FOR THE ORAL REPORT

The students should choose and formulate their powerpoint slide

template and its contents. The powerpoint presentation must not be a
repository of the contents of the report, but only an outline of your
topic/report. Kindly follow the “7-7 rule” or each slide should have a
maximum of seven (7) lines and not more than seven (7) words per line. As
they say, you do the talking and not let your powerpoint slides do it for
you!

PROPOSED FORMAT FOR THE RESEARCH

Title Page
Abstract
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Appendices

CHAPTER 1 PROBLEM RATIONALE

Introduction/Background of the Study
Research Problem
Significance of the Study
Research Impediments/Scope and Limitation of the Study
Definition of Terms

CHAPTER 2 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Introduction of the chapter (one paragraph citing the contents of the
chapter)
Review of Related Literature (with subheadings) – minimum 10
materials/journals/references
Theoretical Framework
Research Objectives/Research Questions
Hypotheses of the Study (if any)
Conceptual Framework/ Research Paradigm

CHAPTER 3 THE RESEARCH METHODS

Introduction of the chapter (one paragraph citing the contents of the
chapter)
Research Design
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 Subjects and Study Sites*
Research Instruments/Data Measure*
Data Gathering Procedure*
Ethical Considerations*
Mathematical or Statistical Treatment of Data /Data Analysis or Mode of
Analysis for Qualitative Approach*

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Introduction of the chapter
Presentation and Analysis of Data*/Discussions of Findings

CHAPTER 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND

DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
Introduction
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
Directions for Future Research

REFERENCES- list of all references mentioned in the body of the research and
other materials used by researcher, including on-line references during the
conduct of research.

APPENDICES-include the permission to access data, instruments used for data

collection (questionnaire, interview schedule, etc.), statistical computation that
are too lengthy to be included in the body of the manuscript.
Definition of Terms (optional)

*if you will use socio-legal approach and other methods that requires statistical
data, survey results etc.

PRELIMINARIES (FRONT MATTER)

TITLE PAGE

● Use BSU Graduate School approved template (if any)

● Title should not exceed 12 words
● It should be centered between margins, full capital letters
● Use Tahoma, Font size 12.
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 ABSTRACT

● The abstract should be between 100-150 words (approximately 12-15

lines), 1.5 spacing, written in one paragraph.
● The abstract must inform the reader of the basic purpose, methods, and
findings of the research. Begin the abstract by stating the problem or issue
under investigation. Provide information about the participants or subjects,
specifying pertinent characteristics.* Indicate the research design, sample size*,
and study site in case survey was used*. Give sufficient details about the
standardized tests used for statistical testing.* State the key findings. End the
abstract with conclusions and their implications (Cash, T. 2009).
● Note: Do not load the abstract with statistical details.*

TABLE OF CONTENTS

● Pls. refer to BSU Graduate School Template (if any)

● Double-space to the labels ‘Table and Page’ which should be placed flush
with the left and right margins, respectively. Indent and space captions for
tables
● It includes the preliminary pages ( in i-series pagination), the body of the
research references, appendixes and resume.
● The parts listed should indicate their corresponding pages in the report.

LIST OF TABLES

● Contains the table number, table titles, and the corresponding pages of all
tables found in the report.
● Table number starts with Table 1 and are numbered consecutively all
throughout the report.

LIST OF FIGURES

● Contains the figure number, the caption, and the corresponding pages of
all figures found in the report
● Figure number starts with Figure 1 and are numbered consecutively all
throughout the report

LIST OF APPENDICES

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 ● Contains the list of appendices from the first to the last appendix (e.g.
APPENDIX A). This is counted in the pagination of the report.

THE TEXT (BODY)

CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM RATIONALE

(Taken from the suggestion of Dr. Dante Garcia and the OGR format)

This chapter includes the background, the assumptions, interest

(problems, issues and concerns) of the paper, the significance of the study,

research impediments, and scope and limitations or research barriers

(substantial, ethical, methodological, and practical) that the candidate may

come across in the conduct of the study.). It must be clear and logical in

describing succinctly the trends in the field that render the chosen topic

problem atic . This chapter must end with the delineation of the research

barriers or limitations of the study, (if possible, substantial, ethical,

methodological, and practical) that the candidate may come across in the

conduct of the study. The last two paragraphs must be devoted to research

impediments (barriers) and limitations of the study.

