RESTRICTED

BOOK REVIEW: THE INDIA WAY BY DR S. JAISHANKAR

This is a time for us to engage America, manage China, cultivate Europe, reassure Russia,
bring Japan into play, draw neighbours in, extend the neighbourhood and expand
traditional constituencies of support
- S. Jaishankar
Intro about the Book
1. The India Way by Dr. S. Jaishankar is a seminal work that
delves into India’s evolving role in the international arena. Published in
2020, the book is a reflection of Jaishankar’s vast diplomatic
experience, serving as India’s Foreign Secretary and, later, its
External Affairs Minister. The book provides insights into the strat
thinking that informs India's foreign policy, especially in the context of
a rapidly changing global order. Jaishankar presents a pragmatic apch
to foreign policy, emphasising the need for India to assert itself as a
key global player by balancing its traditional principles of non-
alignment with the realities of modern geopolitics. As the world moves
away from the unipolar dominance of the US toward a multipolar
global landscape, The India Way argues that India must navigate this
shift with agility, leveraging its strengths while addressing its
vulnerabilities.
2. The book is not just a treatise on foreign policy; it is a roadmap for how India can posn itself
in an increasingly complex world where old alliances are shifting, and new challenges are
emerging. Jaishankar touches on key themes such as India’s relations with major powers like the
US, China, and Russia, its role in global governance, and the imp of strat autonomy. He also
discusses the significance of tech, economics, and cultural diplomacy in shaping India’s global
influence. What makes The India Way particularly relevant is its timing. Written in the aftermath of
significant global disruptions such as the rise of China, shifts in US foreign policy under Donald
Trump, and the COVID-19 pandemic, the book offers both an analysis of the present and a vision
for the future. Jaishankar’s deep understanding of international affairs, combined with his first-
hand experience in navigating India’s foreign policy challenges, makes the book a critical
contribution to the discourse on India’s global strat.
3. In sum, The India Way presents a fwd looking and adaptive framework for Indian diplomacy,
urging the country to take bold steps in securing its national interests while maintaining its long
standing commitment to multilateralism and global coop. It is essential reading for policymakers,
scholars, and anyone interested in understanding India’s role in the uncertain world of the
21st century.

RESTRICTED
 RESTRICTED

2
Intro about the Author
4. Dr. S. Jaishankar is an experienced Indian diplomat and politician,
currently serving as India’s External Affairs Minister. With a career spanning
over four decades, Jaishankar has held key posns in India's diplomatic msns,
incl as Ambassador to the US, China, and the Czech Republic. He played a
pivotal role in shaping India's foreign policy, especially in its strat relations with
maj powers like the US and China. Jaishankar also served as India’s Foreign
Secretary from 2015 to 2018, and his expertise in international relations makes him a significant
voice in global diplomacy and geopolitics.

Chapter Wise Analysis of the Book. The India Way looks at how India can grow as a powerful
nation in a world where power is not controlled by just one or two countries anymore. The book is
divided into eight chapters, each focusing on different challenges and strat for India’s foreign
policy.
5. Chapter 1 - The Changing World Order.
(a) In the first chapter the author sets the stage by discussing the maj shifts in the global
power structure. He argues that the world is moving from a unipolar sys, dominated by the
US after the Cold War, to a more complex, multipolar world. This shift is marked by the rise
of new powers, incl China and India, and a relative decline in the influence of traditional
Western powers.
(b) Jaishankar emphasises that India must navigate this changing global order with
strategic autonomy, ensuring that it does not become overly reliant on any single power. He
believes that India's foreign policy should focus on preserving its sovereignty and flexibility,
allowing the country to act independently while forming strat partnerships with a variety of
countries. He highlights the imp of balancing relations with maj global players like the US,
China, and Russia, noting that India must be cautious of emerging challenges and
opportunities.
(c) The chapter reflects Jaishankar’s belief that India's foreign policy must adapt to the
uncertainties of the modern world by emphasizing pragmatism and a willingness to take
calculated risks. He stresses that India must actively engage in shaping the emerging
global order, rather than merely reacting to it, positioning itself as a maj global power in the
21st century.

