar assisted water
to provide technical support to building owners and
heating (SWH) system on their roofs. At least 25 percent of the
developers. Detailed guidelines and best practices for
roof area shall be utilized for installation of the SWH/RTPV
the installation and maintenance of solar energy systems
system. These systems can generate electricity or heat water
may be published to assist with planning.
using solar energy, respectively.
The city can introduce incentives for early adopters and
Projects with built up area of 20,000 m2 and above require prior
provide subsidies for solar hot water installation, particularly
Environmental Clearance (EC) from the State Environmental
targeting residential buildings. An awareness campaign can
Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) (Ministry of Environment,
educate the public on the benefits of solar hot water systems,
Forest and Climate Change; 2022). To get an EC, it is mandatory
and workshops can be offered to professionals involved in
for commercial and institutional buildings to have a solar water
building design and construction. The city can develop
heating system that can provide at least 20 percent of the hot
partnerships with solar technology providers and educational
water demand. The code also encourages residential buildings
institutions, as well as collaborate with local utilities to
to meet hot water demand from solar water heaters, as far
integrate these systems into the energy infrastructure
as possible.
seamlessly.

The following case study illustrates an implementation

example from Bengaluru, India.

35
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Case Study: Bengaluru, India

Image: Singh VP on Pixabay

Rooftop solar water heater in Bengaluru.

Problem
? In the hopes of addressing its long-standing power shortage issues, the city of Bengaluru aimed to promote
the widespread use of solar energy in its residential, public, and industrial buildings.

Solution
! In 2007, Bengaluru Electricity Supply Company (BESCOM) mandated the installation of solar water heaters in
buildings with a floor area of at least 55 m2 and constructed on land parcels of 110 m2 or larger. The required
solar thermal capacity is proportional to the size of the room.

Results
In a span of ten years, 1,234 million m2 of solar water heater collector area had been installed, supplying
energy equivalent to approximately 611 million kWh of electricity required for showering per year. Annual
installations of solar water heater collector area increased from 12,374 m2 in 2007 to 113,684 m2 in 2017.

Financing
In 2012–2015, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) deducted an incentive amount from the
electricity bills of households in a multi-family building with several systems, provided that the capacity of the
system is 100 liters or more.

36
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Urban Forestry

Description and are not accessible to the public. However, they still provide
some benefits for its residents, such as reducing the urban heat
With this measure, the city aims to increase the extent of urban
island effect, improving air quality, and enhancing biodiversity.
forestry by planting more trees, creating more green spaces,
and creating green belt along the non-motorized transport The city has prepared an urban forestry master plan (Terracon
(NMT) infrastructure. It includes the 14 km long Harit Setu Ecotech Pvt Ltd., 2021). It suggests the native planting materials
Project that will be executed as Green Corridors at five locations appropriate for the Pimpri Chinchwad region, along with
(D.Y. Patel College stretch in Akurdi, D.P. Road in Pimple Nilakh, various landscape guidelines that are applicable to each ward
Nigdi Pradhikaran, Akurdi Station road, and Bhondwe Chowk and the city as a whole.
in Ravet). Through this project, 0.21 km² of green cover will be
The city has 164 gardens with a total area of 166 hectares
added within the city. The estimate is based on 30 m wide
(PCMC, 2019). The Garden Department of Pimpri Chinchwad
NMT street design, of which 50 percent of the street is covered
Municipal Corporation works towards maintaining and
by trees. The project will enhance the environmental, social,
increasing the open and green spaces of the city. The
and economic benefits of urban forests, such as carbon
department has undertaken road beautification and 45 km of
sequestration, air quality improvement, biodiversity
roadside plantation projects on various roads. An additional
conservation, recreation, and health.
14 km of roadside tree plantation or median beautification
Context under the Harit Setu project is under construction.

The green area of the city covers 48.2 percent (85.3 km²) of the Some specialized and popular gardens are ornamental assets
total area of the city (Figure 14). This includes areas like gardens, of the city, including: Bahinabai Choudhari Zoo, Bird Valley,
trees, shrubs, herbs, and other dense patches. The city has Rajershi Shahu Udyan, Bhakti Shakti Udyan, Thergaon Boat
forested lands within its boundaries. These lands are areas of Club, Bhosari Tourism Centre, Durgadevi Park, Veer Sawarkar
greenery that are owned and maintained by the Indian Army Udyan and Nana Nani Park.

Figure 14: Green Cover of the city. (Source: Census of Trees and Development of Application for Tree Management using GIS Platform, Terracon Ecotech Pvt. Ltd, 2021)

37
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Results

0.4
Fossil Fuel Energy Savings (GWh/year)

6
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)

1,094
Total Cost (INR crore)

Implementation Next Steps The integration of green spaces with NMT infrastructure can
significantly improve the quality of life for pedestrians and
To foster the growth of urban forestry, a dynamic approach is
cyclists. These green corridors serve as a buffer zone, reducing
essential. The city can lead this initiative by revising the urban
noise pollution and providing a serene environment for
forestry master plan every five years. This periodic update
commuters and recreational users alike.
ensures that the strategy remains relevant and responsive to
the evolving needs of the urban ecosystem. Securing funding and establishing partnerships are pivotal for
the long-term success of urban forestry projects. The city can
A robust monitoring and evaluation system is crucial to track
explore various avenues, including government grants, private
the progress and health of the urban forest. Such a system
sponsorships, and collaborations with local NGOs, educational
would not only monitor growth but also assess the forest’s
institutions, and businesses. These partnerships not only
impact on air quality, biodiversity, and its role in carbon
provide financial support but also foster community
sequestration. This data is invaluable for making informed
involvement and innovation.
decisions that align with environmental sustainability goals.
Finally, the city can develop a long-term Urban Forestry
By involving local communities in the planning process, the city
Management Plan (UFMP) for the gradual expansion of green
can cultivate a sense of ownership and stewardship among
spaces, setting ambitious yet achievable targets to increase
residents. Organizing tree-planting events and educational
the city’s green cover percentage over the next decade.
workshops empowers citizens to take an active role in
enhancing their environment.

38
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Green Building Certification

Description Results

281
For this measure, the city requires new developments to take
advantage of green building incentives. The measure targets
50 percent of new buildings receive green building certification, Fossil Fuel Energy Savings
which entails achieving a minimum of 20 percent energy savings (GWh/year)
beyond Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) and Eco
Niwas Samhita (ENS) code requirements. Some green building
certification programs, such as IFC’s EDGE program, including
258
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
savings in water use and embodied energy in materials in
addition to energy savings. IFC’s EDGE certification is
well-suited to be tied into municipal policy due to its ease 1,000
of use, low cost, and scalability. The city can pair the regulatory Total Cost (INR crore)
policy with incentives to support developers to pursue
green buildings.

Context Implementation Next Steps

The city has approximately 51.6 million m² of building stock, The next step for the city to progress further is to include low
with 40 million more expected to be constructed in the next cost, scalable and easy to use green building rating system like
7 years. The city is a major manufacturing hub for several EDGE for the incentives. With EDGE infrastructure and networks
industries, including the automotive and pharmaceutical already in place in India, the next step is to develop the
industries. A few initiatives exist to encourage developers to regulatory approach and incentive structure that works for all
build green. First, developers qualify for additional floor-area green building rating systems. An approach for incentives can
ratios (FAR) for new green buildings rated by India Green be based on performance on energy, water, and material
Building Council (IGBC) and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat savings instead of level of rating.
Assessment (GRIHA). The city is working with IFC on including
Along with the financial incentives, to further increase the
EDGE in the FAR incentive. Second, buildings with a green rating
uptake of green buildings, the city can provide technical
certification qualify for 10-50 percent discounts on premium
assistance and training for developers who want their
charges for building permission depending on the GRIHA rating
properties to be green certified. The technical assistance and
(1-5 stars) of the project. Additionally, the end users of the
capacity building can be done in collaboration with NGOs and
GRIHA compliant projects also get a discount of 5-10 percent
green building rating facilitators. This support is useful since
on property tax for 3–5-star GRIHA rated buildings and 5-15
green building requirements are often new or unfamiliar for
percent for Simple Versatile Affordable GRIHA (SVAGRIHA)
private sector initiators.
rated buildings (PCMC, 2011).

With EDGE infrastructure and networks already in place in India, the next step is to develop the regulatory approach and incentive
structure that works for all green building rating systems.
Image: edgebuildings.com

39
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Energy Efficiency Refurbishment for Private Buildings

Description Results

98
This measure targets private residential and commercial
buildings for energy efficiency improvements, aiming for
upgrades in 10 percent of existing buildings. Upgrades may Fossil Fuel Energy Savings
include efficient lighting/appliances, improved windows (GWh/year)
and building envelopes, upgraded heating, ventilation and
cooling systems, energy efficient ceiling fans, and others.
90
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
Context
The city currently lacks a financing program for the energy
efficiency refurbishment of private buildings. Energy efficiency
1,124
Total Cost (INR crore)
refurbishment offers a significant opportunity to reduce energy
consumption and GHG emissions in existing residential and
non-residential buildings. The city has an existing building
footprint of 51.6 million m², with 70 percent residential, 18
percent commercial, and the remaining 12 percent comprising
Implementation Next Steps
various other types of buildings, including institutional and The city, or a financial institution partnered with the city,
healthcare facilities. can develop a financing program for energy efficiency
refurbishment of private buildings. There are several models
By focusing on energy efficiency improvements in these
that have worked well in cities around the world, including
structures, especially in the residential and commercial sectors,
property-linked financing, on-bill financing with utilities, and
which constitute the majority of the building footprint, the city
energy service companies (ESCOs) providing equipment for
can achieve substantial reductions in energy use. Measures
a periodic fee tied to energy savings. One example of such
such as improved insulation, energy efficient windows, and
a program is the Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE)
modern air conditioning systems can lead to significant savings.
program, which finances energy efficiency improvements and
renewable energy in existing buildings. The PACE loan is
attached to the property rather than the individual or company
that owns the building. Governments or private lenders provide
financing to building owners to cover the upfront costs of
energy efficiency improvements. Loans are repaid by increasing
property taxes at a set rate for an agreed-upon term. Property
owners can start saving on energy costs while paying for
improvements, often resulting in net gains despite increased
property tax.

40
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Rooftop Solar PV Program for Private Buildings

Description Results

586
With this measure, the city implements a program to encourage
installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels on rooftops of
buildings, along with existing government rooftop solar subsidy Fossil Fuel Energy Savings
programs. The measure aims for an installed capacity of 400 (GWh/year)
megawatts (MW), which is equivalent to 30 percent of the roof
area of all buildings in the city, though solar panels could also
be ground mounted.
539
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
Context
The city has adopted the Maharashtra State UDCPR policy
3,530
Total Cost (INR crore)
that promotes renewable energy sources in new buildings.
According to this policy, any new building that has a plot area
of more than 4,000 m2 must install an RTPV system on its roof.
At least 25 percent of the roof area shall be utilized for the
system.
Implementation Next Steps
The city can initiate a dialogue with the local power distribution
Furthermore, it is mandatory for projects with a built-up area
company, MSEDCL, and MEDA to improve coordination and data
between 5,000 and 20,000 m2 to install a solar/wind/hybrid
sharing to make informed implementation decisions. The city
renewable system that can meet at least 1 percent of the
can leverage government schemes and initiatives like the grid
demand load. This is part of the PCMC Environmental
connected rooftop solar program (Phase II) and solar net
Clearance Self Declaration list, which contains a set of
metering. The city can also work with the private sector to
environmental norms and standards that are mandatory
implement business models such as Renewable Energy Service
for developer compliance.
Company (RESCO) with a long-term power purchase agreement
The city has adopted the solar project subsidy of Maharashtra, or roof leasing, which allow consumers to access renewable
managed by the Maharashtra Energy Development Agency energy without upfront costs. Further implementation steps
(MEDA). The subsidy is available through the central involve exploring technical and legal details, as well as engaging
government Rooftop Solar Program Phase II scheme by the stakeholders.
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). The program
The following case study illustrates an implementation example
provides INR 30,000 per kilowatt (kW) subsidy for rooftop
from Vadodara, India.
solar PV systems up to 2 kW capacity, INR 18,000 per kW for
additional capacity upto 3 kW, and subsidy for systems larger
than 3 kW capped at INR 78,000 for individual households
(MSEDCL, 2024).

41
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Case Study: Vadodara, India

Image: Markus Spiske on Unsplash

Madhav Solar has installed solar PV panels on privately-owned properties under the Vadodara Solar project.

Problem
? To improve energy services at affordable prices and support the transition to renewable energy, the
government of Gujarat sought to replicate a rooftop solar project from 2010, this time in the city of Vadodara.

Solution
! Solar PV panels were installed on the rooftops of primarily privately-owned properties, offering a lease rental
to the owners for accessing the roofs. The individual solar systems were connected to the local grid by the
developers, who then sold the generated power to the local distribution utility.

Results
The project, which was projected to become operational between 2015–2016, is estimated to provide
improved energy services at affordable prices to 9,000 individuals while reducing GHG emissions by 5,443
tonnes per year. Rooftop owners can now access economic benefits from their previously unused spaces,
in the form of rent from developers.

Financing
IFC, as the lead advisor, was responsible for bidding out the Vadodara Solar project. The estimated total
project cost is $8 million, which would be fully financed by the winning bidder, Madhav Solar, under a 25-year
concession.

