Solving triangles-the right-angled triangle Classwork 2 give your answer to 3sf

Pythagoras theorem 1. Find the length of the longest straight line

which can be drawn on a rectangular chalk board
** to solve a triangle means to find the sizes of its which measures 2,2m by 1,2m.
sides and angles by calculation.
2. A ladder 7m long leans
** in any right-angled triangle, if two sides are
known, it is possible to calculate the length of the against a wall as shown.
third side.
Its foot is 2m from the wall.
** the longest side of a right-angled triangle is
called the HYPOTENUSE(opposite the right- Calculate how far up the
angle). wall the ladder reaches.

Tangent (tan) ratio

tan 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐵= tan 𝐵𝐶̂ 𝐴

𝐴𝐵
= tan 𝐶̂ =𝐶𝐵

𝐶𝐵
tan 𝐶𝐴̂𝐵= tan 𝐵𝐴̂𝐶= tan 𝐴̂=𝐴𝐵
** so in any right angled triangle with hypotenuse
c and other sides a and b, it follows that HOMEWORK

̂
3. Find a) tan 𝐾

b) tan 𝐿̂
Classwork 1

1. ABC is a triangle (Δ) in which B=90°, calculate 4. What is

the third side.
a) tan 𝜃 ?
a) AB=6m BC=8m b) AB=9cm BC=12cm
b) tan 𝛼 ?
c) AC=25m BC=24m

d) AC=41mm AB=40mm
5.

2,6
𝑡𝑎𝑛 41° = = ⎕, ⎕⎕(2decimal places,d.p.)
3

3,5
note: Pythagorean triple – is a set of 3 whole 𝑡𝑎𝑛 41° = 4
= ⎕, ⎕⎕ (2d.p.)
numbers which give the lengths of sides of right-
5,2
angled Δ. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 41° = 6
= ⎕, ⎕⎕ (2d.p.)

1
note: the value of ratio for 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟒𝟏° is “roughly” Classwork 5
the same, 𝑡𝑎𝑛 41° ≅ 0.87
1. Find the marked side (answers to 3 significant
6. Find the missing side, figures, s.f.)

𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞
note: tangent of an angle = 𝐚𝐝𝐣𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞

Classwork 3 Evaluate the ratios of the following

using tan tables/calculator giving your answers
in the following form ___, ⎕⎕⎕⎕(i.e to 4dp)/
give to 4sf to improve accuracy

[tan][angle/number][=] calculator in DEG or D 2. Calculate the

mode marked angle 𝜃.
1. tan 42° 2. tan 62° 3. tan 38°

4. tan 71° 5. tan 45° 6. tan 78.6° note: ** in No. 1d, 60° is the complement of the
Classwork 4 Find the angle (𝜃) whose tangents given 30°, involves less tedious calculations.
are as follows giving your answers in the Learners who use 30° have more demanding
following form ___, ⎕(i.e to 1dp) calculations. Complementary angles add up to
90°.
[2nd F][tan][ratio/number][=] calculator in DEG
or D mode ** supplementary angles add up to 180°.

5 degrees and minutes

1. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 9
** 1 revolution = 360 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑠 = 360°
= 0,5556
** 1 degree= 60 minutes = 60ʹ
⟺ 𝜃 =? Classwork 6 Simplify
2 4
2. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 7 = 0,2857 3. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 3 = 1,3333 1. 28°22ʹ + 42°31ʹ 2. 36°42ʹ + 18°53ʹ

⟺ 𝜃= ⟺ 𝜃= 3. 44°43ʹ − 21°18ʹ 4. 65°11ʹ − 58°32ʹ

8
4. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 5 = 1,6000 5. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 =
11
= 2,7500 HW 5. 18°44ʹ × 3 6. 25°52ʹ ÷ 4
4
Conversions
⟺ 𝜃= ⟺ 𝜃=
to minutes
1 1
5 1. 2° 2. 3 2 ° 3. 84°
6. 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 8 = 0,6250 hw 7.
4. 0,1° 5. 0,2°
⟺ 𝜃= ⟺ a) 𝜃 = b) 𝛼 =
2
 to degrees *4. sin 81°26ʹ 5. cos 34°30ʹ 6.
tan 81.8° *7. sin 56,7° *8. cos 8°34ʹ
6. 180ʹ 7. 90ʹ 8. 240ʹ
note: observe carefully results obtained in *
9. 6ʹ 10. 15ʹ 11. 21ʹ questions
12. 33ʹ Classwork 8 Find the angle (𝜃) whose
homework to degrees and minutes cosines/sines are as follows giving your answers
in the following form ___, ⎕(i.e to 1dp)
1
a) 18,5° b) 18 , 2 ° c) 28 3 °
[2nd F][sin/cos][ratio/number][=] calculator in
express as decimal number of degrees(1d.p.) DEG or D mode

a) 51°30ʹ b) 53°36ʹ c) 63°26ʹ a) (i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0,8329 (ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0,8329

note: specifically for those using tables only ⟺ 𝜃= 𝜃=

** tan 85°39ʹ ** tan 32°32ʹ b) (i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0,4949 (ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0,4949

sine (sin)and cosine(cos) ratios ⟺ 𝜃= 𝜃=

1 1
c) (i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 5 (ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 5

