ET 2022 Scheme III Year B.E. Programs - Compressed
ET 2022 Scheme III Year B.E. Programs - Compressed
Programs
2024
B.E. Programs : AS, BT, CH, CS, CS - AI, CS - CD, CS - CY, CV, EC, EE, EI, ET, IM, IS, ME.
M. Tech (13) MCA, M.Sc. (Engg.)
Ph.D. Programs : All Departments are recognized as Research Centres by VTU Except
AI & AS
Undergraduate
Programs
2024
B.E. Programs : AS, BT, CH, CS, CS - AI, CS - CD, CS - CY, CV, EC, EE, EI, ET, IM, IS, ME.
M. Tech (13) MCA, M.Sc. (Engg.)
Ph.D. Programs : All Departments are recognized as Research Centres by VTU Except
AI & AS
Department Vision
Imparting quality education in Electronics and Telecommunication
Engineering through focus on fundamentals, research and
innovation for sustainable development
Department Mission
Provide comprehensive education that prepares students to
contribute effectively to the profession and society in the field of
Telecommunication.
Create state-of-the–art infrastructure to integrate a culture of
research with a focus on Telecommunication Engineering
Education
Encourage students to be innovators to meet local and global
needs with ethical practice
Create an environment for faculty to carry out research and
contribute in their field of specialization, leading to Centre of
Excellence with focus on affordable innovation.
Establish a strong and wide base linkage with industries, R&D
organization and academic Institutions.
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
PEO Description
PEO1 Acquire appropriate knowledge of the fundamentals of
basic sciences, mathematics, engineering sciences,
Electronics & Telecommunication engineering so as to
adapt to rapidly changing technology
PEO2 Think critically to analyze, evaluate, design and solve
complex technical and managerial problems through
research and innovation.
PEO3 Function and communicate effectively demonstrating team
spirit, ethics, respectful and professional behavior.
PEO4 To face challenges through lifelong learning for global
acceptance.
PSO Description
PSO1 Analyze, design and implement emerging
Telecommunications systems using devices, sub-systems,
PSO2 Exhibit Technical
propagation skills
models, necessary
networking ofto choose and
Wireless careers
Wireinline
the
design, installation,
communication testing, management and operation of
systems.
Telecommunication systems.
Max Marks
VI SEMESTER Max Marks CIE SEE
SEE
Duration
Slo. (H)
BoS Course Code Course Title L T P Credits Category Theory Lab Theory Lab
No.
Principles of Management
1 HS HS261TA 3 0 0 3 Theory 100 ---- 3 100 ----
and Economics
Antenna Theory and Design Theory +
2 ET ET362IA 3 0 1 4 100 50 3 100 50
(Theory & Practice) Practice
Data Communications and
Theory +
3 ET ET363IA Networking 3 0 1 4 100 50 3 100 50
Practice
(Theory & Practice)
Optical Fibre
4 ET ET364TA 3 1 0 4 Theory 100 ---- 3 100 ----
Communication
Professional Core Elective
5 ET ET365TDX 3 0 0 3 Theory 100 ---- 3 100 ----
(Group- D)
Institutional Electives – I
6 XX XX366TEX 3 0 0 3 Theory 100 ---- 3 100 ----
(Group E)
7 ET ET367P Interdisciplinary Project 0 0 3 3 Project ---- 100 3 ---- 100
Total 24
Professional Core Elective-III (Group-D)
BT BT266TEB Bioinformatics 3
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Elucidate the principles of management theory & recognize the characteristics of an
organization.
CO2 Demonstrate the importance of key performance areas in strategic management and design
appropriate organizational structures and possess an ability to conceive various
organizational dynamics.
CO3 Compare and contrast early and contemporary theories of motivation and select and
implement the right leadership practices in organizations that would enable systems
orientation.
CO4 Demonstrate an understanding on the usage and application of basic economic principles.
CO5 Appreciate the various measures of macro-economic performance and interpret the prevailing
economic health of the nation.
Reference Books:
1. Digital communication, Simon Haykin, 1988, Reprint 2009, John Wiley, ISBN: 9788126508242.
Communication Systems, Simon Haykin, 5 th Edition, 2006, John Wiley and Sons, ISBN:
2.
9788126509041
3. Digital Communication, P. Ramakrishna Rao, Tata McGraw Hill, ISBN: 978-0-07-070776-4.
4. Digital and Analog Communications, Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley, 2003.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Explain the various signal processing operations and features of filters and processors.
CO2 Apply efficient methods/algorithms for the computation of frequency domain
representation and vice-versa.
CO3 Analyze various signal processing applications and multi-rate operations.
CO4 Design, and implement analog and digital filters for required specifications.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Review and understand the Transmission Lines, S-parameters, Smith chart applications,
Active RF semiconductor components.
CO2 Design and analyse the matching networks for the RF circuits using smith chart and EDA
tool
CO3 Design RF Passive and Active circuits for given specifications
CO4 Evaluate the Performance of RF circuits through EDA tools.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Explain the fundamentals of python programming and statistics in developing machine
learning techniques.