6. Chapter 2 - Strategic Autonomy.

(a) Author explores India's foreign policy doctrine of maintaining indep in its global
engagements, a principle rooted in the country’s non-alignment stance during the Cold War.
Jaishankar argues that in the current multipolar world, strat autonomy remains crucial but
must be recalibrated to suit modern geopolitical realities.
RESTRICTED
 RESTRICTED

3
(b) He acknowledges that while India cannot afford to isolate itself, it should also avoid
becoming overly dependent on any single global power. The chapter delves into the need
for India to make strategic choices, aligning with different nations based on its national
interests rather than ideological alignments. Jaishankar emphasises that India's foreign
policy must be adaptive, pragmatic, and multi-directional, engaging with the US, Russia,
China, and Europe while strengthening regional partnerships like those in Southeast Asia
and the Indian Ocean region.
(c) Jaishankar stresses that India's focus on start autonomy helps it navigate the
complexities of maj power competition, particularly between the US and China. He also
reflects on India's growing role in global institutions and its efforts to shape global
governance in a way that reflects the aspirations of emerging powers.
(d) This chapter presents strat autonomy not as a fixed position but as a flexible
approach that allows India to safeguard its sovereignty, leverage opportunities, and manage
risks in an increasingly volatile global envt.

7. Chapter 3 - Rebalancing Relations with Major Powers.

(a) The author focuses on India's approach to managing its relationships with global
powers like the US, China, and Russia, in the context of a shifting global balance. S.
Jaishankar argues that India’s foreign policy must prioritise pragmatism and flexibility in
navigating these complex relationships, ensuring that it maximises its strat gains while
maintaining autonomy.
(b) The chapter highlights India’s evolving partnership with the US, particularly in def
and tech, describing it as a mutually beneficial relationship that has significantly deepened
in recent years. However, Jaishankar pts out that India must also continue engaging with
Russia, a traditional ally, despite Western pressures, given Russia’s geopolitical
significance and def ties with India.
(c) The relationship with China takes center stage, as Jaishankar notes the dual nature
of India-China ties - marked by both competition and cooperation. While India must
compete with China in areas like regional influence and tech, it must also engage with
Beijing on issues of global imp such as trade and climate change. He emphasises the imp
of managing bdr disputes and minimising tensions, particularly in light of their complex
historical and territorial issues.
(d) Jaishankar concludes that India’s diplomatic success hinges on its ability to bal these
relationships effectively without being forced to choose sides, positioning itself as an
independent actor in a multipolar world. By doing so, India can enhance its strat standing
while safeguarding its national interests.

RESTRICTED
 RESTRICTED

4
8. Chapter 4 - India and China : Competition and Cooperation.
(a) The author delves into the complex and multifaceted relationship betn India and
China, two of the world’s largest and fastest growing nations. He acknowledges the
significant impact this bilateral relationship has not only on Asia but also on global
geopolitics.
(b) Jaishankar explains that the India-China relationship is characterised by both intense
competition and necessary cooperation. On one hand, the two countries are natural
competitors, particularly in the realm of regional influence, economic devp, and mil power.
Bdr disputes, especially in regions like Ladakh, have been longstanding irritants, and
Jaishankar notes that addressing these tensions is crucial for maintaining peace and
stability.
(c) On the other hand, Jaishankar emphasises the need for collaboration betn India and
China in areas of shared global interest, such as climate change, trade, and international
institutions like the United Nations. Both countries play pivotal roles in shaping global
governance, and Jaishankar sees cooperation on such fronts as an opportunity to elevate
India’s influence on the global stage while managing competition in a more constructive
manner.
(d) He suggests that India’s approach to China should be a mix of pragmatism and
realism - asserting India’s sovereignty and interests while avoiding unnecessary
confrontation. Jaishankar stresses that India’s strat challenge is to manage this complex
relationship in a way that neither compromises its security nor misses out on potential areas
for economic and diplomatic collaboration.
(e) The chapter provides a nuanced view of how India can effectively engage with
China, recognising that both competition and cooperation are inevitable, and that strat
diplomacy is key to managing this delicate balance.

9. Chapter 5 - India’s Neighbourhood First Policy.

(a) The author focuses on India's diplomatic relations with its neighbouring countries and
the strat imp of South Asia in shaping India’s foreign policy. S. Jaishankar emphasises that
maintaining stability and fostering cooperation within its immediate neighbourhood is crucial
for India’s regional and global ambitions.
(b) Jaishankar outlines India’s “Neighbourhood First” policy, which prioritises
engagement with countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the
Maldives. He argues that a peaceful and stable South Asia is essential for India’s security,
economic growth, and global influence. India must work towards greater regional integ,
enhance economic connectivity, and resolve bilateral issues to build trust with its
neighbours.