⟺ 𝜃= 𝜃=
2 2
d) (i) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 3 (ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 3
** CHA SHO TAO or SOH CAH TOA
⟺ 𝜃= 𝜃=
e.g. find a) tan 𝜃 b) sin 𝜃

c) cos 𝜃 d) tan 𝛼
e.g. 1 find 𝛼
e) sin 𝛼 f) cos 𝛼

Classwork 7 find the marked sides to 3s.f.

solution:
0,9
SHO ⟺ sin 𝛼 = = 0,3000
3

𝛼 =15,7118° = 15,7° (1dp)

Classwork 9 Find the marked angles and /sides

homework Evaluate the ratios of the following

giving your answers in the following form
0, ⎕⎕⎕⎕(i.e to 4dp)

[sin/cos][angle/number][=] calculator in DEG

or D mode

1. sin 42,5° *2. cos 33,3° 3. sin 45°12ʹ

3
e.g. 2 Find x. ** A boy B is looking up at the top of a flag
pole. To do this he raises line of sight
CHA
through an angle 𝐞 from the
⟺
𝑥
horizontal.
cos 35°16ʹ = 2
** A bird E is looking down at
2cos 35°16ʹ = 𝑥
a locust L on the ground. To do
2 × 0,8165 = 𝑥 ⟹ 1,6330 = 𝑥
this, the bird has to lower its line of sight from the
1,63𝑐𝑚(3sf) = 𝑥 horizontal through an angle 𝐝.

Classwork 10 More practice

5
1. n2014p1 No.9 a) Given that sin 𝜃 = 13 and

28° < 𝜃 < 180°, express as a common fraction

(i) cos 𝜃 (ii) tan 𝜃. [1,1]

2. j2015p1 No.9 a) If B is East of A, state the

3. From the top of a building 50m high, the angle
three figure bearing of A from B.
of depression to a car on the car park is 55°. The
car’s distance from the foot of the building is: b) express 33,55° in degrees and minutes. [1,2]

hw 4. An equilateral Δ has sides of length 2m. 3. j2015p1 No.13

Calculate the height of the Δ using

(i) Pythagoras Theorem

(ii) a suitable trigonometrical ratio.

Solving right-angled triangles (summary)

Triangle ACD is right angled at C. AD=6cm,
2 2 2
1) 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑎 𝐷𝐵̂ 𝐶 = 45° and 𝐷𝐴̂𝐶 = 30°. ABC is a straight
𝑎 𝑏
line . Using the information below, calculate
2) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 3) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵 =
𝑐 𝑐
a) CD, b) AB, giving the answer
𝑏 𝑎
4) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴 = 5) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵 =
𝑐 𝑐 correct to 1 decimal place.
𝑎 𝑏
6) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 = 𝑏 7) 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐵 = 𝑎 [
𝑠𝑖𝑛30° = 0,50; cos 30° = 0,87; 𝑡𝑎𝑛30° = 0,58;
]
𝑠𝑖𝑛45° = 0,71; cos 45° = 0,71; 𝑡𝑎𝑛45° = 1,00;
note: ** any surface or line which is parallel to
[1,2]
the surface the earth is said to be horizontal.
4. n2015p1 No.21
** any surface or line which is vertical to a
horizontal surface/line is said to be perpendicular
(thus the two meet at 90° ).

In the diagram, PQR is an isosceles triangle such

4
that PQ=PR=7cm, 𝑃𝑅̂ 𝑄 = 35°. Using as much of (iii) Hence calculate the perimeter of the triangle
the information given below as is necessary,
LMN. [2,4,2]
calculate
7. n2016p1 No.7a Express 61,7° in degrees and
a) QR, b) the area of the triangle PQR.

𝑠𝑖𝑛35° = 0,57 cos 35 ° = 0,82 𝑡𝑎𝑛35° = 0,70 minutes. [1]

[ ]
𝑠𝑖𝑛70° = 0,94 cos 70 ° = 0,34 𝑡𝑎𝑛70° = 2,75
8. n2016p1 No.15
[2,2]

5. n2015p2 No.2 a)

In the diagram, QRS is a straight line and PQR is

The diagram shows a quadrilateral ABCD with a triangle such that 𝑃𝑄̂ 𝑅 = 90°, PQ=12cm and
BC=8cm, AC=12cm, 𝐶𝐴̂𝐷 = 46,5° and QR=5cm.

𝐴𝐵̂ 𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐷 = 90°. a) Calculate PR,

(i) Calculate AB, (ii) Calculate CD, b) Expressing the answer as a common fraction,

(iii) Calculate the area of quadrilateral ABCD. write down the value of

[2,2,3] (i) tan 𝑄𝑃̂ 𝑅, (ii) cos 𝑃𝑅̂ 𝑆. [1,1,1]

6. j2016p2 No.3 a) 9. n2016p2 No.6(a)

In the diagram, triangle ADP is right-angled at P.

