IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.

org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Special Issue || March. 2022 || PP 43-48
National Conference on Innovations and Research in Science & Technology (NCIRST-22)

Wireless Based Collision Avoidance System for Railway Sector

using Raspberry Pi
Prof.S.R.rohile1,Korade Shital Bharat2 ,Phadale Shraddha Baburao3,
More Harshada Sandip4
1
Assistant Professor,2Student,3Student,4Student
2
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication engineering, Samarth Group Of Institution college of
Engineering, Belhe ,India

Abstract :Human negligence and human error have become the primary cause for train accidents in India.
The objective of the paper is to eliminate train accidents by exploiting surveillance. Each locomotive is
equipped with an automated surveillance system. The train tracks in railway network are segmented and given
with distinct track numbers which are read by surveillance system inside the locomotive. This track number will
be shared with neighbor trains using Radio Frequency Communication by the surveillance system. The system
then compares its track number with neighbor train track numbers. On locating same track numbers, steps are
taken by the surveillance system to caution the concerned motorman in order to stop the train and avoid
mishaps. The paper proposes specific way of numbering the train tracks in segments. Also a communication
protocol is proposed to ensure data transfer among Radio Frequency transceivers of the systems under half
duplex mode. Railways are an efficient means of transportation as they transport a large number of people and
goods simultaneously. Wireless Monitoring Unit (WMU) called as nodes are deployed at each end of the branch
track to enable detection of the arrival and departure of the trains for the specific branch.
Keywords – Raspberry pi,GSM,GPS,Ultrasonic sensor,monitor.

I. INTRODUCTION
Recent days are filled with train accidents all over the world. As per the report of CNN IBN India,
dated September 14, 2011, 85% of the train accidents in those last four months are due to human error .The
major reasons for such disasters are either human errors or technical errors which were due to less maintenance.
The proposed method assists to conquer some of the major train risks. In this work a simple, economical
surveillance mechanism is proposed to surmount the risks. In this work a simple, economical surveillance
mechanism is proposed to surmount the risks. Vehicle tracking is one of the very important issues in this world
in recent years. And even train tracking and monitoring is also an important crisis now a days. Because a train
collision takes huge amount of human life and creating a massive loss to the railway sector in terms of money
and time. So the system what we are proposing here is a real time wireless based, which will track trains through
wired and wireless communication, make the communication between each trains through wireless, share their
location details and track details between themselves. Our system is used for each train to identify they are
travelling in which track number. Based on this, each train can calculate their distance from other trains and
exchange emergency messages between other trains when they are near about few kilometers and travelling in a
same track. Due to increase in population, there is a rapid increase in rail traffic. Increase in Rail traffic results
in many electromechanical devices. The generator delay will help protect both the generating set and the
appliances; a delay circuit allows the generator to run to full load, before connecting the load to it. The power
indicator on the other hand gives the operator both visual and audio indication, when the public power is
restored thereby reducing cost of power as it is cheaper to run on public power supply. This paper combines
twin functions of automatic changeover and sequential (gradual or step) loading to eliminate the need for
manual changeover, protect the loads, extend the lifespan of the generator and improve reliability of power
supply. The importance of automatic change over and step loader cannot be over emphasized especially in
critical industries like banking, telecommunications, defense, and healthcare where continuous
Wireless Based Collision Avoidance System for Railway Sector using Raspberry Pi operation is critical
and interruption of power supply has grievous consequences. A sequential loader is used to ensure power gets to
every load step by step. This is to ensure that power supply to the load is not accompanied by overloading of the
generator. This device is derailments/collision of trains. Many a time collisions happens due to a train on the
same railway track or due to some technical problem. For this many system has been designed. But they are
designed by considering the mistakes made by Loco pilot. But every time it’s not because of LP’s mistakes.

Samarth Group of Institution College of Engineering Belhe 43 | Page

 Wireless Based Collision Avoidance System for Railway Sector using Raspberry Pi

Some accidents occur due to fractured tracks. We are proposing this system to avoid the collisions/derailments
due to the crack or fractured in a railway tracks

Due to increase in population, there is a rapid increase in rail traffic. Increase in Rail traffic results in
many electromechanical devices. The generator delay will help protect both the generating set and the
appliances; a delay circuit allows the generator to run to full load, before connecting the load to it. The power
indicator on the other hand gives the operator both visual and audio indication, when the public power is
restored thereby reducing cost of power as it is cheaper to run on public power supply. This paper combines
twin functions of automatic changeover and sequential (gradual or step) loading to eliminate the need for
manual changeover, protect the loads, extend the lifespan of the generator and improve reliability of power
supply. The importance of automatic change over and step loader cannot be over emphasized especially in
critical industries like banking, telecommunications, defense, and healthcare where continuous operation is
critical and interruption of power supply has grievous consequences. A sequential loader is used to ensure power
gets to every load step by step. This is to ensure that power supply to the load is not accompanied by
overloading of the generator. This device is derailments/collision of trains. Many a time collisions happens due
to a train on the same railway track or due to some technical problem. For this many system has been designed.
But they are designed by considering the mistakes made by Loco pilot. But every time it’s not because of LP’s
mistakes. Some accidents occur due to fractured tracks. We are proposing this system to avoid the
collisions/derailments due to the crack or fractured in a railway tracks