RESTRICTED
 RESTRICTED

(c) However, Jaishankar also acknowledges the challenges posed by strained relations
with some of these countries, particularly Pakistan. He discusses the long-standing conflict
betn India and Pakistan, rooted in issues like terrorism and the Kashmir dispute, and the

5
complexities of managing this volatile relationship. Jaishankar stresses that while dialogue
is necessary, India must adopt a firm stance against cross bdr terrorism and maintain a
security first apch.
(d) On the other hand, India has cultivated stronger ties with countries like Bangladesh
and Sri Lanka through trade, investment, and infrastructure devp. Jaishankar highlights
India’s role as a regional leader, using economic diplomacy, development aid, and security
cooperation to strengthen its influence in the region.
(e) The chapter underscores the imp of strat patience, diplomacy, and a nuanced
approach to dealing with neighbours. Jaishankar believes that India’s future as a global
power is inextricably linked to how well it manages its regional relationships, asserting that
India must continue to lead by example and extend goodwill, while safeguarding its strat
interests.
10. Chapter 6 - India’s Role in Global Governance.
(a) The author discusses India’s efforts to shape and influence international institutions
and global governance frameworks. He argues that as a rising global power, India must not
only engage with but also reform global institutions to reflect contemporary realities,
especially those shaped during the post-World War II era.
(b) Jaishankar asserts that org like the United Nations, the World Trade Organization
(WTO), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) need to be more inclusive and
representative of emerging powers like India. He highlights India's bid for a permanent seat
on the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), stressing that India’s growing economic
and political clout justifies its inclusion as a key decision maker in global affairs. According
to Jaishankar, India’s consistent contributions to peacekeeping, climate change initiatives,
and global economic governance further strengthen its case for greater representation.
(c) The chapter also delves into India’s role in newer multilateral platforms, such as
BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and the G20. Jaishankar
emphasizes that India can leverage these platforms to address global challenges like
economic inequality, sustainable development, and climate change, while also promoting its
own strat interests.
(d) Jaishankar discusses how India’s approach to global governance is rooted in
promoting a rules-based international order. He argues that India must continue to advocate
for a multipolar world where power is not concentrated in a few countries but distributed
among a diverse group of nations.
(e) The chapter underscores Jaishankar’s belief that while India must actively engage
with global institutions, it should also champion reforms that better reflect the current
RESTRICTED
 RESTRICTED

geopolitical landscape. India's future role, he suggests, lies in helping to shape a more
equitable global order where emerging powers have a stronger voice in international
decision-making processes.

6
11. Chapter 7: Technology and Diplomacy.
(a) The author examines the increasing imp of tech in global diplomacy and international
relations. He argues that tech has become a crucial aspect of modern statecraft, influencing
not only economic growth and development but also the strat bal of power betn nations.
(b) Jaishankar highlights India’s rise as a technology and IT powerhouse, noting that the
country’s technological advancements, particularly in areas like digital infra, info tech, and
space exploration, are key assets in its foreign policy toolkit. He suggests that India's digital
diplomacy, including initiatives like Digital India and the Aadhaar biometric program,
showcase India's leadership in leveraging tech for governance, which can serve as a model
for other developing countries.
(c) The chapter explores the geopolitical implications of emerging technologies such as
artificial intelligence (AI), cyber capb, and space technologies. Jaishankar pts out that these
advancements are reshaping the global power structure, with countries like the United
States and China racing to dominate the tech space. For India, he argues, it is essential to
build its own technological capb and partner with other countries to stay competitive in
these fields.
(d) Jaishankar also stresses the need for India to safeguard its digital sovereignty and
protect itself against cyber threats, both from state and non-state actors. He calls for a
robust framework for cybersecurity as a critical element of national security. Furthermore,
the chapter touches on India’s engagement in global technological governance, including
efforts to shape international norms around the use of tech, data privacy, and digital ethics.
Jaishankar advocates for India’s active participation in setting global standards for
emerging technologies, ensuring that the rules governing the digital world reflect the
interests of all nations, especially developing countries.
(e) In conclusion, Jaishankar underscores that tech is not just a tool for economic
development but also a strat asset that will determine India’s global standing. To remain
competitive and secure in the 21st century, India must prioritise technological innovation and
integrate it deeply into its foreign policy strategy.

12. Chapter 8: India's Cultural Diplomacy.

(a) The author explores the significant role that culture, heritage, and civilizational
identity play in shaping India’s foreign policy. S. Jaishankar argues that India’s rich cultural
RESTRICTED
 RESTRICTED

heritage and civilizational depth are key assets that can be leveraged to enhance its global
influence and soft power.
(b) Jaishankar explains that India’s foreign policy has traditionally emphasized moral
and ethical values, which stem from its cultural and historical traditions. Concepts such as
"Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" (the world is one family) and non-violence have historically
influenced India’s approach to diplomacy, positioning the country as a proponent of peace,
dialogue, and multilateralism.