42
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Green Municipal Buildings

Description Results

19
With this measure, the city commits to building green for all
new municipal buildings, as well as retrofitting existing
buildings to be more energy and water efficient. The results Fossil Fuel Energy Savings
are based on over 300 thousand m2 of new municipal buildings (GWh/year)
to be constructed according to green building principles,
resulting in at least 20 percent reduction in their energy and
water use. Results also consider energy efficiency
17
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
refurbishment is conducted in all existing municipal buildings,
145,000 m2, reducing energy use in these buildings by
at least 20 percent on average. 82
Total Cost (INR crore)
Context
The city owns and operates over 145,000 m2 of buildings,
including municipal offices, emergency services, cultural centers,
Implementation Next Steps
schools, sports facilities, hospitals, among others. The city is By adopting green building rating systems like EDGE, the city
growing and there are construction projects under development. aims to reduce the carbon footprint, resource consumption,
and GHG emissions of its buildings. The next step for the city
The city has adopted GRIHA, the national rating system for green
is to finalize EDGE certification for Moshi hospital and the new
buildings in India, to reduce the environmental footprint
municipal office building, which can serve as pilots for other
generated by the building industry. At present, IFC is providing
new municipal buildings.
advisory services to the city in pursuing EDGE certification for
the new 850-bed hospital in Moshi and the new municipal Energy efficiency refurbishment efforts for existing municipal
office building. buildings would be most effectively carried out in a sequence,
ranked by total facility energy consumption. Upgrade efforts
can be prioritized by annual energy consumption statistics,
which should be gathered for all eligible city-owned facilities.
Specific energy efficiency upgrades within each facility can be
identified with an energy audit. Energy auditors will assess
building elements such as lighting equipment, ventilation and
cooling equipment, external envelope fabric, hours of use of the
facility, general building fabric and building services equipment
condition, and age of installations and residual life expectancy
of this existing equipment. Upgrade planning and budgeting
would be based on these assessments.

The city can utilize central schemes such as Bureau of Energy

Efficiency (BEE) facilitated energy audits and situational surveys
to identify suitable projects to save electricity under Municipal
Demand Side Management (MuDSM). The city can explore
financing support through BEE’s Partial Risk Guarantee Fund
for Energy Efficiency (PRGFEE). After refurbishment is complete,
the city can continue to collect annual energy consumption
statistics to assess the building’s energy performance
over time.

The following case study shows an implementation example from

San Antonio, USA.

43
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Case Study: San Antonio, USA

Image: Public Domain via goodfreephotos.com

The Energy Efficiency Fund was established in to support San Antonio's endeavor to retrofit buildings for energy efficiency.

Problem
? With public buildings significantly contributing to the city’s annual $34 million utility budget, San Antonio set
out to reduce costs while significantly decreasing energy usage and lowering local emissions.

Solution
! The Energy Efficiency Fund (EEF) was established in 2011 to help finance cost-effective retrofits and upgrades
across the city’s facilities. Moreover, the city is able to manage all retrofits in-house from design to close-out,
which reduces management and installation costs while eliminating debt service.

Results
By 2015, the city had implemented 398 energy-efficiency projects across 180 facilities, resulting in annual
electricity savings of 58,227,372 kWh and emissions reductions of 22,011 tonnes of CO2e per year. Between
fiscal year 2011 through 2019, San Antonio further achieved a total annual avoided cost savings of $1.6 million.

Financing
The fund was initially established using $4.6 million allocated to the city through the federal American
Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). Since then, it has operated as a revolving loan fund, sustained by
revenue generated from energy savings and rebates.

44
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Rooftop Solar PV on Municipal Buildings

Description Results

83
With this measure, the city aims to add an additional 57 MW to
its installed solar electricity generation capacity. This will
include rooftop solar PV integration for new municipal projects, Energy Savings
showcasing a forward-looking approach to sustainable energy (GWh/year)
practices. The city aims to install PV systems on the roofs of all
new and existing public buildings, such as schools, hospitals,
offices, and community centers. In addition to this, the city is
77
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
also exploring the feasibility of constructing a solar park, which

503
will help the city to reduce its electricity bills, GHG emissions,
and dependence on fossil fuels, while also creating local jobs
and promoting renewable energy awareness. Total Cost (INR crore)

Context
Pimpri Chinchwad is one of the fastest-growing urban areas in the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, which provides a
India; as such, it has a high and growing demand for electricity. financial incentive for installing rooftop solar PV systems in
The city has a high solar potential, with an average annual solar residential, institutional, and social sectors. The proposal will
irradiation of 5.5 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per m2 per day. also describe the criteria and procedure of selecting an
At present, the municipal buildings have an energy contract empaneled vendor from the National Portal for Rooftop Solar,
demand of 75 MW. However, the current share of solar energy which lists the qualified and registered vendors who can
in municipal buildings’ electricity mix is 7 percent (5 MW). execute the projects through the portal (pmsuryaghar).
Most of the electricity is supplied by the state grid, which relies The proposal will also specify the contract terms and conditions
heavily on coal-fired power plants. The administration building with the selected vendor, and the necessary approvals and
of the city, Pimpri Chinchwad Mahanagarpalika Bhavan, permits from the relevant authorities, such as the municipal
generates renewable electricity with a 170-kW solar PV corporation, the electricity distribution company (MSEDCL),
system on the rooftop. and the fire department.

The city has set an ambitious target of generating 57 MW of In cities around the world, there are several PPP-type
solar power in addition to already existing 5 MW. It has arrangements that work well for increasing the share of solar
identified municipal buildings as a priority sector for rooftop power in municipal operations. The city does not necessarily
solar deployment. need to own the solar PV assets to benefit from zero carbon
solar electricity. For example, energy-as-a-service (EaaS) is a
Implementation Next Steps way to procure solar energy that transfers the operational and
The first step for implementing the rooftop solar PV project on maintenance risks associated with rooftop solar PV
municipal buildings of Pimpri Chinchwad is to conduct a infrastructure from the city to the private sector. The EaaS
feasibility study. The study will assess the technical, economic, company arranges for financing and installation of the solar
social, and environmental aspects of the project, and identify panels, and then carries out the energy services without
the optimal locations, sizes, and orientation of the rooftop solar the city investing its own capital into the projects. The city
PV systems. The study will also estimate the potential energy pays a recurring fee to the EaaS for delivery of solar electricity
generation and savings, as well as the environmental benefits based on performance.
of the project. The following case study shows an implementation example
The subsequent step is to prepare a detailed project proposal, from Cape Town, South Africa.
based on the findings of the feasibility study. The proposal will
include the scope, budget, timeline, and expected outcomes
and impacts of the project. The proposal will also outline the
process of applying for the rooftop solar subsidy scheme from

45
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Built Environment & Energy

Case Study: Cape Town, South Africa

Image: Bill Mead on Unsplash

Cape Town is spearheading renewable energy with solar power initiatives, including solar panels on buildings and large-scale installations on city-owned land.

Problem
? As the continent’s largest energy consumer and emitter, South Africa is committed to reducing its carbon
footprint and promoting the shift to renewable energy through the launch of several solar power initiatives.

Solution
! Exploring options such as rooftop, ground-mounted, and floating installations, Cape Town aims to achieve
a combined installed capacity of 5 megawatt-peak (MWp) on municipal buildings and roughly 50 MWp on
city-owned land by 2030. Initiatives further include training programs for solar PV installers.

Results
As of 2015, Cape Town had installed rooftop solar PV at numerous municipal buildings and facilities, achieving
a peak generation capacity of 247 kW. Although installations have been relatively small-scale and mainly
offset electricity consumption rather than generate power, they help prepare the municipal staff for new
forms of energy provision.

Financing
The city had invested approximately $8.57 million in grant and city funds towards energy efficiency
interventions by 2015, which included the installation of rooftop PV panels on municipal buildings.

Sources: C40 Cities/Nordic Sustainability, 2019; City of Cape Town, 2015; International Renewable Energy Agency, 2018; World Energy Cities Partnership, n.d.

46
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures

Transportation

Transportation measures focus on shifting travel from private

cars to public transit, as well as electrifying cars, buses, and
autorickshaws. The measures primarily focus on new
infrastructure and vehicles, but there is an important balance
between supply and demand of public transportation; that is,
increasing the supply of public transportation must be
balanced with policies that discourage private vehicles and
making driving less convenient. It is important that new
infrastructure is well-connected, safe, and accessible to make
it easy for public transport riders to transition between modes.

Table 6: Summary of all Transportation measures.

Fossil Fuel VKT

Reduced (Million GHG Savings Total Cost
Measure (ktCO₂e/year) (INR crore)
Gwh/year)
- 10 1,553
1. Retire Inefficient Vehicles
- 29 2,925

2. Min. Efficiency for New Vehicles 23 1.6 67

612 50 14,985
3. EV Charging Infrastructure 121 15 10

54 5 4,582
4. Promote Private Electric Vehicles
2,039 218 482

39 5 583
5. Bicycle Lanes
2 0.3 26

6. Extend BRT System 27 3 -

0.7 0.1 17
7. Expand & Electrify BRT Fleet 383 8.7 354

3,301 346 25,583

8. Extend Metro System

9. Add Park-and-ride Lot to Transit Station

10. Introduce Fare Integration & Smart Transit

Fare Cards Across Transit System

11. Electrification of Municipal Fleet

12. Electrification of Auto-Rickshaws

Total

47
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Retire Inefficient Vehicles

Description Results

-
In this measure, the city aims to retire older, inefficient vehicles,
including both cars and motorcycles, from city streets.
The measure targets 8 percent of the most inefficient cars and Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
12 percent of the most inefficient two-wheelers to be scrapped (Million KM/year)
or removed from use. This policy can be enforced through
several methods, such as requiring vehicles to pass minimum 10
efficiency tests for registration renewal or limiting street GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
access to vehicles below a certain age threshold. The policy

1,553
should be paired with incentives designed to motivate vehicle
owners to transition towards more efficient and sustainable
mobility options. Total Cost (INR crore)

Context
The government of India introduced the Vehicle Scrappage Implementation Next Steps
Policy in 2021 (TERI, 2022). This policy targets the retirement
The implementation of the Vehicle Scrappage Policy can begin
of old and inefficient vehicles that no longer meet the required
with the establishment of Automated Test Stations (ATS)
fitness and emission standards. It mandates that vehicles
through a collaborative effort between the state government
undergo fitness tests after the expiration of their registration
and private partners, who will provide the necessary land
period—20 years for passenger vehicles and 15 years for
and machinery. A centralized database can be developed
commercial vehicles. To encourage vehicle owners to comply,
to manage vehicle fitness tests and ensure compliance,
the policy offers incentives for scrapping old vehicles and
with a notification system in place to remind owners of their
purchasing newer, more efficient ones. The incentives include
vehicle’s test schedules. Penalties can be imposed for
up to 5 percent discount for purchasing a new vehicle; a vehicle
non-compliance. Additionally, the city can enforce age
registration fee waiver; up to 25 percent and 15 percent refund
restrictions on vehicle registration to prevent older vehicles
of road tax for personal and commercial vehicles, respectively;
from other states from entering the local vehicle pool.
and scrap value equivalent to 4 to 6 percent of the ex-showroom
Public awareness campaigns will be crucial in educating
price of the new vehicle.
residents about the policy’s benefits, with programs designed
The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) specifically for the region. Finally, the state government can
launched a Voluntary Vehicle Fleet Modernization Program in assist in land acquisition for Registered Vehicle Scrapping
2021 that aims for phased scrapping of government and public Facilities (RVSFs), recognizing the high resource demands of
sector units (PSU) vehicles older than 15 years. these centers.

The following case study highlights an implementation example

from Bangkok, Thailand.

48
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Case Study: Bangkok, Thailand

Image: Oat Appleseed on Unsplash

The Bangkok Motorcycle Upgrade Project sought to promote better maintenance practices and encourage the retirement of inefficient two-stroke motorcycles.

Problem
? Inefficient two-stroke motorcycles constituted 80% of the Bangkok fleet by the turn of the century, leading
to adverse effects on air quality, traffic congestion, and public health.

Solution
! Launched in 2000, the Bangkok Motorcycle Upgrade Project (MUP) sought to promote better maintenance and
encourage the retirement of inefficient two-stroke motorcycles. The project facilitated scrapping and repair,
raised awareness, and offered financial incentives such as trade-in coupons.

Results
The project sought to replace 21,000 vehicles with new, less polluting models and decrease the number of
motorcycles over five years old from 290,000 (approximately 42% of the fleet) in 2000 to around 180,000
by 2004. In the end, the project yielded a net benefit of of $20.2 million and a benefit-to-cost ratio of 3.1.

Financing
The project was a PPP, with motorcycle manufacturers and dealers financing and executing motorcycle
upgrades while providing financial and in-kind incentives to encourage proper maintenance and purchase
of newer models.

Sources: World Bank, 2003.

49
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Minimum Efficiency for New Vehicles

Description Results

-
With this measure, the city mandates minimum efficiency
requirements for all new vehicles, including cars and
motorcycles. The results are based on a 15 percent Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
improvement in average car efficiency and 10 percent (Million KM/year)
improvement in two-wheeler efficiency. This policy aims
to reduce emissions from internal combustion engines across 29
various modes of transportation, while also encouraging GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
the adoption of electric vehicles and the use of cleaner fuel

2,925
alternatives to foster a more sustainable urban environment.

Context Total Cost (INR crore)

The government has established fuel consumption standards
for new passenger cars since fiscal year 2017-18, which are
enforced by the Ministry of Power (The Gazette of India, 2015).
Implementation Next Steps
These standards are part of the Corporate Average Fuel
Consumption (CAFC) norms, which mandate manufacturers While fuel standards exist for passenger cars, they are still
to maintain a certain average fuel efficiency across all the needed for two-wheelers. The city could work with
vehicles they sell. stakeholders to pilot a corporate average fuel consumption
standard for the new two-wheelers. This could be an effective
There is no specific fuel consumption standard for the
way to encourage the adoption of modern technologies and
two-wheeler segment, though it represents a significant
accelerate the electrification of the fleet, which is crucial for
portion of sales and fuel consumption. In fiscal year 2020-21,
reducing GHG emissions in the long term.
two-wheelers accounted for more than 80 percent of total
vehicle sales and were responsible for 60 percent of India’s
petrol consumption (ICCT, 2021).

