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National Republic of the Philippines

REGION III

SCHOOL DIVISION OFFICE OF GAPAN CITY

JUAN R. LIWAG MEMORIAL HIGH SCHOOL

The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Health Outcomes of HUMSS

Student in Juan R Liwag Memorial High School

Members:

ERICA TOLENTINO

MIA DANCHEL OLIVA

CLAIRE ALEXA REYES

YLAH ROXEN LAPUZ

JHON-JHON SALVADOR

MICHAELLA CASTRO

KYLA MONIQUE RAQUEL

Department Of Humanities and Social Sciences

HUMSS 12-BALAGTAS

School Year 2024-2025

Mrs.: Ferrzobel D. Bicaldo

September 5, 2024

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The economic factor has a significant impact on the academic performance of Juan R. Liwag Memorial

High school (JRLMHS SHS) students in Gapan City. Students from families with higher economic capital, such

as higher parent’s income and weekly allowance, tend to have higher college readiness. Additionally, the study

found that students with lower economic and cultural capital struggle to achieve more and be successful in life,

possibly due to fewer competencies obtained from basic education. The relationship between socioeconomic

status and academic achievement is complex and influenced by factors such as socioeconomic segregation,

school funding, teacher’s expectations, and academic climate. Efforts to ensure an equitable educational

experience for all students, particularly through effective schools, are crucial in addressing disparities in

academic achievement and educational attainment.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and health outcomes of

HUMSS students at Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School in the academic year 2024-2025. Specifically, the

study will examine how factors such as socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and living conditions

influence students’ overall health and well-being.

The following variables could be taken into account in this problem statement:

1. Poor access to healthcare

2. Academic performance is being affected

3. Affects mental and physical health

4. Bullied by other people because of family status

5. Daily life is influenced

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this research is to understand the relationship between socio-economic status and

health outcomes of HUMSS students in Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School. The researchers will be asking

the participants which are HUMSS students from Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School about their

socioeconomic background and their health outcomes.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This study is delimited only for the HUMSS students in Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School, the

main reason why the researchers has been conducted this study is to learn and have some knowledge about the

relationship between socioeconomic status and health outcomes of HUMSS Students in Juan R. Liwag

Memorial High School.

This study will aim to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and health outcomes

among HUMSS Students in Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School. Specifically, it will investigate:

- SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS: This study will be encompassing an individual’s or family’s

economic and social standing within society like income, education, occupation, and wealth

- Health outcomes: And this will involve evaluating physical health, mental health, and overall

well-being through validated questionnaires and assessments.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The present study was significant to the HUMSS students, parents of HUMSS students, teachers, school

administrators, and future researchers.

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 HUMSS students. HUMSS students can benefit from this study by gaining a better understanding

of how socioeconomic factors affect health. More over this knowledge can lead to improved

school resources and enhanced self-awareness.

 Parents Of HUMSS Students. Parents will become more aware of how their family’s

socioeconomic status impacts their children’s health. This can lead to better support and care at

home, helping to improve the overall well-being of their children

 Teachers. Teachers can gain insights into the factors affecting the health of their students. With

this, they can be more understanding and supportive of students facing health challenges related to

their socioeconomic background.

 School Administrations. School leaders can us the study’s data to secure partnerships with local

government for health programs targeting students from disadvantaged background.

 Future Researchers. Future researchers can build on this study by exploring how could help

improve the health outcomes of students from different socioeconomic levels.

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RESEARCH PROBLEMS AND HYPOTHESES

 How does a student’s socioeconomic status effect their health outcome.

 How can the researchers determine the cause of a student’s health outcomes from their socioeconomic
status.
 How can the researcher determine the difference of the health outcomes based on a student’s
socioeconomic status.

HYPOTHESES
 The researchers collect data on the participating students on their socioeconomic status and health
outcomes, therefore studying the effects.
 The researchers will study what could be the cause of a student’s health outcome (good or bad), finding
how it correlates to their socioeconomic status.
 The researchers ask questions to the participants about their health outcomes and what their
socioeconomic status is to determine if their health outcome is good or bad.
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The study entitled “The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Health
Outcomes of HUMSS Student in Juan R Liwag Memorial High School” aims to finding
out the effects and relationship between socioeconomic status and health outcomes of
HUMSS students.

In order to evaluate the relationship between the two variables, the study will use the
“socioeconomic status” of the student as the independent variable, and the “health
outcomes” of the student as a dependent variable.

The student’s
The student’s health
socioeconomic status.
income.
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RRL

Quon, E. C., & McGrath, J. J. (2014). Subjective socioeconomic status and adolescent health: a meta-analysis. Health
Psychology, 33(5), 433.

Quon & McGrath (2014) stated that the magnitude of the effect varied depending on the kind of health outcome; higher
effects were seen in mental health outcomes, subjective health, and general health symptoms; biomarkers of health and
substance-use-related health behaviors showed nonsignificant effects.

McMaughan, D. J., Oloruntoba, O., & Smith, M. L. (2020). Socioeconomic status and access to healthcare: interrelated
drivers for healthy aging. Frontiers in public health, 8, 231.

McMaughan et. al (2020) the majority of studies show that lower socioecenomic status correlates with more access
barriers, which is subsequently associated with worse health outcomes and premature death. People of color and other
minority or marginalized populations have relationships that are made worse by compounding inequality.

Kivimäki, M., Batty, G. D., Pentti, J., Shipley, M. J., Sipilä, P. N., Nyberg, S. T., ... & Vahtera, J. (2020). Association between
socioeconomic status and the development of mental and physical health conditions in adulthood: a multi-cohort study.
The Lancet Public Health, 5(3), e140-e149.