CO2 Analyse the different techniques of data pre-processing in ML techniques.
CO3 Evaluate different machine learning models to solve real world problems
CO4 Implement different supervised and unsupervised algorithms to machine learning models..
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Acquire the knowledge of classic data structures - array lists, linked lists, stacks, queues,
heaps, binary trees, hash tables.
CO2 Design and analyze the applications using data structures.
CO3 Exhibit the competence through the choice of appropriate data structures.
CO4 Evaluate the performance of various algorithms using different data structures.
Reference Books:
Data Structures, Algorithms, and Applications in C++, Sartaj Sahni, 2000,McGraw Hill,
1.
ISBN:0-929306-33-3
Big C++, Cay S. Horstmann, Timothy Budd, Wiley India (P.) Ltd, 1st Edition, 2009,
2.
ISBN:9788126509201
The Complete Reference C++, Herbert Schildt, McGrawHill, 4th Edition, 2011,
3.
ISBN:9780070532465
Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++ (3rd edition), by M. A. Weiss. Addison-
4.
Wesley, ISBN-10: 032144146X & ISBN-13: 9780321441461.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Explain the concepts of control systems and applications.
CO2 Perform the analysis and design of the system using block diagram reduction
techniques and signal flow graph method.
CO3 Analyze the stability of a system in the time domain and frequency domain.
CO4 Analyze the system using state variable approach.
Reference Books:
"Control Systems Engineering”, J. Nagarath and M. Gopal, New Age International(P)
1. Limited, Publishers, Fifth edition- 2005, ISBN:81- 224-2008-7.
Modern Control Engineering", K.Ogata, Pearson Education Asia/PHI, 4thEdition, 2002.
2.
ISBN978-81 -203-4010- 7.
“Control systems- Theory and Applications”, Smarajit Gosh, Pearson Eduction, SBN-10
3.
1831708284, 2008.
"Feedback and Control System," Joseph J Distefano III et.al., Schaum's Outlines, TMH,
4.
2ndEdition 2007.13.09.2023@#12102023
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Apply the fundamentals of semiconductor physics in MOS transistors and analyze the
geometrical effects of MOS transistors and discuss various sources of power consumption.
CO2 Analyze the working of CMOS inverter, and variants of CMOS logic circuits, and draw
stick diagrams for CMOS circuits.
CO3 Evaluate various low power approaches to minimize power consumption and analyze the
CMOS circuits.
CO4 Design and realize combinational, sequential digital circuits and memory cells in CMOS
logic.
Reference Books:
CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design, Sung-Mo Kang and Yusuf
1.
Leblebici, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0070530777, 2003.
Basic VLSI Design, Douglas A. Pucknell and Kamran Eshraghian, 3rd Edition, 2003, PHI,
2.
ISBN: 8120309863.
Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, Jan M. Rabaey. Anantha Chandrakasan,
3.
and Borivoje Nikolic, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education India, ISBN: 9385152343.
Deep-Submicron CMOS ICs, Harry Veendrick, 2nd Edition, 2000, Kluwer academic
4.
publishers, ISBN: 9044001116.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Explain fundamental principles of digital image processing and its applications.
CO2 Apply image processing techniques in both spatial and frequency domains.
CO3 Analyze and apply different operations on an image for various applications.
CO4 Apply and justify the use of image processing in modern multimedia communication, society
Reference Books:
Digital Image Processing, Rafael C. Gonzalez and Richard E. Woods, Pearson Education, 4th Edition,
1. 2018, ISBN-13: 978-1-292-22304-9.
Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision, Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac, Prague Roger Boyle,
2.
Cengage Learning, Fourth Edition, 2015, ISBN-13: 978-1-133-59360-7
Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, Anil K. Jain, Pearson Education / PHI, 2001,
3.
ISBN: 9780133361650.
4. Digital Image Processing, William K. Pratt, 3rd Edition John Wilely, 2004.
Reference Books
From Geometry to Algebra, an introduction to linear Algebra, Inder K Rana, Ane Books
1 2007.
Reference Books
1 Electromagnetic waves, D. H. Staelin et al, 1993.
2 Electromagnetic wave propagation, radiation and scattering, A. Ishimaru, 2017
3 Fields and waves in modern communication electronics, S. Ramo et. al., Wiley 1993
4 Digital communications with emphasis on data modems, R. W. Middlestead, 2017.
Reference Books
Distributed and Cloud Computing From Parallel Processing to the Internet of Things- Kai
1 Hwang, Jack Dongarra, Geoffrey Fox.
Cloud Computing: Principles and Paradigms, Editors: Rajkumar Buyya, James Broberg,
2 Andrzej M. Goscinski, Wile, 2011
Distributed Computing: Principles, Algorithms, and Systems- Ajay D. Kshemkalyani and
3 Mukesh Singhal
Distributed Computing: Fundamentals, Simulations and Advanced Topics-Hagit Attiya
4 and Jennifer Welch
Reference Books
1 James L. Massey, Lecture notes on ``Applied Digital Information Theory I''.
David J. C. MacKay, ``Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms'',
2 Cambridge University Press.
Thomas M. Cover, Joy A. Thomas, ``Elements of Information Theory'', 2nd Edition, John
3 Wiley & Sons, 2006.
Robert G. Gallager, ``Information Theory and Reliable Communications'', John Wiley &
4 Sons, 1968.
Week 1: Graphical representation of DSP algorithms, signal flow graph (SFG), data flow
graph (DFG) and dependence graph (DG), high level transformation, critical path.