50
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

Description Results

23
This measure encourages residents and businesses to switch
from vehicles with internal combustion engines to electric
vehicles (EVs) by providing charging infrastructure accessible Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
to the public. The city has a robust, future-ready Charging (Million km/year)
Infrastructure Plan in place. The measure aims for 500 public
chargers installed throughout the city. 1.6
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
Context
Pimpri Chinchwad, a part of the Pune Urban Agglomeration,
is one of the six urban areas identified by the Maharashtra State
67
Total Cost (INR crore)
EV Policy to accelerate the adoption of EVs in the state. The city
has taken proactive measures to support the EV transition and
align with the national and state government EV policies. One of
the key initiatives is the establishment of a city EV cell (PCMC,
Implementation Next Steps
2023), a dedicated and coordinated governance body to With the city’s EV Readiness Plan in place, the adoption of
facilitate EV ecosystem-related developments in the city and electric vehicles will likely surge, fostering a cleaner and more
engage with various stakeholders. sustainable urban environment while reducing carbon
emissions and dependency on traditional fossil fuels.
The city has also developed an EV readiness plan, which aims
to achieve 30 percent EV penetration in new vehicle However, the city needs to create a detailed plan for the
registrations by 2026. The plan includes strategies such as charging infrastructure that identifies local barrier and sets
installing at least 100 public/semi-public charging points by design guidelines and standards, digital payment options,
2023 and 500 by 2025, as well as establishing at least 100 and vendor selection guidelines.
public/semi-public battery swapping points by 2025. The city’s
The city can start by conducting a demand assessment and
efforts have shown positive results, as the total share of EVs
gap analysis to identify the optimal locations and types of
in new vehicle registrations between June 2022 and April 2023
charging stations and battery swapping facilities required in
was approximately 11 percent, according to the Regional
the city. This will help develop detailed design specifications
Transport Office (RTO) Pimpri Chinchwad.
for the charging and battery swapping infrastructure,
Currently, the city incentivizes the installation of EV charging including the technical, operational, and safety standards, as
stations by granting a 2 percent property tax rebate to well as the user interface and payment options. The city can
individual owners and a 5 percent rebate to housing societies. look into opportunities for private sector investment and
space rental to build charging points. Implementation of
charging infrastructure could be undertaken by PSUs on their
premises, such as fuel companies.

It is important to consider the carbon intensity of the

electricity used to power new electric vehicles. If the carbon
intensity of electricity is high, as is the case with the national
grid in India, the carbon savings resulting from a switch to
electric vehicles will be minimal. Therefore, it is recommended
to pair vehicle charging stations with renewable electricity
generation to maximize the carbon impact.

The following case study illustrates an implementation example

from Thane, India.

51
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Case Study: Thane, India

Image: Fer Troulik on Unsplash

Thane Municipal Corporation partnered with Mahindra & Mahindra Limited and Kinetic Green to set up 100 e-charging stations in Thane.

Problem
? Thane has set out to foster an electric vehicle ecosystem that addresses key mobility challenges faced by
the city’s residents, such as last-mile connectivity, traffic congestion, and air pollution.

Solution
! In 2019, the city teamed up with two local partners to establish 100 e-charging stations in Thane, with
additional support from the IFC. Public spaces near malls, theaters and other areas are targeted, and owners
can enjoy subsidized charging rates for the first three years.

Results
The deployment of 100 e-charging stations was expected to reduce CO₂ emissions by 43% in 2021 compared
to a business-as-usual scenario, translating to a reduction of 3,981 tonnes of CO2 emissions daily. Notably,
the stations will feature battery swapping technologies, and the city will also aid in procuring electric vehicles
and facilitating loans.

Financing
The partners will cover the setup cost of these stations, while Thane Municipal Corporation will provide
the land and be responsible for covering the maintenance costs of the stations for the next 15 years.

Sources: DNA India, 2018; Ghangurde, 2018.

52
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Promote Private Electric Vehicles

Description Context
This measure aims to increase privately-owned EVs in the city, The share of EVs in new vehicle registrations in Pimpri
with the results based on 180,000 new EVs added to the Chinchwad is steadily increasing (Figure 15). The city registers
city-wide fleet. The city has been proactive in promoting the approximately 150,000 new vehicles every year. Before 2021,
adoption of EVs to reduce air pollution and GHG emissions. the share of EVs in the new vehicle registrations in Pimpri
The city has successfully implemented its EV Readiness Plan, Chinchwad was 1 percent. After the notification of the
which outlines various strategies and actions to facilitate the Maharashtra State EV Policy in 2021, EV penetration has been
transition to EVs. The city regularly revisits its targets and more pronounced. Currently, EVs represent over 11 percent
monitors its progress in achieving them. Some of the key of new vehicle registrations in Pimpri Chinchwad (Pimpri
initiatives under the EV Readiness Plan include providing Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, 2023).
preferential parking spaces for EVs, mandating EV-ready
parking spaces in existing and upcoming residential and In partnership with the Electric Vehicle Cell of the city and
commercial establishments, directing fleet aggregators to the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI), the city has formulated
switch to EVs in a phased manner, updating building bylaws the Pimpri Chinchwad City Electric Vehicle Readiness plan.
to be inclusive of EV charging, and so on. The city also benefits The plan's objective is to achieve a 30 percent EV penetration
from awareness campaigns that educate the public about the rate by 2026. To facilitate this, the city has set a target of
environmental and economic benefits of EVs. Moreover, the city electrifying 50 percent of the three-wheeler fleet, 40 percent
is developing a robust network of EV charging stations across of the two-wheeler fleet, and 15 percent of car fleet. A 48
the city, which removes the range anxiety of EV users and percent and 20 percent target has been set for three-wheeler
encourages more people to opt for EVs. and four-wheeler goods carriers, respectively (PCMC, 2023).

2,500 18%

16%
Maharashtra
EV policy 2021
launched 14%
2,000

12%

10%
1,500
8%

6%

1000
4%

2%

500 0%
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

2021 2022 2023

EV
2-Wheelers 3-Wheelers 4-Wheelers Others
Penetration

Figure 15: New EV Registrations in Pimpri Chinchwad. Source: Adopted from Pimpri Chinchwad City EV Readiness Plan (Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal
Corporation, 2023).

53
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Some of the incentives offered for EVs are: Results

1. State-level subsidies: The Maharashtra State EV Policy
provides demand incentives for EV buyers, such as exemp 612
tion from road tax and registration fees, and direct subsidies Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
based on battery capacity (Environment and Climate Change (Million km/year)
Department- Maharashtra, 2021).

2. Property tax rebate: The city incentivizes the installation 50

of EV charging stations by granting a 2 percent property tax GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
rebate to individual owners and a 5 percent rebate to
housing societies (PCMC, 2023).
14,985
3. Lower rate of interest (ROI) on loans to EV buyers: Bank Total Cost (INR crore)
of Maharashtra has a Maha Super Green Car Loan Scheme
that offers 0.25 percent concession in ROI from its existing
car loan scheme (Bank of Maharashtra, 2024). Similarly,
Union Bank has a Union Green Miles scheme that offers Implementation Next Steps
loans for EVs with flexible repayment options. Other banks Further scoping is needed to increase the adoption of EVs
like SBI, Axis Bank, and HDFC Bank also have special in the city. Successful implementation of policies related to
schemes for EV loans (Kulkarni, 2022). preferential parking and mandating EV-ready parking spaces
will help encourage citizens to switch to EVs as it eliminates
issues related to adequate parking and the widespread
presence of EV-ready infrastructure. In addition, the city
administration can guarantee the inclusion of EV charging
infrastructure in new residential and commercial buildings
by making the required changes to building bylaws.
Also, an EV awareness campaign that targets the consumers
and is led by the city administration can help increase the
knowledge of EVs among the people.

The city can also seek to enable financing for EV purchasers by

working with financial institutions. Financing can be enabled
through incentives with banks, urban local bodies (ULBs), and
central government vehicle tax relief. Furthermore, the city’s EV
cell can examine the feasibility of offering financial assistance
to private service providers of first- and last-mile connectivity
by partnering with Maha Metro and PMPML.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Bicycle Lanes

Description Results

121
With this measure, the city aims to increase NMT with the
addition of 150 km of dedicated bicycle lanes. The city has
embraced a series of initiatives aimed at supporting NMT and Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
making 100 percent of its streets safe for cycling. To solidify (Million KM/year)
these efforts, the city will implement a robust monitoring
system to track NMT usage and its effects on travel patterns,
safety, and environmental quality. This data-driven approach
15.1
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
will guide future infrastructure and policy development.

Context 10
Thirty-three percent of the city’s daily trips in Pimpri
Total Cost (INR crore)
Chinchwad, including trips to access jobs, education, and
amenities, are made by foot and cycle (Civil-BRTS Department
-PCMC, 2022). In the last decade, private motor vehicle
ownership in the city has been rising by around one lakh per Implementation Next Steps
year. This exponential upsurge has resulted in increased
To further the initiatives, the city can set up a monitoring
congestion, road accidents, and a sharp decline in air quality.
system that can track the usage of NMT infrastructure and its
Initiatives taken by the city include: impact on travel behavior, safety, and environment quality.
The data collected will inform future decisions on infrastructure
1. NMT Policy: The city intends to create a statutory frame
expansion and improvements, as well as policy revisions.
work to prioritize NMT in the city. The policy strives to ensure
proper planning, design, implementation, and management The integration of cycling with other public transport modes
of footpaths and cycleways. One of the 15-years outcome of is another key aspect. Strategies can be developed to provide
the policy is to make 100 percent of streets safe for cycling by secure bicycle parking at transit stations and to accommodate
creating dedicated cycle tracks or by using traffic calming bicycles on public transport, making longer, multi-modal
measures to create safe, low-speed space that can be shared journeys more feasible.
by motorized and non-motorized vehicles. The following case study highlights an implementation example
2. Cycles4Change: Under the Cycles4Change Initiative of the from Bogotá, Colombia.
Government of India Smart Cities Mission, 5 km of pop-up
cycle lanes were created on Aundh-Ravet Road and other
streets to encourage cycling and provide a safe route for
cyclists (ITDP, 2022).

3. Harit Setu Masterplan: The city's "Harit Setu" (green

connectivity) Master Plan aims to improve links between
residential, commercial, and other properties. Cycling lanes
will serve as the foundation for a pilot "15-minute city"
initiative in which inhabitants may reach the majority of
amenities via bicycle. (Bloomberg Cities, 2023).

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Case Study: Bogotá, Colombia

Image: © Municipality of Bogota

CicloRutas enables 450,000 daily trips, saving the average family $165 per month.

Problem
? Once plagued by traffic congestion, air pollution, and overcrowded buses, Bogotá has cemented its
commitment to sustainable transportation by expanding the city’s extensive bicycle lane network.

Solution
! In 2020, officials announced plans to add 280 km of bike lanes to the existing 550 km network over the next
four years. To make cycling more accessible, bicycles are available for lease in designated sites throughout
the city, and GPS tracking allows cyclists to find routes, parking, and share tips.

Results
CicloRuta enables 450,000 daily trips, saving the average family $165 per month. Increased usage has also
reduced bicycle-related deaths and injuries, as well as CO2 emissions by 33,203 tonnes in over 10 years.
Bogotá currently leads Latin America with almost 7% of all trips made on bicycles.

Financing
The funding for this initiative is a joint effort between the city government and a grant received from the
World Bank in 1996 for the first CicloRuta lanes.

Sources: Colombia Country Brand, n.d.; Development Asia, 2016; Smith, 2010.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Extend BRT System

Description Results

54
This measure includes constructing a 40 km extension to the
current BRT system. BRT systems are bus networks that
operate on purposely constructed, dedicated lanes, similar to Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
rail networks. Extending the BRT system includes building new (Million km/year)
service corridors, as well as building new stations. The results
are based on a daily ridership increase of 700,000 passengers.
5
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
Context
PMPML is actively reshaping the city’s public transport,
emphasizing the strategic expansion of the BRT system.
4,582
Currently, 449 BRT buses serve Pimpri Chinchwad through
Total Cost (INR crore)
three key depots: Bhosari, Pimpri, and Nigdi. The Rainbow BRT
system is a hybrid bus rapid transit system with a daily ridership
of 520,000 passengers. The system uses 45.5 km of dedicated
two-way bus lanes with 92 stations and extends in mixed traffic Implementation Next Steps
to outlying areas.
The city's strategic expansion of the BRT system is expected
PMPML initiatives include: to begin with a series of intentional activities targeted at
improving the public transport framework. The rationalization
1. Route expansion: Currently operating on 6 corridors,
of routes is central to this effort, and it will require a detailed
the plan envisions a 150 km BRT network throughout
investigation of urban growth trends to identify new
Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad. The ongoing dialogue with
high-demand locations. This will allow for route optimization
the ministry reflects a keen awareness of the need for
for maximum efficiency, ensuring that the BRT network
optimal routes.
successfully serves the increasing regions. In addition, the user
2. New electric bus depots: Two new electric depots are experience at new BRT stations will be improved by the
planned in Charholi and Nigdi to accommodate 102 and inclusion of facilities such as real-time information displays,
90 electric buses respectively. Wi-Fi access, and comfortable waiting areas. A feedback
mechanism will also be implemented to continuously improve
3. Command Centre and Technological Integration: PMPML
service quality based on passenger input. The BRT system could
is set to introduce a command center with a mobile
be funded through government grants and schemes such as
application. Collaborating with the Google team, the
Smart Cities Mission and AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation
application will feature GPS tracking, mapping of stops,
and Urban Transformation), municipal bonds, and loans for
and real-time information.
urban infrastructure projects from private banks and
international financial institutions.

