PROBLEM SET FOR WALL AND RECTANGULAR FOOTING

Analysis of Wall Footing

Design a wall footing to support a 200mm thick reinforced wall carrying uniform D = 125 kN/m
and L= 120 kN/m. Use allowable soil pressure of 190 KPA. f’c = 25 MPa and fy = 276 Mpa.
Neglect the soil effect above the footing. (done)

1. Design a wall footing to support a 250mm thick reinforced concrete wall carrying a
uniform Dead Load (D) of 150 kN/m and Live Load (L) of 100 kN/m. The allowable
soil pressure is 200 kPa, and the concrete strength f′c=30f'c = 30f′c=30 MPa with
steel yield strength fy= 276 MPa. Neglect soil effect above the footing.
(done)

2. Design a wall footing for a 300mm thick wall carrying a Dead Load (D) of 200 kN/m
and Live Load (L) of 150 kN/m. The allowable soil pressure is 200 kPa. Use
concrete strength f′c=35f'c = 35f′c=35 MPa and steel yield strength fy=276 MPa.
(done)

3. Design a wall footing for a 400mm thick wall carrying a Dead Load (D) of 300 kN/m
and Live Load (L) of 250 kN/m. The allowable soil pressure is 250 kPa. Use
concrete strength f′c=40f'c = 40f′c=40 MPa and steel yield strength fy= 414 Mpa.
(done)

Analysis of Rectangular Footing

A 450 mm square interior column carries a dead load of 925 kN and a live load of 675 kN. A
rectangular footing is required to carry the column loads such that the length of the long side
must be equal to twice the width of the short side. Assume the base of the footing is 1.5m below
the ground surface. The allowable bearing pressure of soil is 190 kPa. f’c = 28 MPa, Fy = 414
MPa. Use 25-mm diameter for main bars. (done)

1. A 500 mm x 500 mm rectangular column carries a dead load of 950 kN and a live
load of 700 kN. The footing is to be rectangular, with the long side twice the width of the
short side. The base of the footing is 2.0 m below ground. The allowable soil
pressure is 180 kPa. Use concrete strength f′c=32f'c = 32f′c=32 MPa and steel yield
strength fy=414 MPa. Use 25-mm diameter for main bars.(done)

2. A 600 mm square interior column carries a dead load of 1400 kN and a live load of
1000 kN. A rectangular footing with a long side twice the width of the short side is
required. The footing base is 2.5 m below the ground surface. The allowable soil
pressure is 220 kPa. Use concrete strength f′c=32f'c = 32f′c=32 MPa and steel yield
strength fy=420f_y = 420fy​=420 MPa. Use 25-mm diameter for main bars. (done)
 3. A 300 mm square interior column carries a dead load of 600 kN and a live load of 50
kN. A rectangular footing with a length twice the width is required. The footing base is
1.2 m below the ground surface. The allowable soil pressure is 150 kPa. Use
concrete strength f′c=25f'c = 25f′c=25 MPa and steel yield strength fy=414 MPa.
Use 20-mm diameter for main bars.

REGULAR SHAPES

1. A circular interior column with a radius of 300 mm carries a dead load of 800 kN and
a live load of 600 kN. The column needs to be converted into an equivalent square
column to simplify design calculations. A square footing is required to carry the column
loads, with the length of one side of the square footing being twice the dimension of the
equivalent square column. Assume the base of the footing is 1.5 meters below the
ground surface. The allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 180 kPa. Use f′c=25f'c =
25f′c=25 MPa, fy=414 Mpa, and 20-mm diameter main bars for the column design.

2. A hexagonal interior column with a side length of 300 mm carries a dead load of 900
kN and a live load of 700 kN. The hexagonal column needs to be converted into an
equivalent square column to simplify design calculations. A rectangular footing is
required to carry the column loads, with the length of one side of the footing being 1.5
times the width of the other side. Assume the base of the footing is 1.5 meters below the
ground surface. The allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 190 kPa. Use fc=28 MPa
and fy=414 MPa. Use a 20-mm diameter for the main bars in the footing.