Week 2 :Retiming of DFG, critical path minimization by retiming, loop retiming and
iteration bound
Week 3 :Cutset retiming, design of pipelined DSP architectures, examples
Week 4 :Parallel realization of DSP algorithms, idea of unfolding, unfolding theorem, loop
unfolding
Week 5: Polyphase decomposition of transfer functions, hardware efficient parallel
realization of FIR filters, 2-parallel and 3-parallel filter architectures.
Week 6 :Hardware minimization by folding, folding formula, examples from biquad digital
filters,
Week 7 :Delay optimization by folding, lifetime analysis, forward-backward data
allocation, examples from digital filters
Week 8 :Pipelining digital filters, look ahead techniques, clustered and scattered look
ahead, combining parallel processing with pipelining in digital filters
Reference Books
."VLSI Digital Signal Processing Syustems”, Keshab K. Parhi, Wiley Eastern
1
“Digital Signal Processing for Multimedia Systems”, Keshab K. Parhi and Takao
2 Nishitani, Marcel Dekker.
“Pipelined Lattice and Wave Digital Recursive Filters”, J. G. Chung and Keshab K.
3 Parhi, Kluwer.
Reference Books:
Donald F. Kuratko ,"Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, and Practice", South-Western Pub
1.
publishers, 10th edition, 2016,978-ISBN-13: 1305576247
Eric Ries, “The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to
2. Create Radically Successful Businesses”, Crown Currency Publishers,1st Edition, 2011,
ISBN-13: 978-0307887894.
Dr B L Wadehra, Law Relating to Intellectual Property, universa Law publishers 05th
3.
edition, ISBN : 9789350350300 .
Intellectual Property Rights: Unleashing Knowledge Economy, Prabuddha Ganguly, 1st
4. Edition, 2001, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, ISBN:
0074638602.
The students are expected to simulate the following Antennas using RF CAD tools
Reference Books:
Antennas, John D. Kraus & Ronald J. Marhefka, 4th Edition, 2011, Mc Graw Hill, ISBN
1.
-0-07-060185-2
Antenna Theory, Constantine A Balanis, 2nd Edition, 2005, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN
2.
– 9971-51-233-5.
Anil Pandey, Practical Microstrip and Printed Antenna Design, ARTECH
3.
House,2019,ISBN-13: 978-1-63081-668-1
Introduction to Smart Antennas. Balanis, C.A., Ioannides, P.I.: 2(1), 1– 175,2007,
4.
9781598291766
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Acquire the knowledge of network architecture and topologies to build effective
solutions.
CO2 Design and Implement protocols and algorithms for TCP/IP model.
CO3 Apply the algorithms/techniques of routing and congestion control to solve problems
related to Computer Networks.
CO4 Exhibit network configuration, protocol usage and performance evaluation in networks.
Reference Books:
Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A Forouzan, 5th Edition, 2013, Tata
1.
McGraw-Hill, ISBN – 9781259064753.
Computer Networks, Andrew S Tanenbaum, 5th Edition, 2014, Pearson Education; ISBN
2.
– 978-81-7758-165-2.
Computer Networking, A Top-Down Approach, James Kurose and Keith Ross, 6th
3.
Edition, 2013, ISBN-13: 978-0-13-285620-1.
Data and Computer Communications, William Stallings, 8th Edition, 2009, Pearson
4.
Education, ISBN-13: 978-0131392052.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Understand the light propagation concepts, characterization of optical fibers, optical
sources, detectors.
CO2 Describe the working principle of Optical Sources, Detectors, various Optical Amplifiers
and appreciate the significance of power launching and coupling techniques.
CO3 Apply the methodology for designing digital optical links.
CO4 Analyze the basic concepts of WDM, SONET/SDH, GPON.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Describe the concepts of Operating Systems including functions, goals and classes of
operating system.
CO2 Analyze the key concepts of Process, Threads and CPU Scheduling.
CO3 Evaluate the performance of various algorithms in Operating systems with respect to
Process scheduling, Synchronization, Deadlocks and File management.
CO4 Apply the concepts of Process, Synchronization, Memory and filesystems in to
understand any existing operating system.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Explain design methodology, timing issues, and the need for testing and clock distribution.
CO2 Apply logic verification, silicon debugging, and manufacturing principles to test the ICs
and use datapath elements in subsystem design.
CO3 Analyze the effects of scaling on MOSFET operation and the timing issues in digital
circuits.