Kivimäki et. al (2020) examined that there are many people from low socioeconomic status neighborhoods have bad
heath incomes (mental and physical) confirming a link between socioeconomic status and health outcomes.

Wang, J., & Geng, L. (2019). Effects of socioeconomic status on physical and psychological health: lifestyle as a mediator.
International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(2), 281.

Wang & Geng (2019) showed that lifestyle had significant positive effects on both physical and psychological health;
lifestyle was shown to be a mediator in the relationship between socioeconomic status and health; and socioeconomic
status was found to be strongly associated with physical health but not with psychological health.

Arpey, N. C., Gaglioti, A. H., & Rosenbaum, M. E. (2017). How socioeconomic status affects patient perceptions of health
care: a qualitative study. Journal of primary care & community health, 8(3), 169-175.

Arpey et. al (2017) identified a range of patients’ perceptions regarding their SES and health care experiences. Though
they frequently refrained from expressing it out loud, the majority of participants believed that their SES had an impact
on the care they received from their doctors, their access to healthcare, and their connection with their provider.
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Foster, H. M., Celis-Morales, C. A., Nicholl, B. I., Petermann-Rocha, F., Pell, J. P., Gill, J. M., ... & Mair, F. S. (2018). The
effect of socioeconomic deprivation on the association between an extended measurement of unhealthy lifestyle factors
and health outcomes: a prospective analysis of the UK Biobank cohort. The Lancet Public Health, 3(12), e576-e585.

Foster et.al (2018) studied that there is a strong correlation between the extended score of unhealthy lifestyle factors—
which includes the traditional lifestyle factors of smoking, alcohol, physical activity, and diet—and the mortality and
incidence of cardiovascular disease as well as all-cause mortality. This extended score takes into account the emerging
risk factors of sleep duration and television viewing time.

Atal, S., & Cheng, C. (2016). Socioeconomic health disparities revisited: coping flexibility enhances health-related quality
of life for individuals low in socioeconomic status. Health and quality of life outcomes, 14, 1-7.

Atal & Cheng (2016) explained that it is significant because it demonstrates how a person's socioeconomic circumstances
may have an impact on their unique variations in coping flexibility.

Allen, L., Williams, J., Townsend, N., Mikkelsen, B., Roberts, N., Foster, C., & Wickramasinghe, K. (2017). Socioeconomic
status and non-communicable disease behavioral risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a
systematic review. The Lancet Global Health, 5(3), e277-e289.

Allen et.al (2017) demonstrated a strong income gradient for tobacco smoking, but
many of the studies that they included in their systematic review were not included
because of their income-based focus.
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METHODOLOGY

This chapter explore the methodology of the Relationship between socioeconomic status and health

outcomes of HUMSS students in Juan R Liwag Memorial High School. It begins with a Summary of the

research methodology, which forms the basis for the design and conduct of the study. Following the

presentation of the sample strategy, which includes the target location, population, sample size, and its efficacy

in capturing the representativeness of the study population are justified. The chapter finishes by going into

further detail on the data collection techniques utilized, including a through explanation of the tools utilized and

the steps taken t

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study will look at how socioeconomic status (SES) is related to health in HUMSS students. We will

use a survey to collect information on SES factors, like family income, parent’s education, and job type, as well

as health information, including how often students feel sick, their stress levels, and their general well-being.

About 50 students from different SES backgrounds will be chosen randomly to fill out the survey. We will use

simple statistics to describe the results and look for patterns between SES and health. We’ll make sure students

agree to participate and keep their answers confidential. This study hopes to show if there is a link between SES

and health among HUMMS students, which could help schools create health programs for students in need.

RESEARCH LOCALE

Research Locale The study was conducted at Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School, Bayanihan City, Nueva

Ecija, where the chosen respondents are the selected HUMSS students of the said locale area.
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POPULATION AND SAMPLING

This population of research includes all the HUMSS students presently enrolled in Juan R. Liwag Memorial

High School Senior High School. These comprise students diversified socio-economic backgrounds that are

suitable for investigating how diversified economic circumstances may affect one’s perception and outcomes of

health in this group.

A purposeful sampling strategy will be applied in which a few students of HUMSS will be chosen with a

representation from diverse economic backgrounds. It allows having a more profound and qualitative study on

the diversity in experiences, perceptions, and viewpoints about health outcomes. This study includes

participants with the aim of accumulating rich, varied insights with respect to the intersection between

socioeconomic status and health, so it tries to outline some patterns and themes not readily apparent in

quantitative measurement.

The Criteria:

Enrollment Status: A participant must be an existing HUMSS student in Juan R. Liwag Memorial High School.

This ensures that all respondents have a common academic and social environment, which can impact their

health and socio-economic experiences.

Socioeconomic Background: Participants will be chosen to represent a variety of different socioeconomic

levels, including low, middle, and high. Students will be organized into strata (examples: lower, middle, higher

socioeconomic levels) using these factors to ensure a diversity of points of view.

Health-Related Experiences: Students willing to talk about personal experiences with respect to health, physical

wellbeing, mental health, availability of healthcare services, and lifestyle factors would be favored. This will

help participants who can provide insights on relevant themes in the context of the study's focus on health

outcomes, allowing for further in-depth qualitative investigation.

Parental Consent: In case the participants are students, then consent to participate from the parents should be

used for all the minors. This ensures compliance with set ethical standards and support for the participants.
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Willingness to Participate in Discussions: Participants should be willing to express themselves and discuss the

individual interviews or focus groups as they share their experiences that relate to health and socio-economic

factors. The selection of participants is determined based on this criterion because only then can they contribute

to the study meaningfully by sharing insights about their perspectives and experiences in detail.
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