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Lecture 08 - Part2

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8 views21 pages

Lecture 08 - Part2

Uploaded by

khaniqra2301
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)

By Dr. Ikram Rehman


Why Do We Need IPv6?
 IPv4 has only about 4.3 billion addresses available.
 There are about 7 billion people in the world today
 It’s estimated that only just over 10 percent of that
population is currently connected to the Internet.
 Every person don’t just have a one computer, let alone all
the other IP devices we use with them.
 Phones, laptops, game consoles, fax machines, routers,
switches, all require a unique IP address.
 With an increasing Internet population. Depletion of IPv4
address space has been the motivating factor for moving
to IPv6
Benefits and Uses of IPv6
 IPv6 give us addresses (340 undecillion definitely
enough)
 Four times bigger then IPv4
 IPsec—a feature that provides end-to-end security.
 The headers in an IPv6 packet have half the fields
 IPv6 address is actually 128 bits in length
 It also makes routing much more efficient and scalable
 No broadcast in IPv6 because it uses multicast traffic
instead.
IPv6 Address Notation
One Hex digit = 4 bits

2001:0DB8:AAAA:1111:0000:0000:0000:0100/64

2001 : 0DB8 : AAAA : 1111 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0100

16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits 16 bits


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
IPv6 Addressing and Expressions

 Address is definitely much larger


 Eight groups of numbers instead of four and also that
those groups are separated by colons instead of periods.
 Address is expressed in hexadecimal just like a MAC
address.
 So this address has eight 16-bit hexadecimal colon-
delimited blocks.
 There are four hexadecimal characters (16 bits) in each
IPv6 field, separated by colons.
Shortened Expression

 Drop any leading zeros in each of the individual blocks.


 2001:db8:3c4d:12:0:0:1234:56ab
 Remove the consecutive blocks of zeros by replacing
them with a doubled colon,
 2001:db8:3c4d:12::1234:56ab
 Rule
 Replace only one contiguous block of such zeros in an address.
 example:
 2001:0000:0000:0012:0000:0000:1234:56ab
 2001::12::1234:56ab (incorrect)
 2001::12:0:0:1234:56ab (correct)
Rule 1: Leading 0’s
 Two rules for reducing the size of written IPv6 addresses.
 The first rule is: Leading zeroes in any 16-bit segment do not
have to be written.
Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000
 The second rule can reduce this address even further:
 Any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit segments
consisting of all zeroes can be represented with a double
colon.
Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000
 Only a single contiguous string of all-zero segments can be
represented with a double colon.
 Both of these are correct…
Rule 2: Double colon :: equals 0000…0000
 Using the double colon more than once in an IPv6
address can create ambiguity because of the ambiguity
in the number of 0’s.
IPv6 Address Types
There are three types of IPv6 addresses:
 Unicast ( one to one)

 Multicast ( one to group)

 Anycast (one to nearest)

 Note: IPv6 does not have broadcast addresses.


IPv6 Link-local Unicast Address Types
 Link-local
 Every IPv6-enabled network interface is REQUIRED to have a
link-local address
 Enables a device to communicate with other IPv6- enabled
devices on the same link (= subnet/LAN)
 Confined to a single link - not routable beyond the link
IPv6 Global Unicast Address Types
 Global unicast
 Similar to a public IPv4 address
 Globally unique
 Internet routable addresses
 Can be configured statically or assigned dynamically
 Currently, only global unicast addresses with the first three bits
of 001 or 2000::/3 are being assigned
Structure of IPv6 Global Unicast Address
 A global unicast address has three parts:

 Global Routing Prefix- prefix or network portion of the


address assigned by the provider, such as an ISP, to a
customer or site.
 Subnet ID Used by an organization to identify subnets
within its site
 Interface ID Equivalent to the host portion of an IPv4
address
IPv4 and IPv6 Header Comparison
IPv4 and IPv6 Co-existence

IPv4
IPv6

 IPv4 and IPv6 will coexist for the foreseeable


future.
 Dual-stack – Device running both IPv4 and IPv6.
Various transition strategies
 Tunneling – IPv6 packets encapsulated inside IPv4
packets.
Various transition strategies …
 NAT64 – Translating between IPv4 and IPv6.
Configuring IPv6 on Our Internetwork
Corp Router Configuration

 Verify Configuration
 Show ipv6 int brief
 Show ipv6 route

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