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Expand & Electrify BRT Bus Fleet

Description Context
This measure includes the addition of 192 new electric BRT PMPML plays a pivotal role in addressing the growing
buses, representing 20 percent of the BRT bus fleet. As part demand for efficient and sustainable transit solutions in the
of its efforts through EV Readiness Plan, the city works with region. With a total fleet of 2,079 buses and a daily ridership
PMPML to optimize business models for e-bus procurement and of 1.3 million passengers, PMPML serves both Pune and Pimpri
skill development of existing employees. The city has already Chinchwad, operating 1,750 buses on the road, out of which
converted 40 percent of its BRT buses to electric vehicles, which only 89 are diesel-powered. In Pimpri Chinchwad, PMPML
emit zero tailpipe emissions and have lower operating costs. operates 120 electric, 300 compressed natural gas (CNG),
To support the electrification of its bus fleet, the city has a and 29 diesel buses (Figure 16). Based on a study, PMPML
robust network of EV charging stations across its territory, has 26 buses per lakh population, which is half of the MoHUA
ensuring that the buses can run smoothly and efficiently benchmark of 50 buses per lakh population (ITDP, 2022).
throughout the day.

Diesel Buses CNG Buses E-Buses

1250

1000

750
Bus Fleet

500

250

0
2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022

Figure 16: PMPML’s transition to Clean and Modern buses in past decade. Source: PMPML Office.

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation
Image: IFC

PMPML Electric bus fleet.

PMPML initiatives include: Results

1. Phase-out of Diesel Buses: PMPML aims to completely
replace diesel buses with CNG buses by 2028. 2,039
2. Electric Buses: PMPML’s e-bus project features 650 electric
Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
midi and standard e-buses, with 458 already in operation.
(Million km/year)
These include 433 12-meter BRT buses and 25 9-meter
non-BRT buses. Additionally, plans are underway to 218
establish two more electric depots in Charholi and Nigdi, GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
along with the addition of 192 more electric buses
(PMPML, 2023).
482
3. Community Engagement: PMPML actively engages with Total Cost (INR crore)
the community through awareness campaigns, surveys,
and collaboration with local NGOs. Special initiatives,
such as discounted rates for student passes and working
Implementation Next Steps
professionals, contribute to their commitment to A strategic plan is required to electrify and grow PMPML’s bus
sustainability. fleet. This roadmap would detail the transition to electric
buses, including specific timelines and milestones, as well as
key performance indicators to track progress. New buses could
be funded through ULB and Smart City budgets, financial
institutions, and Central Government Schemes like FAME II
(Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric
Vehicles) and NCAP (The National Clean Air Program) Fund.

The following case study shows an implementation example from

Zhengzhou, China.

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Case Study: Zhengzhou, China

Image: Windmemories on Wikimedia Commons

The Zhengzhou BRT project features one of the largest fleets of hybrid and electric buses in the world.

Problem
? As with many Chinese cities, Zhengzhou faces challenges from a surge in private vehicles, leading to concerns
around traffic congestion and air pollution.

Solution

!
Zhengzhou’s BRT project features over 2,000 hybrid and plug-in hybrid buses, alongside more than 110 fully
electric buses. To support the large fleet of battery-electric buses, the city also planned to establish three
public battery swapping stations and 143 charging stations by 2020.

Results
Hybrid and electric buses emit 40 to 60% less GHG emissions than conventional buses and operate on zero
emissions in the city center. The electric buses in Zhengzhou alone have resulted in emission reductions of
around 1,000 tonnes of CO2. By providing more sustainable options, the project encourages people to make
the switch to public transport.

Financing
The project is fully funded by the local government through budgetary allocations. Although the BRT
generates some revenue from ticket sales, these only partially cover operational costs and are supplemented
with subsidies from the Zhengzhou Development and Reform Commission.

Sources: GIZ, 2020; Grütter, 2014; UNFCCC, 2015; UNFCCC, 2017.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Extend Metro System

Description Context
This measure includes the 4.5 km Phase 1A extension of the The metro infrastructure in the city is a part of the Pune Metro
Pune Metro from PCMC station to Nigdi, consisting of 3 stations. project (Figure 17), which aims to provide a fast, reliable, and
The city also engages in a partnership with Maha Metro to eco-friendly mass transit system for the city and its surrounding
promote the usage of public transportation and areas. As of August 2023, the Pune Metro is operating 6 stations
environmentally sustainable last-mile connectivity. along 7 km within Pimpri-Chinchwad, from PCMC station to
This involves the provision of e-bikes, charging points, and Dapodi station. Expected ridership is about 20,000 passengers
shared electric auto-rickshaws at metro stations, along with per day. The flow of passengers between Pimpri-Chinchwad
the opportunity for commuters to bring bicycles on the trains. and Pune is more or less equal in both directions, with 80
To further support ridership, the city can enhance percent of passengers commuting to and from work and 20
pedestrian-friendly pathways around metro stations, ensure percent of passengers joyriding on the new system. The Pune
convenient accessibility, and establish parking facilities in Metro is owned by Maha Metro, a joint venture between the
proximity to major junctions. Government of India and Government of Maharashtra. The city
has contributed to the system with land as well as 5 percent of
the INR 116.2 billion (USD 1.4 billion) cost for Lines 1 and 2.

CORRIDOR ROUTE LEGEND

PCMC
NORTH SOUTH ELEVATED
Sant Tukaram Nagar CORRIDOR PCMC TO PHUGEWADI
(INAUGURATED ON 6th MARCH 2022)

Bhosari (Nashik Phata) ELEVATED

PHUGEWADI TO RANGE HILL
(INAUGURATED ON 1st AUGUST 2023)
Kasarwadi UNDERGROUND
RANGE HILL TO CIVIL COURT
(INAUGURATED ON 1st AUGUST 2023)

Phugewadi EAST WEST ELEVATED

CORRIDOR VANAZ TO GARWARE COLLEGE
(INAUGURATED ON 6th MARCH 2022)
Dapodi
ELEVATED
GARWARE COLLEGE TO RUBY CLINIC
Bopodi (INAUGURATED ON 1st AUGUST 2023)

ELEVATED
RUBY CLINIC TO RAMWADI
(UNDER PROGRESS)

RANGE
HILL Ramwadi
DEPOT

Kalyani Nagar
Yerawada
Shivaji Nagar Bund Garden
Civil
Court Ruby Clinic
ChatrapatiPMC Pune Railway Station
Mangalwar Peth
HILL VIEW
PARK CAR Sambhaji Udyan
DEPOT
Deccan Gymkhana Budhwar Peth
Ideal Colony
Garware Mandai
Vanaz Anand College
Nagar Nal Stop

Swargate

Figure 17: Route map of Pune Metro Rail Project. Source: https://www.punemetrorail.org/route-map.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Results

39
Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
(Million km/year)

5
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)

583
Total Cost (INR crore)

Implementation Next Steps

Pune Metro expansion plans for the Pimpri-Chinchwad area include: Phase 1A northwards extension from PCMC station to Nigdi
(4.5 km, 3 stations, 43,000/day ridership); and Phase 2 Line 3 from Hinjewadi to Shivajinagar (23 km, 22 stations, 330,000/day
ridership). Line 3 will be implemented by Pune Metropolitan Region Development Authority (PMRDA) througha PPP.

Regarding last-mile connectivity and ridership, the city can work with stakeholders and transport-related NGOs to develop strategic
plans and demonstration projects for improving accessibility of stations and multi-modal transfer opportunities, particularly
related to NMT.

Aerial view of PCMC Metro station.

Image: https://www.punemetrorail.org/station/pcmc/

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Add Park-and-ride Lot to Transit Stations

Description Results

2
In this measure, the city builds a park-and-ride lot next to a
transit station. A park-and-ride lot is a parking facility for public
transport riders, where they can leave their private vehicles Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
to avoid driving into the city. Park-and-ride lots can help (Million km/year)
increase public transport ridership in areas without adequate
feeder buses, such as suburban and peri-urban areas. The 0.3
results consider 780 two-wheeler parking spaces added near GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
metro and BRT bus stations leading to additional 1,170 transit

26
riders daily.

Context Total Cost (INR crore)

The city has made parking available for BRT users at 6 spots
along the Nashik Phata-Wakad corridor. These parking spaces
accommodate 57 automobiles, 365 two-wheelers, and 171 Implementation Next Steps
bicycles (PCMC, n.d.).
To improve the park-and-ride system and encourage public
Maha Metro has introduced a pay-and-park service at 8 metro transport use, the city should explore expanding parking
stations of the Pune Metro. Three of these stations are within services to additional transit stations, particularly those in
the Pimpri Chinchwad limits, offering parking capacity for 90 high-traffic regions. The city can evaluate the potential of
automobiles, 165 two-wheelers, and 42 bicycles (PuneMirror multi-level parking structures to maximize space efficiency.
Bureau, 2024). PPPs can be formed to fund, construct, and run new parking
facilities, with a revenue-sharing framework to encourage
private investment while ensuring public accessibility.
PMPML and Maha Metro can collaborate with the city to find
and acquire suitable land for park-and-ride facilities, and
underutilized government land can also be considered.

The following case study highlights an implementation example

from Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Case Study: Abu Dhabi, UAE

Image: Ruffa Jane Reyes on Unsplash

Since 2021, Abu Dhabi’s ‘Park & Ride’ service has allowed residents and visitors to park their vehicles in designated spots and travel the city for free
on public buses

Problem
? Abu Dhabi is turning to park-and-ride lots to assist motorists in avoiding toll charges and support the
emirate’s efforts to alleviate traffic congestion during peak hours.

Solution
! Since 2021, the so-called ‘Park & Ride’ service has allowed residents and visitors to park their vehicles in
designated spots and hop aboard a public bus for free. Offering 1,000 parking spaces as a starting point,
users can receive a card at no cost for three individuals, with unlimited use for one day.

Results
A total of 58 trips are arranged daily. To ensure that the service meets the needs of the public, the Integrated
Transport Centre will continually evaluate its performance. If demand for the service increases, they will
explore the possibility of expanding the free bus service by adding more destinations and buses.

Financing
While there are no parking charges or bus fare, those traveling without a Park & Ride service card will be
subject to a $55 fine.

Sources: Emirates News Agency, 2020; Gupta, 2021; SJ, n.d.

64
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Introduce Fare Integration & Smart Transit Fare Cards

Across Transit System

Description Results

27
In this measure, the city implements a robust Integrated Smart
Transit System that combines fair integration system and
common smart transit fare cards for streamlined, secure, Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
and cashless travel experience. This system allows riders to (Million km/year)
seamlessly travel across different public transport modes—
be it buses or metro—using a single, reloadable smart card. 23
By tapping or swiping their card, passengers can pay for their GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
journey and switch between various transit agencies without

-
the need for multiple tickets. This integration simplifies the
payment process, reduces transit time, and encourages the
use of public transportation by making it more accessible Total Cost (INR crore)
and user-friendly.
Note: This is considered a policy measure that is not costed in the current
Context version of APEX tool.

The Rainbow BRT system in Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad

initially started with traditional payment methods, primarily
cash payments to the bus conductor upon boarding.
Implementation Next Steps
The introduction of an Intelligent Traffic Management System PMPML and Maha Metro can launch a pilot program to test the
(ITMS) in 2015 enhanced the efficiency and quality of the bus interoperability of the One Pune Card across a select number
service by providing real-time information. At present, PMPML of PMPML buses and Pune Metro services. This initial phase is
buses have QR-based payment systems in all ticketing crucial for gathering data on usage patterns and system
machines. Passengers can request a QR code from the performance, as well as user feedback. Simultaneously, the
conductor to make online payments for their tickets. existing ITMS will undergo technological upgrades to support
The service accepts all types of Unified Payments Interface the smart card across both public transport modes. The
(UPI) payments. installation of additional card readers and digital kiosks at all
metro stations and major bus stops will facilitate easy access
The payment options for Pune Metro include traditional options
and top-up options for the One Pune Card. Additionally, like
like cash, debit and credit cards, as well as UPI mobile wallets.
FASTag, the national electronic toll collection in India, One
The tickets can be purchased at ticket counters and digital kiosk
Pune Card can be linked to passengers’ UPI mobile wallets
at metro stations. Additionally, there’s the One Pune Card
managed by their issuer bank. This can eliminate the hassle
(smart transit card), which can be used for various transactions
of regular top-up of the smart card.
within the metro system. There has been a proposal to
implement a single ticket system that would allow the use of The following case study illustrates an implementation example
One Pune Card for both Pune Metro and PMPML buses. from Seoul, South Korea.

65
 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Case Study: Seoul, South Korea

Image: Allen Yoo on Unsplash

By 2014, T-Money dominated subway and bus transactions in Seoul, with over 14 million card transactions daily.

Problem
? As part of the launch of its integrated fare system, the city of Seoul took further measures to enhance the
convenience, efficiency and quality of its public transport services.

Solution
! Launched in 2004, the T-Money smart card is Seoul’s proprietary public payment card which allows
commuters to pay for all public transport services. Like the integrated fare system, T-Money charges
passengers based on the total distance they have traveled on any mode of public transportation.

Results
By 2014, T-Money had become the preferred payment method for almost all subway and bus transactions in
the Seoul metropolitan area, with over 14 million card transactions daily. Besides promoting public transport,
T-Money's collected data helps with Seoul's smart transport management and big data analysis, improving
public transport services in the city.