CO4 Design various data path elements, and clock subsystems and apply DFT approaches.
Reference Books:
CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuits and Systems Perspective, Neil H.E. Weste, David Harris, and Ayan
1. Banerjee, 3rd Edition, 2006, Pearson Education, ISBN: 108177585681.
Digital Integrated Circuits: A Design Perspective, Jan M. Rabaey. Anantha Chandrakasan, and
2.
Borivoje Nikolic, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education India, ISBN: 9385152343.
CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design, Sung-Mo Kang and Yusuf Leblebici, 3rd
3.
Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, ISBN: 0070530777, 2003.
Deep-Submicron CMOS ICs, Harry Veendrick, 2nd Edition, 2000, Kluwer academic publishers,
ISBN: 9044001116.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Describe the type of sensor networks, protocols and applications of WSN.
CO2 Analyze the design issues of Transport,Network, MAC and Physical layers of WSN.
CO3 Analyze architecture and Identify need and selection of protocols for WSN.
CO4 Explore various software platforms that exist for sensor networks.
Reference Books:
Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati, “Wireless Sensor Networks: Technology,
1.
Protocols and Applications:, WILEY , Second Edition (Indian) , 2014.
2. Ian F. Akyildiz, Mehmet Can Vuran "Wireless Sensor Networks", Wiley 2010.
Feng Zhao & Leonidas J. Guibas, “Wireless SensorNetworks- An Information Processing
3.
Approach", Elsevier, 2007.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Explain the fundamental concepts, issues and principles of cryptography for data
transmission.
CO2 Apply cryptographic techniques and algorithms to provide security to the transmitted
information.
CO3 Analyze the concepts of Authentication, Hash functions and Digital signature.
CO4 Understand and analyze System level security issues and protocols.
Reference Books:
Cryptography and Network Security, Williams Stallings, Seventh Edition, 2017, Pearson
1.
India Education Services, ISBN 978-0-13-444428-4.
Network Security, Perlman - Kaufman Spenciner, 2002, Pearson Education/PHI, ISBN:
2.
9971–51–45–5.
3. Cryptography & Network Security, AtulKahate, 2003, TMH, ISBN-81-203-2186-3.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Understand and explain Multimedia information representation, networks, coding,
image processing and compression techniques.
CO2 Apply the knowledge learnt about the various coding, image processing and
compression techniques
CO3 Analyze and Justify the impact of multimedia communication on society through
various applications like interpersonal communication, interactive applications
CO4 Design and Evaluate various coding, processing and compression techniques.
Reference Books:
Multimedia Communications, Fred Halsall, Pearson Education, 2013, ISBN: 978- 81-
1.
317-0994-8.
“Multimedia Communication Systems”, K.R. Rao, Zoran S.Bojkovic, D.A.Milovanovic,
2.
PHI, 2014.
3. “Fundamentals of Multimedia”, Ze-NianLi and Marks S Drew, PHI, 2006.
Unit-I 09 Hrs
Basics of Flight Vehicles: History of aviation, International Standard atmosphere (ISA),
Temperature, pressure and altitude relationships, Simple Problems on Standard Atmospheric
Properties, Classification of aircrafts, Anatomy of an aircraft & Helicopters, Basic components and
their functions.
Unit – II 10 Hrs
Aircraft Aerodynamics: Bernoulli’s theorem, Centre of Pressure, Lift and Drag, Types of Drag,
Aerodynamic Coefficients, Aerodynamic Centre, Wing Planform Geometry, Airfoil Nomenclature,
Basic Aerodynamic characteristics of Airfoil, Simple Numericals on Lift and Drag.
Unit –III 12 Hrs
Aerospace Propulsion: Introduction, Turbine Engines: Brayton Cycle, Operation of Turbojet,
Turboprop, Turbofan, Turboshaft, RAMJET and SCRAMJET Engines, Rocket Engines: Principles
of operation of Solid, Liquid, Hybrid, Nuclear and Electric Rockets.
Introduction to Space Mechanics: Basic Orbital Mechanics-Types of Trajectories, Escape and
Orbital Velocities, Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion, Simple Numericals.
Unit –IV 06 Hrs
Aerospace Structures and Materials: General types of construction-Monocoque, Semi-
Monocoque & Geodesic, Structure of Wing and Fuselage, Metallic and Composite Materials.
Unit –V 08 Hrs
Aircraft Systems & Instruments: Instrument Displays, Basic Air data systems & Pitot Probes-
Mach meter, Air speed indicator, Vertical speed indicator, Altimeter.
Basics of Aircraft Systems: Hydraulic and pneumatic systems, Electrical System, Aircraft Fuel
System, Environmental Control System.
