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Newton Law of Motion

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18 views11 pages

Newton Law of Motion

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adaorjiakor5
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PHY 101 B

NEWTONS LAWS OF MOTION


EQUATIONS OF MOTION
IMPULSE, FORCE
NEWTONS LAWS OF MOTION
• These are physical laws that describe and relate the relationship between
motion of an object and the forces acting on it.
• FIRST LAW; LAW OF INERTIA: states that an object remains in its state of REST or
UNIFORM motion unless an impress force acts on it. This implies that objects
main their state of motion unless a distortion/change is caused by an
external influence.
• SECOND LAW; LAW OF ACCELERATION/MOMENTUM: states that the rate of
change of momentum, is directly proportional to the Force applied.
• THIRD LAW; LAW OF ACTION & REACTION: states that for every action, there
is an equal but opposite reaction. Thus, forces occur in pairs; when an object
exerts a force, another objects exerts a force of the same magnitude but in
opposite direction.
MATHEMATICALLY, THE LAWS OF
MOTION CAN BE WRITTEN AS:
• If 𝑭𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟎, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝒗 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 −−−− −𝑳𝑨𝑾 𝟏

• 𝑴𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎 = 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑿 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚


𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒎 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝑿 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
𝑭 ∝ ; 𝑭 ∝ −−−−−− −𝑳𝑨𝑾 𝟐
𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

• 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒘𝒐 𝒐𝒃𝒋𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩,

𝑭𝑨𝑩 = − 𝑭𝑩𝑨 − −𝑳𝑨𝑾 𝟑


EQUATIONS OF MOTION
• The equations of motion describe the relationship between an
object's displacement, velocity, acceleration, and time. They
are often used in physics to solve problems involving linear
motion.

FIRST EQUATION:
𝒗 = 𝒖 + 𝒂𝒕
Where, v= final velocity, u= initial velocity, a=
acceleration, t= time
EQUATIONS OF MOTION CONT’D

•SECOND EQUATION
•𝑺 = 𝒖𝒕 + 𝟏Τ 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
S= Displacement
U= initial velocity
t= time taken
a= acceleration
EQUATIONS OF MOTION CONT’D

• THIRD EQUATION
𝟐 𝟐
•𝒗 = 𝒖 + 𝟐𝒂𝑺
• V= final velocity
• U= initial velocity
• a= acceleration
• S= displacement
• These equations are applicable where the acceleration is constant.
IMPULSE AND FORCE
• Denoted by J, the mathematical relationship that exists between impulse
and a force F over a time interval ∆𝑡 is given as
• 𝐽 = 𝐹 𝑋 ∆𝑡
• 𝐽 = 𝐹∆𝑡
the unit is 𝑁𝑠 or 𝑘𝑔𝑚𝑠 −1
Food for thought: “Is Force always an Impulse”?
TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
• A body of mass m is moving with a velocity v in a straight line. If the mass
and velocities are doubled.
(i) Find the ratio of the initial momentum to its final momentum
(ii) Find the ratio of the final kinetic energy to the initial kinetic energy

• The displacement of an object is proportional to the square of time, this


implies that the object moves with increasing velocity; TRUE OR FALSE?
TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
• A passenger in a moving bus is thrown forward when the bus suddenly stops,
what law of motion explains this?
• A ball of mass 200g is moving with a speed of 30𝑚𝑠 −1 . When it strikes a wall, it
returns to the same path with the same speed; if the time taken is 0.2𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠.
What is the force exerted by the ball on the wall?
• A bus starts suddenly, and the passengers are pushed back is a example of
which law of motion?
NEWTONIAN MECHANICS(INTRO)
• Laws of motion
• Equations of motion
• Types of motion
• Applications
• Properties and concepts
• Notable Scientists involved.
FOOD FOR THOUGHT: “IS FORCE
ALWAYS AN IMPULSE”?
• Force and impulse have different units--impulse has units of
momentum, mass * distance/time (mass times velocity), while force has
units of mass * distance/time^2 (mass times acceleration). If only a
single force is acting on an object for a given time period, then
multiplying the force by the time (or integrating the force over the time
if the force isn't constant) gives the change in the object's momentum
over that time, so in that case impulse is exactly equivalent to the change
in momentum. (If multiple forces are acting over a time period, you
have to perform vector addition on the impulses from each force to get
the total change in momentum. That's why impulse is conceptually
different than change in momentum--if a book is just resting on a table,
over a given time period it will receive an impulse due to gravity and an
impulse due to the normal force from the table, and these will cancel out
so there is zero net change in the book's momentum.)

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