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PA System Design

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49 views7 pages

PA System Design

Uploaded by

syedfahmidul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology

ASSIGNMENT ON PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM

Course No: EEE 414


Course Name: Electrical Service Design

GROUP 2
Members
1706005|1706013 | 1706014 | 1706016
1706024|1706027
INTRODUCTION

A public address system, sometimes known as a PA system, is an electronic setup that includes
loudspeakers, microphones, amplifiers, and additional hardware. It amplifies the perceived
volume (loudness) of a person's voice, a musical instrument, or any other acoustic sound source,
as well as the volume of recorded music or sound. Every public setting where an announcer,
performer, etc. must be audible enough from a distance or over a significant area uses PA
systems. Sports arenas, public transit equipment, as well as live or recorded music venues and
events, are examples of typical applications. Several microphones or other sound sources may be
used in a PA system. Multiple amplifiers and loudspeakers may also be used for greater loudness
or wider distribution.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

A typical block diagram of a PA system includes the following components:

· Sound source: The sound source can be a microphone, CD player, or any other
audio device that provides the sound to be amplified.

· Amplifier: The amplifier receives the audio signal from the sound source and
increases its power.

· Mixer: The mixer is used to combine multiple audio inputs into a single output that
can be amplified.

· Equalizer: The equalizer is used to adjust the frequency response of the audio
signal.

· Speakers: The speakers receive the amplified audio signal and convert it into sound.
TYPES OF PA SYSTEM

The PA system can be classified such as,

● Personal PA System
● Medium Size PA System
● Large Size PA System
● Portable PA System

WIRING AND CONNECTION DIAGRAM


COMPONENTS OF A GENERAL PA SYSTEM

MICROPHONE

A PA system's microphone is one of its most crucial parts or components. In essence, the
microphone is a transducer that transforms sound or acoustic energy into electrical energy. In
accordance with the frequency of the sound energy delivered to it, it continually produces the
pulsating electrical voltage. The PA system uses a variety of microphone types. Handheld
microphones and lapel microphones are the two most common types of microphones.

MIXER

A mixer is necessary if the PA system uses numerous audio sources or microphones. A mixer is
a piece of technology that can concurrently regulate several sound sources. It is used to isolate
different channels from each other before feeding it to main amplifier.

Three types of mixers are used in PA system:

1. Simplest

2. Little sophisticated

3. Most sophisticated

VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER

It further amplifies the output of mixer.

PROCESSING CIRCUITS

The processing circuits block consists of the “master gain control” and the “tone control
circuits”. The tone control circuit consists of the bass and treble control circuits. The bass control
circuit will amplify or cut the low frequency signals and the treble control will amplify or cut the
high frequency signals.

DRIVER AMPLIFIER
It gives voltage amplification to the signal to such an extent that when fed to the next stage, the
internal resistance of that stage is reduced. Thus, it drives the power amplifier to give more
power.

POWER AMPLIFIER

It converts electrical signals into pressure variations resulting in sound. The push pull type of
amplifier is generally used because this type eliminates the even harmonics from the output of
the amplifier and avoids the core saturation of the output transformer. The power amplifier
drives the loudspeakers. Matching transformers are used between them to match the low speaker
impedance to the output impedance of the power amplifier.

REQUIREMENTS OF PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM:

1. It must avoid the acoustic feedback

2. Distribute the sound intensity uniformly.

3. Reduce reverberations.

4. It must use proper speaker orientation.

5. Select proper microphones and loudspeaker.

6. It should create a sense of direction.

7. Loudspeaker impedances should be matched properly.

8. Proper grounding should be provided.

9. Use closed ring connection for loudspeakers.

DESIGN OF A CONFERENCE ROOM

What audio equipment should a conference room have (dimension 6m * 3.5m)?


The required components of a PA system in the mentioned conference room are listed in table 1.

Table 1: Components for the conference room


Components Number
Microphones 10
Power Amplifier 1
Mixer 1
Speaker 4 (Wall Mounted)

Drawing of conference room


A) MICROPHONES
Gooseneck microphones are required for perfect transfer of quality sound. The seating
arrangement is of 10 people. So, total 10 gooseneck microphones are need for the conference
room.

B) POWER AMPLIFIER
The power amplifier enlarges the sound collected by the microphone, sends it to the speaker, and
the speaker emits it in the venue. At the same time, it also achieves our goal of deploying audio
equipment in the conference room. It is impossible to hear clearly when speaking in a large
conference room, and the audio equipment can amplify the sound. Any suitable power amplifier
would do the purpose.

C) MIXER AND AUDIO


In complex conference room applications, multiple audio sources and different audio input
devices may be involved. For example, wired microphones and wireless microphones may be
involved, voices of video conferences may be involved, and a film may need to be played
temporarily during the conference. This requires the mixer to control these audio frequencies and
map different audio sources to different inputs of the mixer. In this way, the audio source of each
channel can be flexibly controlled, the audio size can be adjusted, and the effect can be
increased. Any suitable mixer for the mentioned size will do the work.
D) SPEAKERS
4 wall mounted speakers at four surrounding walls would do the purpose.

CONCLUSION
A 6 mx3.5 m conference room has a small area. The required number of necessary components
are listed in this work. Schematic, block diagrams and other necessary details are analyzed.

Reference
https://www.rhaudiopa.com/design-of-public-address-system.html
https://www.academia.edu/36223187/Design_and_construction_of_wireless_public_address_system_report

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