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globalization & culture written report

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Rizza Mae Avila Bicol
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6 views

globalization & culture written report

Uploaded by

Rizza Mae Avila Bicol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction

There has been a significant focus on the discussions regarding globalization


and culture recently, particularly in the early 21 st century. The main focus has
been on how globalization impacts the formation and hindrance of a ‘world
culture’, as well as the role of culture in aiding the globalization process.
Globalization is important to recognize as both the source and the result of
cultural differences and cultural resemblances. The chapter starts by
introducing the concept of culture and globalization, followed by an
exploration of the three potential ways in which culture can be disseminated
worldwide.

Culture

According to Edward B. Taylor, broadly defines culture as ‘that complex


whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Culture encompasses perceptions, values, knowledge, language, customs,
laws, symbols, behaviors, and interactions, defining the distinctiveness of a
group. Dynamic and varied, it provides crucial instructions for social
organization; chaos would reign without it.

Characteristics of Culture

Culture is Dynamic – Culture changes through human interaction.

Culture is Transmissible – Culture is capable of being passed to other


generation.

Culture is Cumulative - : Culture is ongoing, depending on new challenges


and opportunities.

Culture is Adaptive – Culture evolves over time. As humans grow, so does


culture.
Culture is Relative – Culture differs from one region to another.

Culture is Social in Character – Culture can be communicated. It is part and


parcel of us.

Types of Culture

Material – Refers to all man-made products that can be seen and touched

Non-material – refers to all aspects of human life that can neither be seen
nor touched

Globalization

Globalisation is simply the spread of culture across nations. Boli and Lechner
(2001), define globalisation as the expansion of worldwide flows of material
objects and symbols, and the proliferation of organisations and institutions of
global reach that structure those flows. In other words, it refers to the
interchange of views, values, norms and practices across nations of the
world.

Advantages of Globalization

Globalization Brings about Cultural Proximity – Globalisation brings cultures


together. People, companies and organisations in different nations can live
and work together.
Globalization Encourages Trading – With growing globalisation, trades among
nations have been made very easier than ever before in human history.

Globalization Encourages Comparative Cost Advantage – Globalisation has


made it possible for countries to specialise more in the goods they can
produce at cheaper prices

Globalization Reduces Prices of Goods - : Consequent upon comparative cost


advantage being adopted by nations of the world, goods and services are
sold at cheaper rates.

Globalisation Increases the Quality of a Product – As a result of high


competition, companies try to get the attentions of their customers through
the production of high quality products.

Globalization Provides Larger Market – With globalisation, sellers have


opportunities of selling their products not only at the local markers, but also
at the international markets, thereby extending seller’s territory and by
implication, increasing profit margin.

Globalization Provides Employment Opportunities – This can be considered


one of the major benefits of globalisation. This is because multinational
companies establish branches in (almost) all parts of the world.

Globalization Makes Education Easier and Faster – People can learn easier,
faster and more conveniently in this modern age globalisation. Apart from
the importance of Internet in acquiring knowledge across the world, people
can as well easily move to other countries to seek for knowledge.

Globalization Enhances Communication – Before now, communication among


people was limited by space. However, the invention of communication
technology such as the Internet, cell phones, et cetera and its eventual
spread across the globe has made it possible for the happenings in one
locality to easily be communicated to the other.

Disadvantages of Globalization

Globalization Creates Unemployment – Although it is true that globalisation


provides employment opportunities, it also causes unemployment in
industrialised countries because firms move their factories to places where
they can get cheaper workers

Globalization Causes Environmental Problems – With globalisation, firms now


find it more convenient to build 88 | Cross-Cultural Management: A
Multidisciplinary Approach their factories in places that are more suitable for
their establishment without considering the adverse effects of their existence
in such environment

Globalisation brings about the Underdevelopment of Third World Countries


and Development of First World Countries – In his book How Europe
Underdeveloped Africa, Walter Rodney (1972) puts forward many arguments
on how the development of some nations was made possible through the
underdevelopment of others. In other words, ‘developed’ countries have
continued to develop at the detriment of the ‘underdeveloped’ countries.
This case of the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer came about
as a result of globalisation.

Globalisation Causes Health Problems – With easy exportation and


importation of humans, animals, and plants, from one nation to the other,
diseases and other health problems can easily be spread alongside.

Globalisation Increases Inequality – One of the problems of the twenty-first


century is increasing inequality, not only between individuals, but also
among nations of the world.
Globalisation Erodes Cultural Authenticity – Erosion of cultural authenticity is
one of the complaints levied against globalisation. Also, Manfred (2003)
describes McDonaldization and asserts that in the long run, the
McDonaldization of the world amounts to the imposition of uniform standards
that eclipse human creativity and dehumanize social relations.

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