3. A circular interior column has a diameter of 600 mm and carries a dead load of 900 kN
and a live load of 600 kN. A square footing is required to carry the column loads such
that the length of one side of the square footing is equal to the effective depth of the
column. Assume the base of the footing is 1.2 m below the ground surface. The
allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 200 kPa. Assume the concrete compressive
strength, f′cf'cf′c, is 30 MPa, and the yield strength of the steel, Fy 414 MPa. Use a
20-mm diameter for the main bars in the footing.

4. An octagonal interior column has a circumference of 1.5 m. It carries a dead load of 800
kN and a live load of 500 kN. A rectangular footing is required to carry the column loads.
The footing should have a length that is 1.5 times its width. The base of the footing is 1.0
m below the ground surface. The allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 150 kPa.
Assume the concrete compressive strength f′c is 25 MPa and the yield strength of the
steel Fy = 414 MPa. Use a 16-mm diameter for the main bars in the footing.
Problem Statement:

A hexagonal column carries a dead load of 850 kN and a live load of 600 kN. It is supported by
a rectangular isolated footing. The allowable soil bearing capacity is 250 kPa. The base of the
footing is located 1.5 m below the ground surface. The column has a regular hexagonal
cross-section with a side length of 500 mm. The length of the footing must be twice its width,
and the footing must be designed following standard shear and bending checks. The concrete
has a compressive strength (f'c) of 30 MPa, and the reinforcing steel has a yield strength (fᵣ) of
420 MPa. Determine the required dimensions of the footing, effective depth, and reinforcement,
considering the step-by-step design process, including detailed calculations.

Solution:

1. Load Analysis

● Dead Load of Column (P_DL): 850 kN

● Live Load of Column (P_LL): 600 kN
● Weight of Footing (W_f): Assume 10% of the total column load:
➔ W_f = 0.10 × (P_DL + P_LL)
➔ W_f = 0.10 × (850 kN + 600 kN)
➔ W_f = 145 kN
● Total Load (P_total):
➔ P_total = P_DL + P_LL + W_f
➔ P_total = 850 kN + 600 kN + 145 kN = 1595 kN

2. Trial Base Area of Footing

● Assume the footing is rectangular, with length (ℓ) twice the width (W):
➔ ℓ = 2W
● Allowable Bearing Pressure (q_allowable): 250 kPa
● Area of Footing (A):
➔ q_allowable = P_total / A
➔ A = P_total / q_allowable
➔ A = (1595 × 10⁶ N) / (250 × 10⁶ N/m²)
➔ A = 6.38 m²
● Since ℓ = 2W:
➔ 2W × W = 6.38 m²
➔ W² = 3.19 ⇒ W = 1.79 m (≈ round to 1.80 m)
➔ ℓ = 2W = 3.60 m

Assumed Dimensions:

● Width (W): 1.80 m

● Length (ℓ): 3.60 m
3. Ultimate Column Load (P_u)

● Use load factors for design:

➔ P_u = 1.2 P_DL + 1.6 P_LL
➔ P_u = 1.2 × 850 + 1.6 × 600
➔ P_u = 1020 + 960 = 1980 kN

4. Ultimate Soil Pressure (q_u)

● Ultimate Soil Pressure (q_u):

➔ q_u = P_u / A
➔ q_u = (1980 × 10⁶ N) / (3.60 × 1.80 m²)
➔ q_u = 305.56 kPa

5. Effective Depth of Footing (d)

To determine the effective depth (‘d’), we need to perform checks for:

a. Bending Failure

● The critical section for bending is taken at the face of the column.
● Calculate the moment (M_u):
➔ M_u = q_u × (ℓ - a) × W / 2
➔ Where ‘a’ = Width of Column = 1.0 m (approx.)
● The value of M_u can be used to determine the required depth for bending resistance
based on material properties.

b. Shear Failure

● The critical section for shear is taken at a distance equal to the effective depth from the
face of the column.
● Calculate the shear force (V_u):
➔ V_u = q_u × (W - d)
● Compare V_u against the shear strength of the concrete and reinforcement.

6. Reinforcement Design

● Calculate the required steel reinforcement for bending:

○ Use the formula:
➔ A_s = (M_u) / (φ × f_y × d)
➔ Where ‘φ’ is the strength reduction factor (usually 0.9).
● Choose suitable reinforcement bars based on the calculated area of steel (A_s).
● Provide distribution steel in the transverse direction to handle temperature and shrinkage
stresses.