AP=(𝑥 − 7)cm, AD=(𝑥 + 2)cm and DP=x cm.
̂ 𝑁 = 90°, MN=x cm,
In the diagram, 𝐿𝑀
L=(x+3)cm and LN=7cm. (i) Form an equation in x and show that it

(i) Form an equation in x and show that it reduces reduces to 𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 45 = 0.

to 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0. (ii) Solve the equation 𝑥 2 − 18𝑥 + 45 = 0.

(ii) Solve the equation 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0, giving (iii) Hence write down the length of AP.

the answers correct to 2 significant figures. [2,3,1]

5
10. n2017p1 No.14 a) Find x. b) Calculate the total surface

area of the prism. [2,3]

13. n2018p1 No.19

In the diagram, PQRS is a trapezium with PQ

parallel to SR, PQ=5cm, PS=8cm, SR=11cm and ,
𝑃𝑆̂𝑅 = 30°.

Calculate the area of the trapezium, use as much

of the information given below as is necessary. In the diagram, triangle ABC is right angled at B,
BCD is a straight line,AC=12cm and 𝑩𝑪 ̂ 𝑨 = 45°.
[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝟎° = 𝟎, 𝟓𝟎𝟎; 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟎° = 𝟎, 𝟖𝟔𝟔; 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑𝟎° = 𝟎, 𝟓𝟕𝟕].

√2 √2
[3] [𝑠𝑖𝑛45° = cos 45 ° = ]
2 2

11. n2017p1 No.24a)

Using as much of the information given above as
is necessary, calculate

a) BC, leaving the answer in surd form,

b) sin 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐷 leaving the answer in surd form,

c) tan 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐷. [2,1,2]

14. j2019p1 No.15 In a rectangle ABCD,

AB=12cm and BC=5cm. Express as a common

In the diagram 𝑃𝑄̂ 𝑅 = 90°, PQ=5cm and 𝑄𝑃̂𝑅 =
60°. fraction,

Calculate PR, a) tan 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐷, b) cos 𝐷𝐴̂𝐶,

[Use as much of the information given below as ̂ 𝐶.

c) sin 𝐵𝐷 [1,2,1]
is necessary]
15. j2019p2 No.2 a) sin 𝜃 = cos 40°. Find 2
[𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔𝟎° = 𝟎, 𝟖𝟔𝟔; 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎° = 𝟎, 𝟓𝟎𝟎; 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟔𝟎° = 𝟏, 𝟕𝟑𝟐].
possible values of 𝜃 if 0° < 𝜃 < 180°.
[2]
b)
12. j2018p1 No.23

In the diagram, ABC is a triangle in which AP is

perpendicular to BC. AB=9,4cm, 𝐴𝐵̂ 𝐶 = 37° and
In the diagram, ABCDEF is a solid triangular 𝑃𝐴̂𝐶 = 42°.
prism. AB=6cm, BC=20cm, AF=8cm, FB=x cm (i) calculate the length of AP,
and 𝐵𝐴̂𝐹 = 90°.
(ii) Calculate the length of AC. [2,2,2]

6
16. j2019p2 No.7b Triangle ABC is such that, 19. n2019p2 No.3b

𝐴𝐵̂ 𝐶 = 90°, AB=(𝑥 + 2)cm and

AC=(2𝑥 + 3)cm.

(i) Write down an expression in terms of x , for

sin 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐵.
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(ii) Given that sin 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐵 = 16 form an equation in In the diagram, triangle PQS is a right –angled at
Q. SQR is a straight line. PQ=3,7cm, PR=5,2cm
x. and 𝑃𝑆̂𝑅 = 22.3°.

(iii) Solve the equation in (b)(ii). Calculate the

(iv) Hence find the length of side AC. (i) length of PS, (ii) angle 𝑆𝑃̂𝑅,

(v) Hence, calculate the length of side BC. (iii) angle 𝑄𝑃̂ 𝑅 [2,2,2]

[1,1,2,1,2] 20. n2014Rp1 No.25

5
17. j2020p1 No.14 It is given that sin 𝑦° = 13

and that y is an acute angle. Find as a common

fraction,

a) cos(180° − 𝑦°), b) tan 𝑦°. [2,1]

In the diagram, ABC is a triangle in which
18. j2020p2 No.10
AB=11cm, BC=16cm, 𝐴𝐵̂ 𝐶 = 60° and AD is the
altitude.

Using as much of the information given below

as is necessary and leaving the answers in surd
form where appropriate, find

a) (sin 60°)2 + (cos 60°)2 ,

b) area of triangle ABC,

In the diagram KLNG is a trapezium in which
c) the length of BD.
LMN is a straight line and 𝐾𝐿̂𝑀 = 𝑀𝑁 ̂ 𝐺 = 90°,
MK=7cm, MG=5cm. 𝐿𝑀 ̂ 𝐾 = 60° and, 𝑁𝑀̂𝐺 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛60° =
√3 1
; cos 60 ° = 2 ; 𝑡𝑎𝑛60° =
√3
]
2 1
35°. Calculate the
[2,2,2]
a) length of NG, ̂ 𝐺,
b) size of 𝐾𝑀

c) area of triangle KMG, d) length of KG

̂𝐺
e) size of 𝑀𝐾 [2,1,2,4,3]
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