Financing
T-Money is the result of a collaboration between the Seoul Metropolitan Government and an IT company as
part of a PPP.

Sources: Development Asia, 2019.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Electrification of Municipal Fleet

Description Results

0.7
In this measure, the city transitions its service vehicles,
such as garbage trucks, utility vehicles, passenger vehicles
and other municipal service vehicles, from conventional Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
internal combustion engines to electric power. This shift aims (Million km/year)
to reduce GHG emissions, lower operating costs, and decrease
dependency on fossil fuels. It involves not only acquiring EVs 0.1
but also establishing the necessary charging infrastructure GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
at municipal depots, maintenance facilities, and other service

17
areas to support the new fleet. This transition supports
environmental sustainability and can contribute to cleaner air
and reduced noise pollution in urban areas. The results Total Cost (INR crore)
consider 100 percent of municipal owned automobiles and light
duty vehicles are replaced with EVs, approximately 200 vehicles. Note: This is considered a policy measure that is not costed in the current
version of APEX tool.

Context
The city has historically managed a sizable fleet of petrol and
diesel vehicles, incurring substantial monthly costs.
Acknowledging the environmental toll and escalating expenses, Implementation Next Steps
the city undertook a comprehensive fleet evaluation. Out of
As the city works to electrify its municipal fleet, several key
1011 vehicles, 534 were either scrapped or sold through
actions can be taken to ensure a smooth transition. The
auctions, and 30-40 non-operational vehicles are slated for
expansion of charging infrastructure is critical, necessitating a
scrapping. Currently, the city operates 121 automobiles (cars,
rapid installation at municipal facilities and service locations
vans, jeeps), 79 light duty vehicles (small trucks, tractors, and
to accommodate both existing and future EVs. A review of the
buses); and 18 heavy duty vehicles (big trucks and excavators)
city’s EV Policy can be done to ensure that the electrification
leading to INR 3.85 crore (USD 0.46 million) in annual fuel
project's aims are met. Procurement strategies can be put in
expenses.
place to prioritize electric vehicles and related technologies.
The city has leased 79 EVs for five years, in addition to the 22 Financial planning will remain a top priority, with an emphasis
EVs it already operates, to replace the conventional vehicles on the most cost-effective financial models for leasing versus
used for official and political transportation (Pathare, 2023). purchasing EVs, as well as potential subsidies and incentives.
The city aims to phase out all petrol and diesel vehicles and Finally, regular evaluations of the fleet composition and
adopt a flexible rental model for EVs, which is expected to consumption trends may be done to optimize efficiency and
reduce the monthly expenses by 50 percent in terms of driver cost-effectiveness, ensuring the municipal fleet remains
salaries, insurance, maintenance, repairs, and fuel. sustainable and economic.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Transportation

Electrification of Auto-Rickshaws

Description Results

382
This measure aims to add 17,000 new electric auto-rickshaws
(e-autos), based on 50 percent penetration target set by the
city. Auto-rickshaws are a vital part of the city's transport Fossil Fuel VKT Reduced
system, but they also pose environmental and social (Million km/year)
challenges. By adopting the e-auto policy and encouraging the
transition to electric rickshaws, the city can address these 8.7
challenges and achieve multiple benefits for its people. E-autos GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
can offer a cleaner, greener, and smarter mobility solution for

354
the city, and make it a model city for EV adoption in India.

Context Total Cost (INR crore)

Auto-rickshaws are a popular mode of transport for the
residents and visitors of the city, as they provide convenient
and affordable mobility options. The adoption of CNG Implementation Next Steps
auto-rickshaws became mandatory in 2009 with a view to
To enhance the penetration of e-auto rickshaws, the city could
reduce air pollution. Now, there are more than 34,000 existing
expand its strategy beyond the current incentive. Developing a
CNG three-wheelers in the city. Although slightly less than
robust infrastructure with dedicated charging stations and
petrol auto-rickshaws, CNG auto-rickshaws still emit harmful
maintenance facilities is crucial for ensuring convenience and
gases and contribute GHG emissions.
reliability. Additional financial incentives such as low-interest
To address these issues, the city has launched an e-auto policy, loans, subsidies for battery replacement, and reduced
which aims to promote the adoption of electric auto-rickshaws electricity rates for charging could further encourage drivers
in the city (Bhusari, 2023). According to the policy, e-auto to make the switch.
owners can avail an incentive of INR 5,000 per kWh or INR
Raising public awareness about the benefits of e-autos through
30,000 per e-auto, whichever is lower. The incentive is part of
targeted campaigns can increase demand and acceptance.
the Pimpri Chinchwad City Electric Vehicle Readiness Plan 2023,
Policy support, including priority lanes, parking spaces, and
which aims to achieve 50 percent EV penetration in
access to high-demand areas, can make e-autos a more
three-wheeler auto registrations by 2026.
attractive option. Furthermore, partnerships with companies
Furthermore, no permit is required for e-auto-rickshaws, as per that promote the use of EVs, like Uber’s introduction of electric
the notification issued by MoRTH, Government of India. auto-rickshaws in Ayodhya, can help boost visibility and usage.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures

Waste

Measures in the waste sector aim to divert waste from landfill

and extract value from waste materials, including through
composting, anaerobic digestion, and waste-to-energy.
The city has ambitions to have nearly zero waste sent to landfill,
as well as extract value from waste currently sitting in landfills.
The treatment measures are complimented by actions like
reducing waste generation through a single use plastic ban, as
well as expanding waste collection services to accommodate
a rapidly growing city population.

Table 7: Summary of all Waste measures.

Landfill
Waste Reduced GHG Savings Total Cost
Measure (ktCO₂e/year) (INR crore)
(kt/year)
27 29 268
1. Decentralized Composting
0.3 1 -

2. Ban Single Use Plastics 26 26 17

128 122 979

3. Improve Waste Collection 54 66 14

236 244 1,278

4. Waste-to-Energy (Hydrogen) Plant

5. Centralized Anaerobic Digestion

Total

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Waste

Decentralized Composting

Description Results

27
In this measure, the city mandates decentralized composting
facilities in housing societies, apartment complexes, and
buildings used for commercial purposes. The results consider Landfill Waste Reduced
that 15 percent of domestic and 5 percent of commercial (kt/year)
organic waste is converted into compost.

Context
29
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
Over half of the total municipal solid waste consists of organic
waste. This is equivalent to 594.4 tonnes per day (TPD) of
organic waste being sent to the landfill. The city aims to reduce
268
Total Cost (INR crore)
organic garbage collection and encourages citizens to
participate in home composting of waste produced in their
respective households (Bhusari, 2021).

Residential complexes located within municipal limits are Implementation Next Steps
eligible for a tax rebate ranging from 3 percent to 10 percent
While tax rebate incentives exist, there is still a challenge of
upon implementation of environmentally friendly projects.
housing societies not adopting compost systems. The city can
Such projects may include the establishment of an on-site
take several proactive steps to encourage uptake. First, the
composting system, adoption of a zero-waste system, or
city can conduct targeted engagement with key stakeholders
installation of sewage treatment plants (STPs) (Bhusari, 2023).
within housing societies, such as resident associations and
management committees. Misconceptions can be addressed
by explaining the benefits of composting and emphasizing
financial incentives available. Second, the city can highlight
demonstration projects. Selecting pilot housing societies
willing to participate and setting up model composting
systems allows residents to witness the process firsthand.
Success stories from other societies can further inspire
adoption. Third, the city can nudge participating using peer
influence and recognition. Leveraging successful adopters to
share experiences and recognizing early adopters can foster
healthy competition. Fourth, the city can assist with regular
follow-up and troubleshooting, including by appointing
composting champions, checking progress, and addressing
barriers with technical support. Finally, the city can ensure
continuous communication via newsletters and feedback
loops to keep residents informed and engaged.

The following case study highlights an implementation example

from Alappuzha, India.

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Waste

Case Study: Alappuzha, India

Image: https://www.kila.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Report.pdf

To fight environmental pollution caused by an alarming waste crisis in 2012, the city of Alappuzha launched decentralized composting
and anaerobic digestion.

Problem
? In 2012, Alappuzha was plagued by an alarming waste crisis which brought environmental pollution and
the outbreak of diseases, leading nearby residents to protest the municipality’s waste management.

Solution
! The city launched the Clean Homes Clean City pilot program in 12 urbanized wards, encouraging the
segregation of wet waste at the household and neighborhood level. Bio bins and small-scale biogas plants
were provided to households, while aerobic bin units were introduced at the community level.

Results
By 2016, 12 wards in Alappuzha had achieved Total Sanitation status, with 80% of households having
composting/biogas facilities and good sanitation facilities. As of 2022, only 54% of the aerobic bins in the
town were functional at a capacity of 34%, with poor maintenance, lack of acceptance, and poor working
conditions limiting long-term effectiveness.

Financing
Suchitwa Mission, the state’s nodal agency in charge of the sanitation program, provides a 75% subsidy to
biogas plants at a cost of approximately $61 to the user, and a 90% subsidy to the pipe composting system,
leaving installation costs at only $1.20.

Sources: Rakendu, 2022; Sambyal, 2016.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Waste

Ban Single Use Plastics

Description Results

0.3
This measure includes a ban in single-use plastic waste,
which is estimated to account for 2 percent of plastic waste
generated in the city. The ban is accompanied by awareness Landfill Waste Reduced
campaigns, imposing fines on violators, promoting alternatives (kt/year)
like cloth bags, and collaborating with businesses, industries,
and community organizations. 1
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
Context
About 10 percent of all solid waste generated in the city is
composed of plastic items. While much of the plastic can be
-
Total Cost (INR crore)
recycled, including bottles and other sturdy plastics, many
single-use items cannot, such as bags and wrappers.
The city has been implementing the single-use plastic ban
in its jurisdiction following the state government’s notification
Implementation Next Steps
of the Plastic Waste Management Amendment Rules in 2021.
The city is actively implementing a single-use plastic ban. They
Other efforts by the city to reduce single use plastic include:
are conducting awareness campaigns and encouraging cloth
1. Demonstration project. The city declared Thergaon Bhaji bags, as well as conducting inspections and issuing fines for
Mandi as a single-use plastic-free market. violators. To further reduce plastic waste, the city can engage
industries and implement Extended Producer Responsibility
2. Citywide inspection and awareness campaign to stop the
(EPR) programs for producers and brand owners. Community
usage of plastic bags and encourage the use of cloth bags.
partnerships and clean-up drives can also raise awareness
3. Imposing fines to prevent shopkeepers from selling the about the downstream effects of plastic pollution, while having
banned plastic bags and other single-use plastic items. a positive impact on the environment.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Waste

Improve Waste Collection

Description Results

26
This measure targets 100 percent of future generated waste
to be collected or treated on site. The city has implemented a
highly efficient solid waste management system that collects Landfill Waste Reduced
and processes almost all waste generated by residents. (kt/year)
With this measure, the city increases its capacity to maintain
a high level of service as the population—and waste 26
generation—grows in the future. Capital costs for this measure GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
include additional bins, additional trucks, and a waste

17
transfer station.

Context Total Cost (INR crore)

The city has achieved a high level of efficiency in its solid waste
management system, reducing unaccounted waste to only
2 percent. This indicates that almost all waste generated by
Implementation Next Steps
residents is collected and processed. The city employs a The city can monitor and evaluate the performance of the
house-to-house operation, wherein waste collectors visit each private contractors and the waste processing plants to ensure
household. Waste collection and transportation services are quality and efficiency. This can be done by using indicators such
outsourced to private contractors under a PPP model, with the as waste collection coverage, waste diversion rate, waste
city paying a fixed amount per tonne of waste collected. processing capacity, customer satisfaction, and others.
To encourage waste diversion from landfills, the city provides The city can also use data management and technology to track
incentives to collectors, such as allowing them to sell recyclable the waste collection and transportation vehicles, measure the
materials and paying a tipping fee for collecting additional waste quantity and composition, and identify the sources and
waste and delivering it to processing plants. destinations of waste. The funding for resources to improve
waste collection could be pursued through government grants,
such as Swachh Bharat Mission, and/or additional PPP
arrangements.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Waste

Waste-to-Energy Facility

Description Results

128
In this measure, the city works with the private sector to
construct a waste-to-hydrogen plant. Waste-to-hydrogen is a
process that converts municipal solid waste into hydrogen gas, Landfill Waste Reduced
which can be used as a clean fuel for transportation, power (kt/year)
generation, and industrial applications. This measure considers
a facility that processes approximately 500 TPD. 122
GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
Context
The city is planning to install a waste-to-hydrogen plant
in the city that will convert 500 TPD of MSW into hydrogen.
979
Total Cost (INR crore)
This project aims to contribute to the city's environmental
goals by diverting waste from the Moshi garbage depot,
complementing the existing waste-to-energy plant. Key
advantages of the waste-to-hydrogen project include reducing
Implementation Next Steps
landfill and incinerator use, thereby mitigating environmental The city can learn from the ongoing construction of a
and health concern; generating green hydrogen that emits waste-to-hydrogen plant in Pune (CNBCTV18, 2023).
no carbon dioxide or pollutants during combustion; and By studying this nearby facility, the city has the opportunity
establishing a local, renewable energy source to diminish to thoroughly assess the project's costs, benefits, risks, and
dependence on fossil fuels and enhance energy security. opportunities. This evaluation should also consider alignment
with local context and needs.

