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The Concept of Scale

The concept of scale

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10 views14 pages

The Concept of Scale

The concept of scale

Uploaded by

Tuscano Arkcher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Concept of Scale

• The ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding


distance on the ground measured in the same unit

• Relates to the size of the area being studied and determines


the level of precision and generalization applied in the
study. (Dent, 1990)

• An elusive thing because, by the very nature of the


necessary transformation from the sphere to the plane, the
scale of a map must vary from place to place and will even
vary in different directions at a point. (Robinson et. al.,
1984)
 Scale is defined as a dimensional relationship between
reality and map
 Maps are necessarily smaller than the areas
mapped

 To be usable maps must state the ratio or


proportion between comparable measurements.

distance on map (dm) 1


distance on ground (dg) x
FORMS OF SCALE
•• Verbal Statement
– this is a statement of map distance in relation to earth
distance.
i.e., 10 cm to 1 km, or 1 in. to 16 mi.

•• Representative fraction
– a simple fraction or ratio, in which the same unit of
distance on both sides of the ratio must be the same.
i.e., 1:10,000 or 1/10,000 (the former is preferred)
FORMS OF SCALE

•• Graphic or Bar scale


– a line placed on the map, often in the legend box or margin of the
sheet, that has been subdivided to show the map lengths of units of
earth distance
– the left end of the bar is subdivided into smaller units to provide
more precise estimation of distances

•• Areal scale
– refers to the ratio of areas on the map to those on the earth.
– the stated scale is one in which 1 unit of area (sq.m. or sq. in.) is
proportional to a particular number of the same square units on the
earth.
RELATIVE SCALE
•• Large Scale (1:50,000 or less)
– includes considerable amount of detail
– relatively accurate
– examples include topographic, cadastral, construction, city
maps

•• Medium Scale (between 1:50,000 and 1:500,000)


– more selective, generalizes

•• Small Scale (1:500,000 or more)


– scale is true only at certain locations
Scale sets a limit on:
 The information that
can be included.
 The manner that the
information can be
presented.
Factors Affecting the Choice of Map Scale

•• Purpose of the Survey


•• Clarity with which the features can be shown
•• Cost – the larger the scale, the higher the cost
•• Size of the map sheet
•• Physical factors or choice of the terrain
Methods of Changing Scale

•• Optical Projections
- instrument: projector
- advantage: fast, easy, accurate
- disadvantage: if the source map and the new map
have different map projections, this method cannot
be used
Methods of Changing Scale

•• Photography
- advantage: easy
- disadvantage: expensive

•• Pantography
- instrument: pantograph
- disadvantage: friction in linkage produces distortion
Methods of Changing Scale

•• Similar-Figures Method
- instrument: proportion divider
- advantage: accurate depending on gridding
- disadvantage: time consuming

•• Computer-Assisted Techniques
- example: Ground Sample Distance (GSD)
GSD = scale/(dpi x 12)
Thank you for listening.

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