Course Outcomes: At the end of this course the student will be able to :
Identify the fundamental nuances of Aerospace Engineering and appreciate their significance
CO1:
on the Flight Vehicles design and performance
Interpret the design parameters that influence the design of the Aerospace Vehicles systems
CO2:
and its sub-systems
CO3: Evaluate critically the design strategy involved in the development of Aerospace vehicles
Categorically appraise the operation of the Aerospace Vehicles for different operating
CO4:
conditions
Reference Books
1 Xiong J. Essential bioinformatics. Cambridge University Press; 2006 Mar 13.
Buehler LK, Rashidi HH, editors. Bioinformatics basics: applications in biological science and
2.
medicine. CRC Press; 2005 Jun 23.
Ghosh Z, Mallick BM. Bioinformatics principles and Applications. Oxford University Press; 2018 Jun
3.
13.
Low L, Tammi MT. Introduction to next generation sequencing technologies. Bioinformatics.
4.
WORLD SCIENTIFIC. 2017 Jul 26:1-21.
Bioinformatics: Sequence and Genome Analysis; D W Mount; 2014; CSHL Press; 2nd edn; ISBN:
5.
9780879697129.
Computational Systems Biology; A Kriete and R Eils; 2006; Academic Press; Illustrated edn; ISBN:
6.
978-01-208-87866.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Understand the risk assessment techniques used in process industry
CO2 Interpret the various risk assessment tools.
CO3 Use hazard identification tools for safety management.
CO4 Analyze tools and safety procedures for protection in process industries.
Reference Books
Functional Safety in the Process Industry: A Handbook of practical Guidance in the application
1. of IEC61511 and ANSI/ISA-84, Kirkcaldy K.J.D Chauhan, 2012, North corolina,Lulu
publication, ISBN:1291187235.
Safety Instrumented Systems Verification Practical probabilistic calculations, Goble and William
2.
M., 2005, Pensulvania ISA publication, ISBN:155617909X.
Industrial safety and risk Management, Laird Wilson and Doug Mc Cutche, 1st Edition,
3.
2003,The University of alberta press,Canada, ISBN: 0888643942.
ndustrial Safety, Health and Environment Management Systems, R K Jain, Sunil S Rao, 4th
4.
Edition, 2005, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, ISBN: 8174092102.
Unit – I 8 Hrs
RPA Concepts: RPA Basics, History of Automation, what is RPA? RPA vs Automation, Processes &
Flowcharts, Programming Constructs in RPA, What Processes can be Automated? Types of Bots,
Workloads that can be automated.
RPA Advanced Concepts: Standardization of processes, Setting up the Centre of Excellence, RPA
Development methodologies, Difference from SDLC, RPA journey, RPA business case, RPA Team,
Process Design Document/Solution Design Document, Industries best suited for RPA, Risks &
Challenges with RPA, RPA and emerging ecosystem.
Unit – II 7 Hrs
RPA Tool Introduction: Introduction to UiPath - the User Interface, Types of Variables, Variables in
UiPath, Managing Arguments, The Arguments Panel, Namespaces; Control flow statements in UiPath,
Sequences and Flowcharts, Control Flow Activities Data Manipulation Introduction, Data Manipulation
Operations, Types of data storing variables, Text Manipulation, main string methods.
UiPath Recording: Basic, Desktop and Web Recording, Image and Native Citrix Recording,
Input/output methods, Types of OCR, Data Scraping, Advanced Scraping techniques.
Unit – III 7 Hrs
Advanced Automation Concepts: Selectors, Types of Selectors (Full, partial, dynamic), Defining and
Assessing Selectors, Customization, Debugging. Image, Text & Advanced Citrix Automation –
Introduction, Keyboard based automation, Information Retrieval, Best Practices Excel Data Tables &
PDF, Data Tables in RPA, Excel and Data Table, Extracting Data from Data Table, Anchors, Using
anchors in PDF
Unit – IV 7 Hrs
Email Automation, Exceptions and Deploying Bots: Introduction to Email Automation, Key concepts
of email, email protocols, email automation in UiPath, email as input and output. Debugging and
Exception Handling, Types of exception, Debugging Tools, Strategies for solving issues, Catching
errors. Overview of orchestration Server, orchestrator functionalities, Connecting Bot to orchestrator
Unit – V 7 Hrs
Hyper automation: Components and application of Hyper automation, Automation versus hyper
automation, Benefits and challenges of hyper automation, use cases, Phases (Integration, Discover,
Orchestration and Governance), Trends in Hyper automation (low-code/no-code platform, HaaS)
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to
CO1 Understand RPA principles, its features and applications
CO2 Demonstrate proficiency in handling variables and decision making inside a workflow and data
manipulation techniques
CO3 Gain insights into recording, Email Automation and exception handling and orchestrator.
CO4 Analyze the trends in automation and chose business strategy to design a real-world automation
workflow.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Identify and apply ITS applications at different levels
CO2 Illustrate ITS architecture for planning process
CO3 Examine the significance of ITS for various levels
CO4 Compose the importance of ITS in implementations
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Diagnose the distress in the structure understanding the causes and factors.
CO2 Understand safety aspects, components and materials used in Structural Health Monitoring.
CO3 Assess the health of structure using static field methods and dynamic field tests.
