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Topographical Analysis

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16 views6 pages

Topographical Analysis

Uploaded by

Aman kumar Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Practical Exercise 3: Topographical Analysis

1.1 Introduction

In this exercise, you will perform topographical analysis and visibility analysis of surface
terrain.

1.2 Objectives:
1. Contouring
2. Slope
3. Aspect
4. Hillshade
5. Viewshed
6. Visibility Analysis

Task 1: Preparing Contours

Use of DEM is not always possible, especially if you are developing or using mobile GIS
application due to size of the DEM. Hence the best way to replace this is by using contour
lines which would help surveyors, managers, ecologist, wildlife specialist or others to
identify the approximate elevation above the mean sea level.

Specify contour interval. (Contour interval is critical it depends on varying heights you have.
E.g. if you are working with Western Ghats you will specify lesser contour interval because
the elevation level changes frequently. However if you are studying central Maharashtra you
will need to give a higher contour interval. For the present practical try to identify the location
and give the contour interval accordingly.

Contour List:
Multiple contour intervals as opposed to constant contour intervals can maximize the information of
that terrain.

Task 2: Calculating Slope

You can reclassify the slope into 5 classes using appropriate colour ramp to display your
image.
Task 3: Calculating Aspect

Aspect provides the direction of the downhill slope. This can help distinguish terrains of
similar slopes. The output is 0 -360 (Starting from North clockwise)

Task 4: Calculating Hillshade

The hillshade analysis tool creates a shaded relief from a surface raster by considering the
illumination source angle and shadows. It works using the illumination source as sun or
object and angle you specify. The output is the illumination intensity from 0 – 255.
The azimuth angle and altitude angle value will change in real world considering the position
along the earth’s surface, elevation and the time at which you are illuminating the earth’s
surface. Default values are 315 – Azimuth Angle and 45 degrees – Altitude Angle

Task 5: Performing visibility /viewshed Analysis

a. Viewshed:
Viewshed determines the raster surface locations visible to a set of observer features.

Single Observer Point:

Multiple Observer Points


b. Observer Points:
For visibility analysis with multiple observation points, this tool helps us identify
which areas are visible from specific points out of the multiple observation input
points. The attribute table gives an additional Boolean table with value 1 for visible
point/points and 0 value for the non-observable points.

c. Visibility:
This tool helps set additional observer parameters for visibility analysis along with
analysis type option. Users can provide observer offset height data (example, height
of a tower), observer elevation (example, elevation at which the tower is placed at)
and surface offset height data. If the analysis option is ‘frequency’ then the Boolean
table is not specified.
User can also determine visibility angle radius, start and end angle for horizontal and
vertical angles.

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