A potential avenue for project implementation is through a PPP,

mirroring the model of the Moshi waste-to-energy plant. In this
setup, the city provides the necessary land, while a private
solution provider designs, builds, and operates the plant for a
defined period. The city, in turn, offers a tipping fee per tonne
for the treated waste and shares revenue with the private
partner on the sale of hydrogen produced.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Waste

Centralized Anaerobic Digestion

Description Results

128
In this measure, the city collects and processes 30 percent of
food waste using anaerobic digestion. In anaerobic digestion
facilities, microorganisms break down organic waste in the Landfill Waste Reduced
absence of oxygen and produce a biogas that can be used as (kt/year)
fuel. Contamination of food waste, including food packaging
and utensils, can interfere with both mechanical and 122
biochemical aspects of the digestion process. Therefore, GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
food and beverage manufacturing and pre-consumer food

979
waste sources are preferred, as they tend to have lower levels
of contamination.
Total Cost (INR crore)
Context
The city has several small- and medium-scale food and
beverage manufacturing and agro-processing enterprises, Implementation Next Steps
as well as large hospitality facilities, fast food and fine dining
establishments such as hotels, restaurants, and street food The next step in implementation is a feasibility study. The study
vendors. This suggests that commercial food waste arisings should include a comprehensive assessment of food waste
are likely substantial. sources, including domestic and commercial arisings, as well as
determine the most practical placements, sizes, and types of
The city is on the verge of completing a 50 TPD bio-methanation anaerobic digestion equipment. Commercial food waste could
plant that will process kitchen waste for bulk producers, be targeted given its prevalence in the city and typically lower
such as hotels, resorts, industrial canteens, hostels, institutes, levels of contamination.
and others. The plant will be operated and maintained for
15 years by a private operator on a Design, Build, Operate The following case study shows an implementation example from
and Transfer (DBOT) basis for the city at Moshi Landfill site. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The plant is expected to produce 5,000 cubic meters of
biogas per day (PCMC, 2020).

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Waste

Case Study: Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Image: Maarten Zeehandelaar on istock

In Rio de Janeiro, a pilot waste-to-energy plant treats organic waste from urban solid waste and produces renewable, inexpensive energy.

Problem
? In 2019, Rio de Janeiro took a major step towards sustainable waste management, striving to reduce landfill
waste and promote the generation of renewable energy.

Solution
! Ecoparque, a pilot waste-to-energy plant, was adapted from units across the globe to treat organic waste
from urban solid waste, regardless of whether it has been segregated at the source. Sources primarily include
supermarkets and street stalls, however it can also be used to manage household waste.

Results
With a capacity to treat 31.75 tonnes of waste per day, the unit can serve a population of up to 70,000 people
daily. The plant can produce between 9 and 18 tonnes of organic compounds and generate 3,150 normal m3 of
biogas daily, translating to an annual production of 2,408 MWh of electricity and avoiding approximately 14
million tonnes of CO2e annually.

Financing
Funded by the Brazilian Development Bank, the facility now generates sufficient energy to power not only
itself but also the larger on-site waste facility and the company's fleet of 19 electric vehicles.

Sources: C40, 2020; Yeung, 2020.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures

Water & Wastewater

Measures in the water sector focus on improvements to water

security, such as reducing water demand in buildings with
efficient fittings, reducing water system losses, and exploring
alternative sources of water supply, such as rainwater and
treated wastewater. This sector also includes improvements to
wastewater treatment facilities and energy efficient pumping in
the water supply network.

Table 8: Summary of all Water and Wastewater measures.

Water Security GHG Savings Total Cost

Measure Improved (ktCO₂e/year) (INR crore)
(MLD)
7 0.01 316
1. Rooftop Rainwater arvesting
141 0.3 776

2. Reuse of Wastewater at Municipal Scale 42 0.4 1,918

370 0.8 1,162

3. Reuse of Wastewater from New & Existing Buildings - 3.5 19

30 0.3 2,790
4. Reduce Unaccounted-for Water Losses
11 0.02 14

- 0.8 1,316
5. Improve Efficiency for ater Conveyance Pumps
600 6 8,312
6. Efficient Fittings in New & Existing Buildings

7. Smart Water Meters

8. New Centralized Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Total

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

Description Results

7
For this measure, the city requires rooftop rainwater harvesting
on habitable buildings, including residentials buildings, hotels,
and health care facilities. Rainwater captured on rooftops can Water Security
be stored in cisterns for later use or filtered through soil as Improved (MLD)
groundwater recharge. Capturing rainwater on rooftops
prevents it from entering the stormwater drainage system, 0.01
which can also help with flood mitigation. The results for the GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
measures are based on capturing rainwater from 70 percent of

316
habitable buildings’ rooftop area and storing it for future use.

Context Total Cost (INR crore)

As part of the PCMC Environmental Clearance Self Declaration
list (PCMC, n.d.), it is mandatory for projects with a built-up area
between 5,000 and 20,000 m2 to have at least 1 rainwater
Implementation Next Steps
recharge pit per 5,000 m2 of net plot area. Furthermore, all new A comprehensive approach is necessary for the city to increase
societies over 20,000 m2 are required to have rooftop rainwater the adoption of rainwater harvesting and groundwater
harvesting, solar water heating or solar PV panels, on-site recharge. Engaging communities through awareness campaigns
sewage, and composting to obtain a building permit. and educational workshops is essential to inform the public
about the benefits of rainwater harvesting. The city can also
provide technical resources and recommendations for viable
technologies and/or installation approaches. The city could
complement its mandate by offering financial incentives like
tax rebates or subsidies.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Reuse of Wastewater at Municipal Scale

Description Results

141
In this measure, the city develops or expands the reuse of
treated effluent from its centralized wastewater treatment
plants. Wastewater treatment technology is available that can Water Security
treat effluent to various standards of use. Non-potable water Improved (MLD)
is suitable for irrigation or industrial purposes, and some cities
are treating wastewater to potable standards that is suitable 0.3
for domestic consumption. This measure considers 141 MLD GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
of treated wastewater is made available for non-potable reuse.

Context 776
Total Cost (INR crore)
Following instructions from the Maharashtra government, the
city has created a plan to ensure that society owners, washing
centers, commercial and industrial facilities, and large housing
societies are able to use treated wastewater for purposes other
Implementation Next Steps
than drinking. Through a formal agreement, the city will make To enhance the acceptance of treated wastewater reuse,
this water available at a low rate (Kelapure, 2023). At present, the city can initiate public awareness campaigns to educate
the city treats 300 MLD of sewage in various treatment facilities. the community on the benefits and address any
misconceptions, drawing from successful case studies.
Engaging stakeholders, including local businesses, industries,
and residential communities, is crucial for participatory
planning sessions that discuss expanding treated
wastewater use.

The development of infrastructure, such as the expansion of

treated water pipe networks, will facilitate the distribution
of treated wastewater to new areas. A clear regulatory
framework will ensure the safe use of treated wastewater,
along with incentive programs to encourage industries and
commercial entities to adopt this practice. Wastewater reuse
could be implemented with PPP arrangements, and the city
utility could generate revenue from the sales.

Lastly, the city can learn from global best practices by

partnering with international cities that have successfully
implemented wastewater reuse programs. In Singapore,
NEWater is part of a comprehensive water resource policy.
In general, the reuse of water covers up to 40 percent of the
water demand (PUB, 2018).

The following case study illustrates a best practice example from

Windhoek, Namibia.

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Case Study: Windhoek, Namibia

Image: https://www.wingoc.com.na/our-history

The Goreangab water treatment plant in Namibia uses a process that mimics nature to transform wastewater into drinking water.

Problem
? Due to heat and evaporation, only one percent of the yearly 250 mm average rainfall infiltrates into the
ground, making Namibia one of the most arid countries in Africa.

Solution
! The Goreangab plant recycles municipal wastewater through a ‘multi-barrier’ technology including ozone
treatment, ultra membrane filtration, and residual chlorination. At the city center, Goreangab's pipe meets
with another from the Namibia Water Corporation (NamWater) in a one-to-three ratio.

Results
The plant produces a total of 21,000 m3 of drinking water daily, and has been combined with a public
awareness campaign, a water usage control system, and efforts to reduce water consumption and eliminate
leaks. Moreover, the plant hosts tours for at least one school group per month, and the students spread their
newfound knowledge to adults in the city.

Financing
Since 2001, the Goreangab water treatment plant has been operated by the Windhoek Goreangab Operating
Company (WINGOC), which is a consortium made up of Veolia, Berlinwasser International, and WABAG.

Sources: Kings, 2016; Veolia, 2018; Veolia, 2019.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Reuse of Wastewater from New & Existing Buildings

Description Results

42
In this measure, the city mandates that habitable buildings,
whether newly constructed or existing, implement systems
to treat and reuse wastewater generated within the premises. Water Security
The results are based on 70 percent of new habitable buildings Improved (MLD)
and 30 percent of existing buildings are equipped with on-site
treatment systems. These on-site wastewater treatment 0.4
systems can be designed to process greywater and/or GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
blackwater, converting it into effluent that is suitable for

1,918
non-potable uses. The treated water is then distributed through
a secondary water supply network for non-drinking purposes,
including toilet flushing, clothes washing, and irrigation. Total Cost (INR crore)
The adoption of on-site blackwater treatment is especially
advantageous in urban areas where local or city-wide
wastewater treatment facilities are spatially constrained Implementation Next Steps
or heavily burdened. The city can consider expanding the current mandate to
include a variety of building typologies, such as commercial
Context
and educational establishments, and to lower the area
Currently in Pimpri Chinchwad, all new housing societies threshold to encompass medium-sized developments.
exceeding 20,000 m2 must install an on-site STP system to be
For existing buildings, incentivization through property tax
eligible for a building use permit. Societies with operational
discounts can encourage the adoption of on-site STPs.
STPs are entitled to a 3 percent property tax discount.
A recognition program could further motivate adherence
This discount may increase to 10 percent when an on-site
to wastewater management practices. Public awareness
composting system and a zero-waste policy are also adopted
campaigns and educational workshops are essential
in conjunction with the STP.
to inform and educate stakeholders about the benefits
and implementation of STPs. Financial support, such as
subsidies and low-interest loans, along with technical
assistance, can aid in the installation and maintenance
of these systems.

Integrating wastewater reuse policies with other urban

development regulations can help ensure a cohesive approach,
such as promoting green building certification programs that
include water savings as a component. The city can collaborate
with NGOs and the private sector to bring in additional
expertise and resources. A robust system of inspections and
penalties for non-compliance can be established to enforce
the mandate.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Reduce Unaccounted-for Water Losses

Description Results

370
This measure aims to implement a program to reduce
unaccounted-for water losses to 15 percent by 2030.
Unaccounted-for water losses are calculated as the bulk system Water Security
input less the authorized consumption. Unaccounted-for water Improved (MLD)
losses include apparent losses (i.e., unauthorized consumption,
metering inaccuracies) and real losses (i.e., leakage on 0.8
transmission and/or distribution mains, leakage and overflows GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
of utility storage tanks, and leakage on service connections up

1,162
to the point of customer metering). Strategies to reduce water
losses include repairing and replacing leaking water pipes and
tanks, improvements to metering systems, and removal of Total Cost (INR crore)
unauthorized connections.

Context Implementation Next Steps

Pimpri Chinchwad experienced about 45 percent Loss reduction could be funded by the city utility and/or
unaccounted-for water losses in the baseline year, which through a private sector deployment model. In order to
included both transit loss and water treatment plant loss. leverage private sector finance to address water losses,
To address this issue, the city has taken several measures, the following next steps are proposed:
such as conducting surveys to identify illegal water connections
• Analyze water supply and consumption data, focusing on
(TNN, 2022) and changing 40 percent (950 km) of the old water
a selected areas of the city experiencing high water losses,
supply pipelines. The city aims to improve the situation
to identify root causes of losses and prioritize interventions,
to 15 percent unaccounted water losses by 2030. Key initiatives
including smart or digital solutions where these enhance
that have been prioritized are installation of smart water
viability;
meters, installation of remote sensors that signals any
potential leakage of water, proactive leak detection and • Develop a non-revenue water action plan, bill of quantities,
repairs, and pipeline replacement. and financial assessment;

• Determine a deployment model to attract private sector

expertise, for example through a performance-based
contract; and

• Replicate the approach across the city.

It will be important to gain community support for the efforts

to reduce water losses. Awareness campaigns, targeted
consultations, and community-tailored solutions can help
with the transition.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Improve Efficiency for Water Conveyance Pumps

Description Results

-
This measure improves the efficiency of conveyance pumps
in the water system. Results for this measure are based on
retrofitting of all existing water conveyance pumps across the Water Security
Pimpri Chinchwad region. It involves identifying pumps that Improved (MLD)
are below current energy efficiency standards and replacing or
upgrading them with high-efficiency models. The project covers 3.5
various pumping stations, including those for water GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
distribution, wastewater management, and irrigation systems.

19
The strategy can also include measures to enhance efficiency,
such as optimizing pump size, incorporating advanced control
systems, and regular maintenance. Total Cost (INR crore)

Context
Water conveyance systems are integral to ensuring a reliable
Implementation Next Steps
supply of water to residential, commercial, and industrial areas. The immediate next step for implementation is to conduct an
However, these systems often consume a significant amount of energy audit to assess the performance of current pumps and
energy, primarily due to outdated and inefficient water pumps. identify those requiring upgrades. Following the audit, the
Improving the efficiency of these pumps is crucial for reducing procurement process for high-efficiency pumps should ensure
operational costs, conserving energy, and contributing to the that the selected models meet the latest standards and are
city’s sustainability goals. tailored to the region’s needs. Proper installation is important
for optimal performance. Performance monitoring can help
track the energy savings and functionality of the new pumps.