CO4 Analyse behavior of structures using remote structural health monitoring
Reference Books
1 Structural Health Monitoring, Daniel Balageas, Claus Peter Fritzen, Alfredo
Güemes,2006, John Wiley and Sons, ISBN: 978-1905209019
2 Health Monitoring of Structural Materials and Components Methods with Applications,
Douglas E Adams, 2007,John Wiley and Sons, ISBN:9780470033135
3 Structural Health Monitoring and Intelligent Infrastructure, J. P. Ou, H. Li and Z. D.
Duan, Vol1,2006,Taylor and Francis Group, London, UK. ISBN: 978-0415396523
4 Structural Health Monitoring with Wafer Active Sensors, Victor Giurglutiu,
2007,Academic Press Inc, ISBN: 9780128101612
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Understanding the application of HMIs in various domain.
CO2 Comparison of various communication protocols used in HMI development.
CO3 Apply and analyse the car multimedia system free software and hardware evolution.
CO4 Design and evaluate the graphic tools and advanced techniques for creating car dashboard
multimedia systems.
Unit-I 06 Hrs
Types of Energy Audit and Energy-Audit Methodology: Definition of Energy Audit, Place of Audit,
Energy – Audit Methodology, Financial Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, Project Financing Options,
Energy Monitoring and Training.
Survey Instrumentation: Electrical Measurement, Thermal Measurement, Light Measurement, Speed
Measurement, Data Logger and Data Acquisition System,
Energy Audit of a Power Plant: Indian Power Plant Scenario, Benefit of Audit, Types of Power
Plants, Energy Audit of Power Plant.
Unit – II 10 Hrs
Electrical-Load Management: Electrical Basics, Electrical Load Management, VariableFrequency
Drives, Harmonics and its Effects, Electricity Tariff, Power Factor, Transmission and Distribution
Losses.
Energy Audit of Motors: Classification of Motors, Parameters related to Motors, Efficiency of a
Motor, Energy Conservation in Motors, BEE Star Rating and Labelling.
Energy Audit of Pumps, Blowers and Cooling Towers: Pumps, Fans and Blowers, Cooling Towers
Unit –III 09 Hrs
Communication & Standards:
Wireless technologies: WPANs, LAN, Wireless metropolitan area network, cellular network, satellite
communication, Zigbee, Bluetooth, LAN, NAN
Wireline communication: Phone line technology, powerline technology, coaxial cable technology;
Optical communication, TCP/IP networks
Unit –IV 09 Hrs
Energy Audit of Boilers: Classification of Boilers, Parts of Boiler, Efficiency of a Boiler, Role of
excess Air in Boiler Efficiency, Energy Saving Methods.
Energy Audit of Furnaces: Parts of a Furnace, classification of Furnaces, Energy saving Measures in
Furnaces, Furnace Efficiency
Energy Audit of Steam-Distribution Systems : S team as Heating Fluid, Steam Basics, Requirement
of Steam, Pressure, Piping, Losses in Steam Distribution Systems, Energy Conservation Methods
Unit-V 09 Hrs
Energy Audit of Lighting Systems: Fundamentals of Lighting, Different Lighting Systems, Ballasts,
Fixtures (Luminaries), Reflectors, Lenses and Louvres, Lighting Control Systems, Lighting System
Audit, Energy Saving Opportunities.
Energy Audit Applied to Buildings: Energy – Saving Measures in New Buildings, Water Audit,
Method of Audit, General Energy – Savings Tips Applicable to New as well as Existing Buildings.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to: -
CO 1 Explain the need for energy audit, prepare a flow for audit and identify the instruments needed.
CO 2 Design and perform the energy audit process for electrical systems.
CO 3 Design and perform the energy audit process for mechanical systems
CO 4 Propose energy management scheme for a building
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Understand the sources of biomedical signals and basic biomedical instruments.
CO2 Apply concepts for the design of biomedical devices
CO3 Analyze the methods of acquisition and signal conditioning to be applied to the physiological
parameters.
CO4 Develop instrumentation for measuring and monitoring biomedical parameters.
Unit-I 8 Hrs
Introduction to Electronic Communication: The Significance of Human Communication,
Communication Systems, Types of Electronic Communication, Modulation and Multiplexing,
Electromagnetic Spectrum, Bandwidth, A Survey of Communication Applications.
The Fundamentals of Electronics: Gain, Attenuation, and Decibels.
Radio Receivers: Super heterodyne receiver.
Unit – II 10 Hrs
Modulation Schemes: Analog Modulation: AM, FM and PM- brief review.
Digital Modulation: PCM, Line Codes, ASK, FSK, PSK & QAM (Architecture).
Wideband Modulation: Spread spectrum, FHSS, DSSS.
Multiple Access: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA.
Unit –III 10 Hrs
Satellite Communication: Satellite Orbits, Satellite Communication Systems, Satellite Subsystems,
Ground Stations, Satellite Applications, Global Positioning System.
