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ML Mqp2 Solved

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16 views27 pages

ML Mqp2 Solved

Uploaded by

csumant94
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ML

MQP-2

Section-A

I. 4*2=8

1. What is Supervised ML? Give an example

Ans:

2. Why Python is used for ML?

Ans: Python is a powerful open source,high level, interpreter, object


oriented programming language.

 Python is easy to understand.

 Python comes with a large number of libraries.

 Python allows easy and powerful implementation.

 Friendly syntax and human-level readability

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 Community.

3. What is data preparation?

Ans:

4. What is regression? Give an example.

Ans:

5. What is Discrete Output variable? Give an example.

Ans:

2
6. Mention two kinds of Unsupervised Learning.

Ans: i) Clustering

ii) Association

SECTION-B
II. 5*4=20
7. What is Unsupervised ML? Explain key components of Unsupervised ML.

Ans: Unsupervised learning is a type of machine learning in which models


are trained using unlabeled dataset and are allowed to act on that data
without any supervision.

Key components:

 Data Preprocessing:

 Normalization/Standardization: Scaling the data to ensure features

3
have similar ranges.

 Dimensionality Reduction: Techniques like Principal Component


Analysis (PCA) to reduce the number of features while retaining
important information.

 Algorithms:

1. Clustering: Grouping data points into clusters based on similarity.

 K-Means: Partitions data into K clusters by minimizing variance


within each cluster.

 Hierarchical Clustering: Builds a tree of clusters, merging or


splitting them based on distance criteria.

 DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with


Noise): Forms clusters based on the density of data points.

2. Association: Finding rules that describe large portions of the data.

 Apriori Algorithm: Identifies frequent item sets and derives


association rules.

 Eclat Algorithm: Similar to Apriori but uses a depth-first search.

3. Dimensionality Reduction:

 PCA: Reduces the dimensionality of data while preserving as much


variance as possible.

 t-SNE (t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding): Visualizes


high-dimensional data in lower dimensions (typically 2D or 3D).

 Autoencoders: Neural networks used for learning efficient codings


of data.

 Evaluation Metrics:

 Silhouette Score: Measures how similar a data point is to its own

4
cluster compared to other clusters.

 Dunn Index: Ratio of the minimum inter-cluster distance to the


maximum intra-cluster distance.

 Elbow Method: Used with K-Means to find the optimal number of


clusters by plotting the explained variance as a function of the
number of clusters.

 Applications:

 Anomaly Detection: Identifying unusual data points that do not fit


the general pattern.

 Market Basket Analysis: Finding associations between products


purchased together.

 Customer Segmentation: Grouping customers based on


purchasing behavior or other characteristics.

 Dimensionality Reduction for Visualization: Reducing data to 2D or


3D to visualize patterns.

8. What is SciPy? Why it is needed for ML? Explain its features?

Ans: Scipy is a Python library useful for solving many mathematical


equations and algorithms.

 It is designed on the top of Numpy library that gives more extension


of finding scientific mathematical formulae like Matrix Rank, Inverse,
polynomial equations, LU Decomposition, etc.

 Using its high-level functions will significantly reduce the complexity


of the code and helps better in analyzing the data.

Installation of SciPy : pip install scipy

5
Need of Scipy in ML:

SciPy is a versatile and highly capable scientific computing library that is


widely used across the scientific computing community.

Features:

 Basic Numerical Functions

 Linear Algebra

 Optimization

 Data Visualization

 Statistics

 Image Processing

9. How to Handle Missing Values and Outliers? Explain with an example?

Ans:

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10. Explain the process of getting data?

Ans:

8
11. Explain the difference between Regression and Classification .

Ans.

9
10
12. Explain limitations of K-mean clustering?

Ans:

11
SECTION-C
III. 4*8=32

13. Explain the main challenges of ML?

Ans:

12
14. How Semi-Supervised ML works? explain with an example.

Ans: Semi-Supervised learning is a type of Machine Learning algorithm that


represents the intermediate ground between Supervised and Unsupervised
learning algorithms. It uses the combination of labeled and unlabeled
datasets during the training period.

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15. a .How to create a Test Set?

b.Why data reduction is important in ML?

Ans: Test set—a subset used to put the trained model to the test

A test set is defined by splitting the original dataset into distinct


partitions.

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15
(b)

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16. a. What is Logistic regression? Explain how it works?

b. WAP in python for spam email detection using the Naive Bayes

classification algorithm .

Ans: (a)

17
18
"OR"

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20
(b)

21
17. a.Write decision tree algorithm? Explain how it works?

b. Explain how a cluster formed in DBSCAN clustering algorithm?

Ans:

(b)

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18. a.Explain the types of Clustering methods or techniques ?

Ans:

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(b) Write a Python code to use Clustering in Semi Supervised ML

Ans:

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