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Index Name of Authors Name and date Work

no. Research Paper of published

RF based train collision Dr.M.geethanjali, K.P. Segmenting and numbering the

1 avoidance system Shantha Krishnan,G.Raji tracks, results in sophisticated
13 February 2020. surveillance at ease of data
handling.

Real Time Wireless based Train R. Immanuel Rajkumar,

2 Tracking, Track Identification Dr.P. E. Sankaranarayanan, Track Identification and Collision
and Collision avoidance System and Dr.G.Sundari avoidance System.
for Railway Sectors 6, June 2014

A. Mahesh,
3 Wireless Based Collision Ch. Balaram Murthy This system is having the dynamic
Avoidance System 7, July 2016 nature to detect the objects in the
for Railway Sectors. track.

Features include train collision

4 IoT-based Collision Avoidance Prof. A. Haja Abdul Khader detection which notifies train
System for Dr. N. Jayaveeran drivers and the nearest station about
Railways using Fog Computing April 2018 the presence of another train on
track which may cause collision.
Table 2.1 Literature review

Samarth Group of Institution College of Engineering Belhe 44 | Page

 Wireless Based Collision Avoidance System for Railway Sector using Raspberry Pi

III. SYSTEM DESIGN

Figure 1 Bloack Diagram

Working:-
This Object Collision Avoidance for Train System consists of ultrasonic sensor, algorithm for
sensing the collision, GSM module. This Object Collision Avoidance for Train System consists of ultrasonic
sensor, algorithm for sensing the collision, GSM module.

a) Ultrasonic Sensor Module:-

The module mechanically sends the wave and mechanically sight whether or not receives the returning
pulse signal. If the signals returning, through outputting high level and therefore the time of high level continued
is that the time of that from the unbearable transmission to receiving.

b) The Algorithm for Sensing the Collision:-

When the collision is detect by using ultrasonic sensor which having the capacity to emit the waves
immediately for transmitting and receiving in order to detect the obstacles in the track. The arm controller gets
connect with the sensing module to sense the objects in the track.

c) GSM Module:-
When the collision is detected through the collision algorithm, the GSM module sends the
message to the driver in order to prevent the collisions in the track.

d) GPS Module:-
The sensing information can be transmitted via GPS interfaced with the ARM microcontroller to
identify the particular location of the obstacle where it is located can be previously identified and the warning
can be given to the driver by means of alarm in order to stop the train.

e) MEMS Sensor:-
MEMS is a technology, which is used to detect the tilt of the movable train and it makes a alarm to the
driver. They can able to take precautionary measures to save the passenger’s lives.

Samarth Group of Institution College of Engineering Belhe 45 | Page

 Wireless Based Collision Avoidance System for Railway Sector using Raspberry Pi

IV. BACKGROUND WORK

5.1 Hardware Detail

1. Raspberry Pi Zero

Figure 2 Raspberry pii

This is a super cheap single board computer. You get a working computer, it is cheaper than any
Arduino controller board. Though is not a working computer yet, at least you have the motherboard although it
has been a year after the release of Raspberry Pi Zero, it is still popular among the community and we carry it.
Raspberry Pi Zero is a super-compact, hackable, and ultra-low-cost computer, This is the latest version (V1.3)
with camera connector (CSI 0.5mm pitch to pitch).And there is no so call clone version of this super low-cost
computer this is the original Raspberry Pi Zero

2. Ultrasonic Sensor

Figure 3 Ultrasonic sensor

Ultrasonic Distance Sensor provides range from very short (2 Centimeters) to long range (5 Meters) for
applications in detection and ranging. The sensor provides precise and stable noncontact distance measurements
from about 2 cm to 5 meters with very high accuracy. The ultrasonic sensor can easily be interfaced to
microcontrollers where the triggering and measurement can be done using two I/O pin. The sensor transmits an
ultrasonic wave and produces an output pulse that corresponds to the time required for the burst echo to return to
the sensor. By measuring the echo pulse width, the distance to target can easily be calculated. This Ultrasonic
Distance Sensor is perfect for any number of applications that require you to perform measurements between
moving or stationary objects.