Unit –IV 9 Hrs
Optical Communication: Optical Principles, Optical Communication Systems, Fiber-Optic Cables,
Optical Transmitters and Receivers, Wavelength-Division Multiplexing, Passive Optical Networks.
Unit –V 8 Hrs
Cell Phone Technologies: Cellular concepts, Frequency allocation, Frequency reuse, Internet Telephony.
Wireless Technologies: Wireless LAN, PANs and Bluetooth, Zig Bee, Mesh Wireless Networks,
WiMax, and Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to :-
CO1 Describe the basics of communication systems.
CO2 Analyze the importance of modulation and multiple access schemes for communication systems.
CO3 Analyze the operational concept of cell phone and other wireless technologies.
CO4 Justify the use of different components and sub-system in advanced communication systems.
Unit-I 9 Hrs
Principle of Cellular Communication: Cellular Terminology, Cell Structure and Cluster, Frequency
Reuse Concept, Cluster size and System Capacity, Method of Locating Co-channel cells, Frequency
Reuse distance, Co-channel Interference and Signal Quality, Co-channel interference Reduction Methods.
Unit – II 9 Hrs
Basic Cellular system: Consideration of components of a cellular system- A basic cellular system
connected to PSTN, Main parts of a basic cellular system, Operation of a Cellular system, Performance
criteria- Voice quality, Trunking and Grade of Service, Spectral Efficiency of FDMA and TDMA systems
Unit –III 9 Hrs
Second generation Cellular Technology: GSM: GSM Network Architecture, Identifiers used in GSM
System, GSM channels, Authentication and Security in GSM, GSM Call Procedure, GSM Hand-off
Procedures.
Unit –IV 9 Hrs
3G Digital Cellular Technology: GPRS: GPRS technology, GPRS NetworkArchitecture, GPRS
signalling, Mobility Management in GPRS. UMTS: UMTS Network Architecture, UMTS Interfaces,
UMTS Air Interface Specifications, UMTS Channels.
Unit –V 9 Hrs
Wireless Personal Area Networks: Network architecture, components, Bluetooth, Zigbee, Applications.
Wireless Local Area networks: Network Architecture, Standards, Applications. Wireless Metropolitan
Area Networks: IEEE 802.16 standards, advantages, WMAN Network architecture, Protocol stack
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to :-
CO1 Describe the concepts and terminologies for Cellular Communication.
CO2 Analyze the Architecture, Hand-off and Security aspects in 2G and 3G Networks.
CO3 Compare the performance features of 2G and 3G Cellular Technologies.
CO4 Analyze and Compare the architectures of various Wireless technologies and standards.
Unit-I 09 Hrs
Introduction:
Smart phone operating systems and smart phones applications. Introduction to Android, Installing Android
Studio, creating an Android app project, deploying the app to the emulator and a device. UI Design:
Building a layout with UI elements, Layouts, Views and Resources, Text and Scrolling Views.
Activities and Intents, The Activity Lifecycle, Managing State, Activities and Implicit Intents, The Android
Studio Debugger, Testing the Android app, The Android Support Library.
Unit–II 09 Hrs
User experience:
User interaction, User Input Controls, Menus, Screen Navigation, Recycler View, Delightful user
experience, Drawables, Styles, and Themes, Material Design, Testing app UI, Testing the User Interface
Unit–III 09 Hrs
Working in the background:
Async Task and Async Task Loader, Connect to the Internet, Broadcast Receivers and Services.
Scheduling and optimizing background tasks – Notifications, Scheduling Alarms, and Transferring Data
Efficiently
Unit–IV 09 Hrs
All about data:
Preferences and Settings, Storing Data, Shared Preferences. Storing data using SQLite, SQLite Database.
Sharing data with content providers.
Advanced Android Programming: Internet, Entertainment and Services. Displaying web pages and maps,
communicating with SMS and emails, Sensors.
Unit–V 09 Hrs
Hardware Support & devices:
Permissions and Libraries, Performance and Security. Fire base and AdMob, Publish and Polish, Multiple
Form Factors, Using Google Services.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to
CO1: Comprehend the basic features of android platform and the application development process.
Acquirefamiliarity with basic building blocks of Android application and its architecture.
CO2: Apply and explore the basic framework, usage of SDK to build Android applications
incorporating Android features in developing mobile applications.
CO3: Demonstrate proficiency in coding on a mobile programming platform using advanced Android
technologies, handle security issues, rich graphics interfaces, using debugging and troubleshooting
tools.
CO4: Create innovative applications, understand the economics and features of the app marketplace by
offering the applications for download.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to:-
CO1 Explain the features and elements of a financial system.
CO2 Recognize the relevance basic principles of financial management in decision making.
CO3 Describe the processes and techniques of capital budgeting and working capital financing by
organizations.
CO4 Demonstrate an understanding of various sources of finance.
Course Outcomes: After going through this course the student will be able to
CO1 Understand the characteristics of different types of decision – making environments and
the appropriate decision making approaches and tools to be used in each type.
CO2 Build and solve Transportation Models and Assignment Models.