7
(c) The chapter also emphasizes the imp of soft power in modern international relations.
Jaishankar notes that India’s cultural exports - such as Bollywood, yoga, Indian cuisine, and
spirituality - have significantly shaped the world’s perception of India, helping it build strong
people-to-people connections across the globe. He argues that cultural diplomacy can be
as impactful as mil and economic diplomacy, particularly in fostering goodwill and
strengthening bilateral relationships.
(d) Jaishankar advocates for a greater projection of India’s cultural identity on the global
stage, not only to enhance its image but also to assert its position as a civilisational power.
He discusses how India has used platforms like the International Day of Yoga, launched by
the United Nations in 2015, as a means of showcasing its cultural heritage and building its
soft power.
(e) Furthermore, the chapter touches on the idea of cultural resilience and the
importance of preserving India's diversity in its foreign policy approach. Jaishankar believes
that India’s pluralistic society - comprising multiple religions, languages, and ethnicities -
makes it a unique actor in global affairs, capable of engaging with a wide array of countries
and cultures.
(f) In conclusion, Jaishankar emphasises that culture and identity are integral to India's
foreign policy strategy. By promoting its civilizational strengths and leveraging its soft
power, India can enhance its global standing, build stronger international partnerships, and
project itself as a responsible and ethical leader in a complex world.

13. Mil Implications.

(a) Strategic Autonomy. Jaishankar emphasises the imp of maintaining strat
autonomy, which directly impacts military preparedness and procurement strategies. The
Indian military must develop capabilities that align with national interests rather than being
overly reliant on any single country for defence equipment or technology.
(b) Geopolitical Context. The evolving geopolitical landscape necessitates a
reassessment of military strategies. The Indian military must be prepared to address
challenges posed by neighbouring countries, particularly China and Pakistan, while also
considering broader regional security dynamics.

RESTRICTED
 RESTRICTED

(c) Regional Security. The book underscores India's commitment to regional stability
and security. The Indian military is expected to play a proactive role in peacekeeping,
humanitarian assistance, and disaster relief operations in South Asia, reinforcing India's
position as a responsible regional power.
(d) Technology Integration. Jaishankar points to the growing significance of
technology in warfare and def. The Indian mil needs to integrate advanced technologies,
such as artificial intelligence (AI), cyber capabilities, and space assets, to enhance
operational effectiveness and address modern threats.

8
(e) Multilateral Cooperation. Jaishankar advocates for India's participation in
multilateral def forums and partnerships. The mil must engage in joint exercises, trg pgme,
and def collaborations with other nations, particularly those in the Indo-Pacific region, to
strengthen defence ties and collective security arrangements.
(f) Focus on Indigenous Capabilities. The book emphasises the imp of self
reliance in def manufacturing. The Indian military should prioritize indigenisation and sp
initiatives aimed at developing domestic def capabilities, thereby reducing dependence on
foreign suppliers and enhancing national security.
(g) Strat Partnerships. Jaishankar discusses the need for India to cultivate
strategic partnerships with major powers, which have implications for mil alliances and def
procurement. These partnerships can enhance India's def capabilities through tech transfer,
joint ex, and int sharing.
(f) Def Diplomacy. The Indian mil can serve as an instrument of def diplomacy,
using mil engagements to build trust and strengthen bilateral relations with other countries.
This includes participating in joint ex, trg, and def dialogues to enhance regional
cooperation.

14. Conclusion. The India Way by S. Jaishankar offers a comprehensive insight into India's
evolving foreign policy in the context of a rapidly changing global landscape. Jaishankar articulates
the need for India to embrace strategic autonomy while navigating its relationships with major
powers like the US, China, and Russia. He emphasises the imp of cultural diplomacy, tech, and
regional cooperation, advocating for a foreign policy that reflects India's civilizational ethos and
aspirations as a global power. The book underscores the critical role of the mil in supporting India's
strategic obj and maintaining regional stability. By promoting indigenisation and leveraging its soft
power, India can enhance its global standing and influence. Ultimately, The India Way serves as
both a roadmap for India's foreign policy and a call to action for policymakers to assert India's
place in the world, reflecting its unique identity, values, and strategic interests in the 21 st century.

RESTRICTED