The first paragraph of the paper begins with the first line of the

paragraph indented one-half inch (5-7 spaces). There are no additional lines

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 added between paragraphs—just the regular double space that should be

maintained throughout the paper and the References page.

The PAGE NUMBER of the first page of EACH CHAPTER must not

appear (and in this template, was blocked with an opaque square). The

succeeding pages MUST show proper page numbers.

TYPING AND PRINTING INSTRUCTIONS (Taken from Form and Style by

Campbell, Ballou, and Slade)

Margins
● Margins should measure at least one and one-half inches on the left and
one inch on the right and at the top and bottom.
● Because precision in the spacing of note is important, the right-hand
margins should be justified.

Indention
● Indent the first line of a paragraph five spaces.
● Indent all lines of set-off quotations, whether single or double-spaced, ten
spaces from the left margin.

Numbering of Pages
● All pages of the text of a thesis, dissertation or report should be
numbered, including the first page. Position numerals in the upper right-hand
corner, one inch from the top of the page, flush with the right margin.
● Use Arabic numerals running consecutively for the text and the reference
materials (References, Appendixes including curriculum vitae)

Table of Contents (suggested)

● Table of contents should be typed in upper case.
● Type ‘Chapter’ flush with the left margin and ‘Page’ flush with the right
margin.
● The wording, capitalization, and punctuation of titles and headings should
be exactly as they appear in the text.

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 ● Use a two-spaced hanging indention within headings and between
successive levels.

Acknowledgements
● Title should be centered between the margins and should have no
terminal punctuation
● Double-space to the first line of the text.

List of Tables
● Title should be centered between margins and should have no terminal
punctuation
● Double-space to the labels ‘Table and Page’ which should be placed flush
with the left and right margins, respectively.

Chapter Numbers and Titles

● Type the word CHAPTER in full caps, use an Arabic numeral (CHAPTER 5),
and position these centered between margins.
● Type the title in uppercase, double space below the chapter number.
Center the title between margins.
● Double space below the title to the first line of the text.

Chapter Heading
● Each chapter may contain sub-topics known as chapter headings. They
are classified as:

First-level headings- centered between margins, double- spaced above and below
centered headings, underscore with a solid line, title should not have a terminal
punctuation.

Second-level headings-align with the left margin, double-spaced above and below the
freestanding side headings, underscore with a solid line, no terminal punctuation.

Third-level headings – indent five spaces, double-spaced above and below, underscore
with a solid line and begin with the text on the same line.
Tables
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 ● Place each table on one page.
o Include textual material on the page with a table that occupies less than
half of the page.
● Quadruple-space from the text to a table and from a table to the text.
o Place the table between complete paragraphs, even if you have to leave
some extra space on the page.
o For large tables, continue it on one or more pages. At the top of each
new page, repeat the table number, followed by a comma and the word
continued; omit the table caption; and repeat all the column headings.

Table Captions
● Center the table number and caption between margins
● Double-space from the table number to the caption
● When the caption is longer than one line, make each succeeding line
shorter with the line above it and center if on the line above.

Figure
● Confine each figure to one page, if possible.
● Quadruple-space from the text to a figure and from the figure to the text.
● The pagination of a figure is in its usual position in the upper right hand
corner of the page.

Caption
● Place the figure number one quadruple space below and the figure
caption double-spaced below the figure number. Figures are numbered
consecutively all throughout the manuscript.

Writing Style for Research Papers

● Writing style should be formal because the audience is usually the academic
community.
● Colloquial language, contractions and abbreviations should be avoided.
● The report should be written in the third person- with third person pronouns as
subject of the sentence, not I or we. Using the first person pronoun ( I, we, us,
my, our, mine, ours) to call attention to the fact that a statement is your opinion

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 often weakens the assertion by implying uncertainty. The reader assumes that
the statements in your paper are your opinion, and represent your point of view.

Tense and Voice

● When you write the proposed methods of research, during the proposal stage,
use the future tense.
● When you report the results of the research or your findings, use the past tense.
● Use the present tense for generalizations or conclusions.
● Sentences should be in the active voice, which are forceful, and reinforce the
meaning that you want to convey.

NB:
The above guides for writing the research paper (with some modification) were taken
from: Form and Style by Campbell/Ballou/Slade (courtesy of Dr. Glenn Luansing, Prof
from UST Thesis Writing Class)

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