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Methodology For Land Cover Classification Using CNN

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18 views6 pages

Methodology For Land Cover Classification Using CNN

Uploaded by

Aman kumar Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Methodology for Land Cover Classification Using Deep

Learning (TensorFlow)
This methodology outlines the steps to perform Land Use
Land Cover (LULC) classification using deep learning
models built with TensorFlow. The goal is to classify
satellite imagery into different land cover types, such as
forest, water, urban, and agricultural areas, by leveraging
advanced image processing and deep learning techniques.

Tutorial-Link: https://youtu.be/9WYFDDk6Kms?si=vRCKJU38eQd3gZnZ

1. Problem Definition
The primary objective is to assign each pixel in satellite
imagery to a predefined land cover class. Accurate
classification enables better management of natural
resources, urban planning, and environmental monitoring.
Key Challenges:
 High similarity between certain land cover types (e.g., bare
soil and urban).
 Limited labeled data for training robust models.
 Handling large, high-resolution satellite datasets efficiently.
2. Data Collection and Preprocessing
Data Sources:
 Satellite Imagery: High-resolution images from Sentinel-
2, Landsat, or MODIS.
 Reference Labels: Land cover datasets like CORINE,
NLCD, or manually annotated data.

Preprocessing Steps:
1. Image Preparation:
 Download multispectral satellite imagery.

 Ensure uniform spatial and spectral resolutions across

datasets.
2. Normalization:
 Scale pixel values to ensure consistency, aiding faster model

convergence.
3. Georeferencing:
 Align imagery and reference maps for accurate pixel-by-

pixel correspondence.
4. Data Augmentation:
 Introduce variability (e.g., random flips, rotations) to
improve model generalization.
5. Dataset Partitioning:
 Split the data into training, validation, and testing sets

(typically 70%, 20%, and 10%).

3. Model Selection
Baseline Models:
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) form the
foundation for extracting spatial features from satellite
imagery.
Advanced Architectures:
1. U-Net: Designed for pixel-wise segmentation with encoder-
decoder architecture and skip connections.
2. SegNet: Focused on semantic segmentation, ideal for
LULC tasks.
3. ResNet: Employs residual learning for deeper networks,
preventing vanishing gradients.
4. Vision Transformers (ViT): Captures global dependencies
in the data for precise classification.
4. Model Training

Key Hyperparameters:
 Learning Rate: A small initial learning rate ensures
stability (e.g., 0.0001–0.001).
 Batch Size: Determine based on system memory, typically
16–32 for large imagery.
 Epochs: Train for 50–200 epochs, adjusting based on
dataset size and convergence.
Training Process:
 Utilize augmented training data for improved robustness.
 Monitor loss and accuracy metrics to assess model
performance on validation data.
 Employ techniques like early stopping to avoid overfitting.

5. Evaluation Metrics

Quantitative Metrics:
1. Pixel Accuracy: Percentage of correctly classified pixels.
2. Intersection over Union (IoU): Measures the overlap
between predicted and actual land cover classes.
3. F1-Score: Balances precision and recall for each class.
Visual Metrics:
 Compare predicted classification maps with ground truth
data for a qualitative assessment.

6. Post-Processing
Noise Reduction:
 Apply morphological operations (e.g., dilation, erosion) to
refine classified maps and remove small artifacts.
Spatial Smoothing:
 Use spatial filters to enhance the visual coherence of
predicted maps.
GIS Integration:
 Reproject predictions to match original geospatial
coordinates for use in Geographic Information Systems
(GIS).

7. Deployment

Options for Deployment:


1. Cloud Deployment:
 Deploy the trained model as a web API using platforms like

TensorFlow Serving or AWS SageMaker.


2. Edge Deployment:
 Use TensorFlow Lite to deploy lightweight models on

mobile or IoT devices.


3. Desktop Applications:
 Integrate predictions into GIS platforms like QGIS or

ArcGIS for operational use.

8. Monitoring and Model Updating


 Continuously monitor the model's performance with new
satellite data.
 Implement active learning by adding misclassified
examples to the training dataset.
 Regularly retrain the model to adapt to environmental
changes or new data sources.

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