Additionally, efficiency can be further improved by avoiding

oversized pumps, trimming the impeller, using variable
frequency drives, installing parallel pumping systems, limiting
pipeline pressure loss, installing control systems to eliminate
unnecessary use, and performing preventive maintenance.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Efficient Fittings in New & Existing Buildings

Description Results

30
With this measure, the city mandates the installation of
water-efficient fittings in all buildings. Results for this measure
are based on 70 percent of new buildings and 30 percent of Water Security
existing buildings equipped with water-efficient fittings. Improved (MLD)
Efficient fittings consume 25 percent to 35 percent less water
than traditional fittings. For new construction, developers are 0.3
required to equip buildings with water-saving taps, showers, GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
and toilets, bearing the primary cost, while also potentially

2,790
receiving incentives from the city or national government.
For existing structures, a comprehensive program is
implemented to retrofit water fittings, encouraging building Total Cost (INR crore)
owners and households to participate in the upgrade. Support
for this initiative may include providing water-saving equipment
at no cost, offering rebates, or other incentives facilitated by
water-efficient appliances such as dishwashers and washing
the city to promote water conservation across all properties.
machines. Water-saving equipment is widely available in India

Context at reasonable costs. Globally, cities and local utilities have

implemented replacement programs that offer efficient
The building bylaws of Maharashtra, Unified Development plumbing fittings and toilets to homeowners for free or with
Control and Promotion Regulations for Maharashtra State a rebate, sometimes with free installation as well. Some cities
(UDCPR), and the National Building Code (NBC) of India have implemented upgrade requirements linked to a change
currently do not mandate the installation of water-efficient of building ownership or issuance of building permits for
fixtures in new buildings. However, the progress of water renovations.
efficiency standards in buildings has been gaining momentum
in India, with several initiatives and rating systems being Implementation Next Steps
developed to promote sustainable water management. Water The next step is to develop the regulatory approach, which
Efficient Products-India (WEP-I), for example, is a voluntary could include an ordinance tied to plumbing regulations. At the
labelling program for water-efficient plumbing products. product level, this could include requiring water-efficient
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 17650 (Part 1) and 17650 fixtures that comply with a labelling program or meet maximum
(Part 2) cover additional requirements for assessment and flow rate thresholds. The city could alternatively explore
water efficiency rating of sanitary wares and sanitary fittings requirements at the building level, such as mandatory water
for their performance. The increasing awareness of water performance ratings or minimum water performance
conservation and sustainable practices has led to a rising requirements. An awareness campaign and incentives can help
demand for water-efficient products, prompting manufacturers build community support and promote compliance with the
to produce innovative and durable fixtures that meet regulatory regulations. Lastly, the city can work with the state government
standards and cater to consumer needs. to include a minimum water efficiency requirement for the

For existing buildings, there are several water-efficient fittings fittings for new and existing buildings.

that are easy to retrofit, including toilet cistern displacement The following case study shows an implementation example
products, low flow tap aerators and showerheads, and from Australia.

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Case Study: Australia

Image: Photo by PhotoMIX Company on Pexels

The Australian government promotes water efficiency by mandating labeling on various fixtures and appliances, allowing for informed consumer choices.

Problem
? Ever since the Millennium Drought, Australia has made significant strides in curbing water consumption by
advocating for the use of more efficient products.

Solution
! Launched in 2005, the Water Efficiency Labelling and Standards (WELS) scheme mandates labels on a diverse
range of fixtures and appliances such as showers, toilets, and washing machines, thereby enabling consumers
to make informed choices when selecting water-efficient products.

Results
Between January and September 2022, householders and businesses had already achieved savings totaling
$1 billion in utility bills while conserving a substantial 158 gigaliters of water. Through the reduction of energy
usage, the scheme has effectively cut emissions by 21.8 megatonnes of CO2e since it was first introduced.

Financing
The scheme follows a cost-recovery model, with 80% of the costs borne by the industry, while the remaining
20% is split equally between national and state governments. Each year, the government contributions
increase by four percent.

Sources: Australian Government, 2022; DCCEEW, 2022; Institute for Sustainable Futures, 2019.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Smart Water Meters

Description Results

11
In this measure, the city implements installation of smart water
meters within its limits. Smart water meters give the utility
real-time data on water use, send notifications when there is a Water Security
leak or burst in the distribution network, and can help ensure Improved (MLD)
fair billing with accurate monitoring. Results for this measure
consider a program that targets 20 percent of new buildings, 0.02
including hotels, hospitals, large new residential developments, GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
and some schools. Smart meters can help reduce water use

14
and leakage in these buildings by 10 percent.

Context Total Cost (INR crore)

Water supply is one of the key sectors that the city has been
focusing on improving and expanding, especially in the wake
of rapid urbanization and industrialization. One of the major
Implementation Next Steps
challenges faced by the city is the inefficient and inequitable The city has already started implementing smart meters, so the
distribution of water to its consumers. The city relied on a next steps include developing deployment models to expand
flat-rate billing system that did not reflect the actual water and build on current efforts. It will also be important to gain
consumption of each household or commercial establishment. community support through awareness campaigns, incentives,
This resulted in low revenues, high water losses, frequent and community-tailored solutions. Smart meters benefit
disputes, and unauthorized connections. consumers by ensuring they are charged for the correct water
usage, and they can help avoid billing disputes. Smart meters
Traditionally dependent on mechanical water meters, the city
can also help encourage conservation by providing real-time
has started implementing data and technology in partnership
feedback on consumption, as well as allow the utility to match
with private sector to improve its water distribution and billing
tariffs to water demand management measures.
system, as well as reduce water losses. PCMC has implemented
several initiatives such as installing water meters, deploying The following case study illustrates an implementation example
meter inspectors, and developing a water billing and analytics from Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
system. Embracing a data-driven and technology-based
approach, the city has increased revenues from INR 24 crore
per year to INR 45 crore per year and reduced non-metered
connections from 28,777 to 2,229 (Pahuja, 2021).

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 Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

Case Study: Johor Bahru, Malaysia

Image: Photo by Luis Quintero on Pexels

In late 2018, Johor, a state at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, lost almost a quarter of its water through leaks, bursts, and unauthorized
connections

Problem
? Towards the end of 2018, Johor, a state located on the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, was losing nearly
a quarter of its water due to leaks, bursts, and unauthorized connections.

Solution
! Under a technology trial in the capital city of Johor Bahru, 295 so-called Enigma3m remote correlating noise
loggers were installed in a smart district metered area with the aim of pinpointing leaks in the water
distribution network using an innovative cloud-based platform.

Results
A total of 115 leaks were identified and successfully repaired, including small leaks at hydrant valves and
communication pipes. Following the trial, the net night flow dropped from 30.99 liters per second to
20.08 liters per second, amounting to a monthly savings of 705 m3 per day and an estimated cost reduction
of around $4,000.

Financing
As the smart DMA concept is expanded throughout the state, water supply company Ranhill SAJ plans to
procure a greater quantity of Enigma3m loggers depending on infrastructure age and site conditions.

Sources: WaterWorld, 2019.

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Priority Measures • Water & Wastewater

New Centralized Wastewater Treatment Facilities

Description Results

-
To enhance urban sustainability and environmental health,
the city has undertaken a significant initiative to expand its
wastewater treatment capabilities. To realize this vision, the
Water Security
city is exploring innovative PPP models, inviting the expertise
Improved (MLD)
and investment of the private sector in the construction and
operation of these new treatment facilities. This measure 0.8
includes the construction of 300 MLD of additional centralized GHG Savings (ktCO₂e/year)
wastewater treatment facilities.

Context 325
Total Cost (INR crore)
In Pimpri Chinchwad, there are 14 sewage treatment facilities at
9 different locations, with a total treatment capacity of 353 MLD.
There are supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) Implementation Next Steps
systems installed at all STPs, and the inlet flows are monitored
The next step for expansion of wastewater treatment facilities is
on daily basis. The combined inflow across all STPs is 300 MLD
to identify and select a wastewater treatment process based on
with 100 percent treatment.
wastewater characterization and regulatory requirements for
The city aims to add another 300 MLD of wastewater treatment discharge from the plant. Engaging with private entities through
facilities. This will be implemented in three phases of 100 MLD PPPs can be a strategy where the private sector can participate
each. Treated wastewater from the first phase will be used for in the construction and/or operation of the wastewater
industrial purposes. treatment facilities.

88
Green Investment
Pipeline

89
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Green Investment Pipeline

Solutions in the Green City Action Plan can be converted into The green investment pipeline can be visualized in Figure 18.
a pipeline for green investment in Pimpri Chinchwad, supported Direct costs total approximately INR 11,997 crore (equivalent
by both public and private sector funding. All 32 measures with to about USD 1,441 million) over 7 years, which includes
their associated costs are listed in Table 9, which includes municipal buildings and public infrastructure. Indirect costs are
indirect cost as well as the direct cost to the city and its nearly three times as much at INR 33,104 crore, corresponding
agencies. Where the cost is for investment that falls within to almost two-thirds of the GHG savings. These indirect
the city's mandate, the full cost is reflected as a direct cost. investments are split between private buildings and private
However, the city can leverage other funding sources, including transportation. While indirect costs are borne by private
private sources of financing for these investments, including developers, buildings owners, and vehicle owners, they are
through direct finance (such as bonds and loans) as well as PPPs also influenced by city policies and incentives.
and other business models. Some indirect-cost actions rely on
policies, mandates, and incentives to generate investment from
the private sector and individuals, such as building energy
retrofits, electric vehicles, water efficient fittings, and others.

Image: IFC

90
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Green Investment Pipeline

Table 9: The direct and indirect cost for all 32 measures, as well as possible financing options that may be considered. The green investment pipeline
includes actions where the city can nudge (i.e., implement policy) or leverage (i.e., through PPP, etc.) the private sector to invest in green measures.
Costs are indicative only; all would need further feasibility work.

Potential Funding Sources

APEX Sectors

Direct Indirect GHG

Measures Cost Cost Savings

Modalitie
Municipal
Internal
Revenue

Finance
Private
(%)

PPP
Grants
(INR crore) (INR crore)

Bond
Loan
Own
Rooftop Solar ot ater 2,595 0.6% ✓ ✓
Built Environment & Energy

rban Forestry 1,094 0.1% ✓ ✓

Green Building Certification 1,000 4.3% ✓ ✓
EE Refurbishment for Private Buildings 1,124 1.5% ✓ ✓
Rooftop Solar PV Program for Private Buildings 3,530 9.0% ✓ ✓
Green Municipal Buildings 82 0.3% ✓ ✓ ✓
Rooftop Solar PV on Municipal Buildings 503 1.3% ✓ ✓

Retire Inefficient Vehicles 1,553 0.2% ✓

Minimum Efficiency for New Vehicles 2,925 0.5% ✓
EV Charging Infrastructure 67 <0.1% ✓ ✓ ✓
Promote Private Electric Vehicles 14,985 0.8% ✓
Bicycle Lanes 10 0.3% ✓ ✓
Transportation

Extend BRT System 4,582 0.1% ✓ ✓

Expand & Electrify BRT Bus Fleet 482 3.6% ✓ ✓ ✓
Extend Metro System 583 0.1% ✓ ✓
Fare Integration and Smart Transit Fare Card Across Transit System 0%

Add Park-and-ride Lot to Transit Stations 26 <0.1% ✓ ✓ ✓

Electrification of Municipal Fleet 17 <0.1% ✓ ✓
Electrification of Auto-Rickshaws 354 0.1% ✓ ✓

Decentralized Composting 268 0.5% ✓ ✓

Ban Single se Plastics

Solid Waste

<0.1%

Improve Waste Collection 17 0.4% ✓ ✓

aste-to-Energy Incineration Facility 979 2.0% ✓ ✓

Centralized Anaerobic Digestion 14 1.1% ✓ ✓

Rooftop Rainwater arvesting 316 <0.1% ✓

Reuse Wastewater at Municipal Scale 776 <0.1% ✓
Water & Wastewater

Reuse of astewater From New & Existing Buildings 1,918 <0.1% ✓

Reduce Unaccounted-for Water Losses 1,162 <0.1% ✓ ✓
Improve Efficiency for ater Conveyance Pumps 19 0.1% ✓ ✓
Efficient Fittings in New & Existing Buildings 2,790 <0.1% ✓ ✓
Smart Water Meters 14 <0.1% ✓ ✓
New Centralized astewater Treatment Facilities 1,316 0.1% ✓ ✓

Total 11,997 33,104 27%

91
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Green Investment Pipeline

Figure 18: Investment flow diagram showing the potential financing volumes aligned to measures in the green investment pipeline (shown in INR crore).

92
Pimpri Chinchwad • Green City Action Plan

Appendix A: Baseline Data

Baseline date is for year 2023.