3. GPS

Figure 4 GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is global navigation satelite system which use constellation of
belween 24 and 52 Medium Earth Orbit satelites that transmit precise microwave signals, that enable GPS
Samarth Group of Institution College of Engineering Belhe 46 | Page
 Wireless Based Collision Avoidance System for Railway Sector using Raspberry Pi

receivers to determine their location, speed, direction, and time.GPS has become a widely used aid to navigation
worldwide, and a useful tool for map-making, land surveying commerce, scientific uses, tracking and
surveillance, and hobbies such as gro-caching and way marking Also, the precise time reference is used in many
applications including the scientific study of earthquakes and as a time synchronization source for cellular
network protocols

4. GSM

Figure 5 GSM

GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication. GSM is an open and digital cellular
technology used for mobile communication. It uses 4 different frequency bands of 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800
MHz and 1900 MHz . It uses the combination of FDMA and TDMA. GSM (Global System for Mobile
communication) is a digital mobile network that is widely used by mobile phone users in Europe and other parts
of the world. GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely used of the
three digital wireless telephony technologies: TDMA, GSM and code-division multiple access (CDMA). GSM
digitizes and compresses data, then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own
time slot. It operates at either the 900 megahertz (MHz) or 1,800 MHz frequency band.

5. Accelerometer

Figure 6 Accelerometer
Accelerometer sensor can measure static(earth gravity) or dynamic acceleration in all three axis.
Application of the sensor is in various fields and many applications can be developed using this sensor.
Accelerometer sensor measures level of acceleration where it is mounted this enable us to measure
acceleration/deceleration of object like car or robot, or tilt of a platform with respected to earth axis, or vibration
produced by machines. Sensor provides 0G output which detect linear free fall. Sensitivity can be adjusted in
two ranges. Acceleration is a vector force which has direction and measured in meters per second. Earth

Samarth Group of Institution College of Engineering Belhe 47 | Page

 Wireless Based Collision Avoidance System for Railway Sector using Raspberry Pi

produces gravitational acceleration on all objects on earth. By monitoring the three axis acceleration one can
measure the level of tilt of any platform

V. CONCLUSION
The propose collision avoidance systems are especially useful in bad weather conditions. A design for
automatically averting train collisions and accidents occurring due to crack formation have been designed,
simulated and tested. It uses the advanced features of PIC16F877 micro controller with ZIGBEE communication
technique, proves to be effective in achieving the objects. It is applicable for many aspect of the railways for
uninterruptible service. The silent features like saving human life, protection against accidents and the
communicable electronic systems are the main advantage of this system. From the above discussion and
information of this system we, up to now surely comes to know that it is highly reliable effective and
economical at dense traffic area, sub urban area and the route where frequency of trains is more. As it saves
some auxiliary structure as well as the expenditure on attendant it is more economical at above mentioned places
than traditional railway crossing gate system.

Acknowledgements
We thank our Pricipal and faculties from Samarth Group Of Institution College Of Engineering,Belhe
who provided insight and expertise. We express our sincere thanks to Suvarna Rohile idedese supervision and
inspiration as well as valueable discussion and constructive critism provide during the paper.We are also
thankful to Prof.Nirmal S. Kothari,HOD (E& TC)has constant guidance .We shall ever be gratefull to his for
the encouragement and suggestions given by his from time to time.

REFERENCES
Journal Papers:
[1] P. C. Sharma & Amitabh (2004), “Safety as Key Business Theme! – Indian Railways Perspective”, International Railway Safety
Conference, Perth.
[2] Dr.M.geethanjali, K.P.Shantha Krishnan, G.Raji RF based train collision avoidance system. Segmenting and numbering the tracks,
results in sophisticated surveillance at ease of data handling February 2020
[3] R. Immanuel Rajkumar, Dr.P. E. Sankaranarayanan, Dr.G.Sundari, Real Time Wireless based Train Tracking, Track Identification
and Collision avoidance System for Railway Sectors 6, June 2014Mahesh, Ch. Balaram Murthy Wireless Based Collision
Avoidance System for Railway Sectors This system is having the dynamic nature to detect the objects in the track. 7, July 2016
[4] Prof. A. Haja Abdul Khader Dr. N. Jayaveeran IoT-based Collision Avoidance System for Railways using Fog Computing Features
include train collision detection which notifies train drivers and the nearest station about the presence of another train on track
which may cause collision April 2018
[5] Ansari Mohd Abid, Monali Sudhir Kini, Mayuri Subhash Kini,Prajkta Akre. Railway Accident Avoidance System System design
and develop IOT based Railway Accident Avoidance System using Cloud Computing Technology & Raspberry-pi. May - June
2019
[6] Chellaswamy C, Kannan G, Vanathi A, Chinnammal V,A novel frontal collision avoidance system using wireless network for
railways frontal collision avoidance system. 24 February 2020
[7] Manoj Sai, Mani Arun, Santhosh Paul, Sudarshan Train Collision Avoidance & Crack Detection Using GPS uses the advanced
features of PIC16F877 micro controller with ZIGBEE communication technique. July 2019

Samarth Group of Institution College of Engineering Belhe 48 | Page