Population
Item Value Source / Notes

Resident population 2,766,090 Calculated based on India Census 2011; 1.7M Census
(2011) and 2.1M PCMC estimate (2017)

Annual growth rate (%) 4% PCMC estimated

Employment rate (% of 15–74-year-olds) 56.7% India Census 2011

Population at working age, 15-74 years old (%) 69% India Census 2011

Persons per household in urban areas 4. India Census 2011

Population distribution by income (%)

Low 36.2%
Lower-middle 42.2% Estimated from NSSO (National Sample Survey Office)
Upper-middle 11.1% 68th Round Consumer Expenditure Survey

High 10.5%

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Appendix A: Baseline Data

Built Environment & Energy

Item Value Source / Notes

City area (km2) 181 PCMC Environmental Status Report 2022

Length of streets (km) 1,378 Smart City Data Portal, MoHUA (2022) / PCMC
Urban Outcome Framework 2022
Number of streetlights 89,852 Smart City Data Portal, MoHUA (2022)
Number of traffic light sets 1,561 Smart City Data Portal, MoHUA (2022)
Area of parks and green spaces (km2) 1.66 PCMC City Biodiversity Index (2019)
Area of forest canopy (km2) 59.70 PCMC City Biodiversity Index (2019)
Total building area (million m2)
Retail 3.6
Office 3.6
Hotel 2
Health 0.1
Education 4
Institutional/Assembly 1. Estimated from PCMC Property Tax Department (2023)
Warehouse 0.5
Transport 1
Residential
Apartments 21.5
Homes 14.3
Average building area per person (m2) 18.7 Calculated by APEX
Area of municipal buildings (m2)
Non-residential 91,050
Property Tax Department, PCMC (2023)
Residential 54,446
Building energy consumption (kWh/m2/year)
Retail 165.6
Office 92
Hotel 260.2
Health 270.7
Education 101
Institutional/Assembly 92 APEX Default
Warehouse 97
Transport 97
Residential
Apartments 67
Homes 72
Energy source (%)
Grid electricity 83%
Estimated based on Ministry of Statistics and Program
Local electricity generation -
Implementation (MoSPI) Report (2020)
Local heat sources 17%
Energy emissions factors (kgCO₂e/kWh)
Grid electricity 0.92
Local electricity generation - National Grid Study, Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power
Local heat sources 0.26

94
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Appendix A: Baseline Data

Transportation
Item Value Source / Notes
Average trips per day per resident 2
APEX Calculation
Average trip distance (km) 12
Working days per year 303 APEX global default
Total resident passenger travel (million km) 20,115 Calculated with data above
Modal split by passenger-kilometers (%)
Automobile 13%
Motorcycle (Two wheeler) 35%
Taxi 2%
Moto-taxi (Auto-rickshaw) 10%
Estimated based on PCMC CMP (2020)
Bus, BRT 33%
Subway 2%
Bicycle 2%
Walk 3%
Transit infrastructure
Length of BRT System (km) 45.5
Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML)
Number of BRT buses in fleet 449
Length of subway system (km) 16
Number of subway stations 14 Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited (Maha Metro), Pune
Number of subway trains 8
Average occupancy rate (passengers)
Automobile 1.8
Motorcycle (Two wheeler) 1.2
APEX defaults
Taxi 2.3
Moto-taxi (Auto-rickshaw) 1.2
Bus, BRT 61 Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited (PMPML); estimate
from PMPML meetings
Subway 124.8 APEX defaults
Number of vehicles in fleet
Automobile 434,856
Motorcycle (Two wheeler) 1,418,438 Vahaan Parivahan Portal, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
Taxi 26,327 (2023)

Moto-taxi (Auto-rickshaw) 34,485

95
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Appendix A: Baseline Data

Transportation
Item Value Source / Notes
Annual growth in private vehicle ownership (%)
Automobiles 9.7% Parivahan and Maharashtra Transport Department Data (2019)
Motorcycle (Two wheeler) 8.4% Parivahan and Maharashtra Transport Department Data (2019)
Annual rate of vehicle retirement/obsolescence (%)
Automobiles 3% Center for Science & Environment (CSE), 'What to do with old Vehicles',
Motorcycle (Two wheeler) 7% 2020 https://www.cseindia.org/what-to-do-with-old-vehicles--10379
Average vehicle efficiency (km/L)
Automobiles 10.6
Motorcycle (Two wheeler) 35.8
Taxi 10.6 Country-level estimate, Climate Smart City Assessment, National

Moto-taxi (Auto-rickshaw) 35.8 Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA)

Bus, BRT 3.5

Bus, standard 1.7
Parking
On-street parking spaces 206,700
Calculated based on APEX Defaults
Off-street parking spaces 756,000

96
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Appendix A: Baseline Data

Solid Waste
Item Value Source / Notes
Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation (t/person/year) 0.15 Estimated based on PCMC Environmental Status Report (2022)
MSW composition (%)
Organic waste 52.6%
Paper and cardboard 2.1%
Wood 10.5%
Textiles 9.2%
Rubber and leather 4.2% PCMC Environmental Status Report (2022)
Plastics 9.3%
Metal 1.2%
Glass 3.8%
Other 7.1%
Organic waste composition (%)
Food waste 67%
APEX Defaults
Organic waste 33%
Waste treatment (%)
Anaerobic digestion (AD) 8%
Compost 7%
Incineration 40%
PCMC Environmental Status Report (2022)
Landfill, unspecified 35%
Recycling 8%
Unaccounted-for 2%
Recycling composition (%)
Paper and cardboard 9.5%
Wood 0%
Textiles 14.3%
Rubber and leather 2.4% APEX Defaults
Plastics 66.5%
Metal 2.6%
Glass 4.8%

97
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Appendix A: Baseline Data

Water & Wastewater

Item Value Source / Notes
Municipal water consumption (MLD) 590
Potable water (%) 100%
PCMC Water Department
Non-potable water (%) 0%
Average consumption per person (L/day) 140
Industrial water consumption (MLD) 30 Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC)
Unaccounted-for water losses (%) 45% PCMC Water Department
Water source (%)
Surface water 95% PCMC Water Department
Recycled wastewater 5% PCMC Water Department
Wastewater treatment
Wastewater flow (MLD) 300 PCMC Water Department
Treatment type (%)
Septic tank 4%
Activated sludge process (ASP) without AD 45% PCMC Environment Department
Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) 50%
Untreated sewer (discharge into water) 1%

Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Item Value Source / Notes
Built Environment & Energy (MtCO2e/year) 3.5 Residential, Commercial/Institutional buildings
Transportation (MtCO2e/year) 1 On-road transportation, Metro
Solid Waste (MtCO2e/year) 0.2 Solid waste, Biological waste
Water & Wastewater (MtCO2e/year) 0.01 Wastewater

98
Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan

Appendix B: Key Assumption for Measures

Built Environment & Energy

Prioritized Measure
APEX Measure Code
Key Assumptions
(Version 2023-05)
• 25% of habitable buildings to have solar
1. Roof-top Solar Hot Water water heaters A.3 – Mandate Roof-top Solar Hot Water
• Cost is INR 664 / unit

• 10% increase in urban greening project

2. Urban Forestry • 6 km2 planted A.8 – Increase Extent of Urban Forestry
• Cost is INR 181.7 crore/km2

• 50% of new private buildings

3. Green Building Certification A.9 – Incentivize Green Building Certification
• 6,485,000 m2 certified
(e.g. EDGE)
• Cost is INR 1,577/m2

• 10% of existing buildings refurbished

A.10 Finance for private energy efficiency
4. EE Refurbishment for Private Buildings • 4,621,000 m2 refurbished
refurbishment
• Retrofit cost is INR 2,407/m2

• About 30% of the roof tops have solar panels

5. Rooftop Solar PV Program
• Additional 400.00 MWp Installed A.14 Implement Rooftop Solar PV Program
for Private Buildings
• Cost is INR 87,980/kWp

• All new municipal buildings are green

certified; All existing buildings are retrofitted
A.16 – Implement Green Certification/labelling
with energy efficient appliances and systems
For All Municipal Buildings
6. Green Municipal Buildings • 300,000 m2 certified; 145,496 m2 refurbished
A.17 – Implement EE Refurbishment Program
• Cost is INR 1,577/m2 for new municipal For All Municipal Buildings
buildings; 2,407/m2 for existing municipal
buildings

• Additional 57,000 KWp Installed A.18 Install Rooftop Solar PV on Municipal

7. Rooftop Solar PV on Municipal Buildings
• Cost is INR 87,980/kWp Buildings

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Appendix B: Key Assumption for Measures

Transportation

Prioritized Measure
APEX Measure Code
Key Assumptions
(Version 2023-05)
5% most inefficient vehicles retired B.1 Mandate Retirement of Inefficient Cars
1. Retire Inefficient Vehicles 32,318 inefficient cars retired B.2 Mandate Retirement of Inefficient
96,238 inefficient motorcycles retired Motorcycles

Increased efficiency applies to 8% of new cars

Increased efficiency applies to 11% of new
motorcycles
B.3 Mandate Min. Efficiency For New Cars
2. Min. Efficiency For New Vehicles 54,100 efficient cars added
B.4 Mandate Min. Efficiency For New
211,800 efficient motorcycles added Motorcycles
• Cost is INR 3,63,540 per new car and
INR 44,820 per new motorcycle

• 700 new chargers added

3. EV Charging Infrastructure B.15 – Provide EV Charging Infrastructure
• Cost is INR 952,840 per charger

• 180,000 EV penetration (Source: PCMC EV

4. Promote Private Electric Vehicles Policy) B.16 – Finance Electric Vehicles Through Banks
• Cost is INR 830,000 per Electric Vehicle

• 150 kilometer of bicycle lanes (Source: IFC

5. Bicycle Lanes PCMC Workshop) B.19 – Build Bicycle Lanes
• Cost is INR 675,039 per kilometer

• Additional 40 kilometer of BRT system

6. Extend BRT System • Project cost is approx. INR 114 crore per B.23 – Add / Extend BRT System
kilometer

• Addition of 192 electric buses to the existing

B.24 – Expand BRT Bus Fleet
7. Expand & Electrify BRT Bus Fleet fleet (Source: PMPML Workshop)
B.25 – Electrify BRT Bus Fleet
• Cost is INR 2.4 crore per e-bus

• 4.5 km extension of Pune Metro from PCMC

metro station to Nigdi metro station (Source:
8. Extend Metro System Maha Metro workshop) B.26 – Add / Extend Subway System

• Cost is INR 580 crore per project

• Addition of 780 parking spaces near transit

9. Add Park-and-ride Lot to Transit Station stations B.31 – Add Park-and-ride Lot to Transit Station
• Cost is INR 334,490 per vehicle space

B.32 – Introduce Fare Integration

10. Introduce Fare Integration & Smart Transit • Across Transit System
Fare Cards Across Transit System
B.33 – Introduce Smart Transit Fare Cards

• 200 new EVs added in municipal fleet replacing

11. Electrification of Municipal Fleet the old internal combustion engine vehicles B.35 – User-Defined Measure
• Cost is INR 830,000 per Electric Vehicle

• 17,000 new e-auto rickshaws added

12. Electrification of Auto-Rickshaws B.36 – User-Defined Measure
• Cost is INR 208,000 per vehicle

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Appendix B: Key Assumption for Measures

Solid Waste

Prioritized Measure
APEX Measure Code
Key Assumptions
(Version 2023-05)
• 15% domestic and 5% commercial
1. Decentralized Composting food/organic waste composted C.1 – Mandate decentralized Composting
• 74 tonnes of food/organic waste per day
2. Ban Single Use Plastics • 2% of plastic waste reduced C.5 – Ban Single Use Plastics
• 100% Waste is collected
• 189 tonnes per day collection increase
3. Improve Waste Collection C.9 – Improve Waste Collection
• Cost is INR 872,286 per tonne per day, consists
of 10,000 additional bins, 5 additional trucks,
189 tonnes per day waste transfer station
• 400 tonnes per day of waste converted
4. Waste-to-Energy Facility
to energy C.12 – Add / Expand Incineration Facilities
• Cost is INR 2.4 crore per tonne per day

• 148 tonnes of food/organic waste

5. Centralized Anaerobic Digestion treated per day C.14 – Add / Expand Centralized Anaerobic
Digestion
• Cost is INR 968,318 per tonne per day

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan • Appendix B: Key Assumption for Measures

Water & Wastewater

Prioritized Measure
APEX Measure Code
Key Assumptions
(Version 2023-05)
• 70% of habitable building roof area is utilized
for rainwater harvesting
1. Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting D.1 Mandate Rooftop Harvesting
• 138,000 m³ per year water storage capacity
• Cost is INR 22,832 per m³ per year

• Additional 127MLD for alternative purposes

2. Reuse Wastewater at Municipal Scale D.7 – Reuse Wastewater at Municipal Scale
• Cost is INR 6.1 crore per MLD

• 70% of new and 30% of existing habitable

buildings reuses wastewater
D.9 – Mandate Reuse of Wastewater From New
• New buildings: 26,700 m³ of wastewater Buildings
3. Reuse of Wastewater reuse per day
D.11 – Mandate Reuse of Wastewater From
• Existing buildings: 13,300 m³ of wastewater Existing Buildings
reuse per day
• Cost is INR 493,020 per m³ per day – reuse

• Losses down from 45% to 15.8% (65%

improvement)
4. Reduce Unaccounted-for Water Losses • 429,600 m³ per day savings D.14 – Reduce Unaccounted-for-Water Losses
• Unit cost: INR 26,975 per m³ per day – loss
reduction

• Pumped volume: 944,189 m³ per day

5. Improve Efficiency For Water D.15 Improve Efficiency for Water
• Unit cost: INR 203 per m³ per day – pumped
Conveyance Pumps Conveyance Pumps
volume

• 70% of new and 30% of existing buildings have

efficient fittings
D.18 Mandate Efficient Fittings in New
• Scope: 4,644,500 m² for new buildings and Buildings
6. Efficient Fittings in New
15,352,351 m² for existing buildings
Existing Buildings D.19 Mandate Efficient Fittings in Existing
Uplift cost for new buildings: INR 1,746 per m²
Buildings
Uplift cost for existing buildings: INR 1,284
per m2
• 20% of buildings are outfitted with
smart water meters D.20 – Install Smart Meters to Reduce
7. Smart Water Meters
Consumption and Leakage
• Unit cost is INR 11 per m²

8. New Centralized Wastewater Treatment • Additional treatment capacity: 300 MLD D.21 – Add New Centralized Wastewater
Facilities • Unit cost is INR 4.3 crore per MLD Treatment Facilities

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Pimpri Chinchwad Green City Action Plan

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