CO3 Design new simple models, like: CPM, PERT to improve decision –making and develop critical
thinking and objective analysis of decision problems.
CO4 Implement practical cases, by using TORA, WinQSB, Excel, GAMS.
Reference Books:
1. Operation Research An Introduction, Taha H A, 10th Global Edition, 2017, Pearson Education
Limited, ISBN 13: 978-1-292-16554-7
2. Principles of Operations Research – Theory and Practice, Philips, Ravindran and Solberg, 2nd
Edition, 2007, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pvt Ltd, ISBN 13: 978-8126512560
3. Introduction to Operation Research, Hiller, Liberman, Nag, Basu, 10th Edition, 2017, McGraw
Hill Education, ISBN 13: 978-9339221850
4. Operations Research Theory and Application, J K Sharma, 6th Edition, 2009, Trinity Press,
ISBN : 978-93-85935-14-5
Unit-I 09 Hrs
Automobile Engines
Classifications of Internal Combustion Engines. Engine nomenclature and mechanics. Mixture formation –
External, internal, quality and quantity control – homogeneous and stratified injection. Thermodynamic
principles of Otto and Diesel cycle. Characteristics – pressure curve and energy yield, engine speed, torque,
and power
Unit-II 10 Hrs
Engine Auxiliary Systems:
Turbocharger, Intercooler, Exhaust manifold, 3-way catalytic convertor, Exhaust Gas Recirculation
system.
Common Rail Fuel Injection system- Low pressure and high pressure fuel systems, Return line, Quantity
control valve and Injectors.
Unit-III 10 Hrs
Vehicular Auxiliary Systems:
Vehicle frame and body classification- Hatchback, Sedan, SUV, Coupe, Roadster. Adaptive Brakes - Disc
and drum brakes, Antilock Braking Systems, ESP, TCS. Wheels and Tyres- Toe-In, Toe-Out, Caster and
Camber angle. Classification of tyres, Radial, Tubeless.
Supplemental Restraint System: Active and passive safety, Vehicle structure, Gas generator and air bags,
Belt Tensioner, Acceleration sensor, Rollover sensor, Seat occupancy recognition.
Unit-IV 09 Hrs
EV Technology: Types of EV’s, ICE vs EV torque output, Architecture and Working of EV’s.
Battery Thermal Management System, Regenerative braking, Safety system and Impacts of EV on the
environment.
Unit-V 07 Hrs
Telematics in vehicles – Radio Transmission, Exchange of information, signal path & properties, Concept of
radio waves.
Sensors: Oxygen sensors, Crankshaft/Cam shaft Sensor, Boost Pressure Sensor, Coolant Temperature
Sensor, Hot Film Air Mass flow Sensor, Throttle Position Sensor, Rain/Light sensor
Reference Books
1. Automotive Technology – A systems approach, Jack Erjavec, 5th Edition, Delamr Cengage
Learning, ISBN-13: 978-1428311497
2. Automotive Engineering Fundamentals, Richard Stone and Jeffrey K. Ball, 2004, SAE
International, ISBN: 0768009871
3. Bosch Automotive Handbook, Robert Bosch, 9th Edition, 2004, ISBN: 9780768081527
4. Understanding Automotive Electronics, William B Ribbens, 5th Edition, Butterworth–
Heinemann, ISBN 0-7506-7008-8
Unit-I 09 Hrs
Continuous Models Using Ordinary Differential Equations:
Basic concepts, Real world problems (Science and Engineering), Approximation of the problem, Steps
involved in modelling, Formation of various continuous models.
Unit – II 09 Hrs
Mathematically Modelling Discrete Processes:
Difference equations - first and second order, Introduction to Difference equations, Introduction to discrete
models-simple examples, Mathematical modelling through difference equations in economics, finance,
population dynamics, genetics and other real world problems.
Unit –III 09 Hrs
Markov modelling:
Mathematical foundations of Markov chains, application of Markov Modelling to problems.
Unit –IV 09 Hrs
Modelling through graphs:
Graph theory concepts, Modelling situations through different types of graphs.
Unit –V 09 Hrs
Variational Problem and Dynamic Programming:
Optimization principles and techniques, Mathematical models of variational problem and dynamic
programming, Problems with applications.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to
CO1: Explore the fundamental concepts of mathematical models arising in various fields engineering.
CO2: Apply the knowledge and skills of discrete and continuous models to understand various types of
analysis.
CO3: Analyze the appropriate mathematical model to solve the real world problem and to optimize the
solution.
CO4: Distinguish the overall knowledge gained to demonstrate the problems arising in many practical
situations.
Reference Books
Mathematical Modeling, J. N. Kapur, 1st Edition, 1998, New Age International, New Delhi, ISBN:
1
81-224-0006-X.
Mathematical Modeling: Models, Analysis and Applications, Sandip Banerjee, 2014, Chapman and
2
Hall/CRC Textbook, ISBN 9781439854518.
Case studies in mathematical modeling, D. J. G. James and J. J. Mcdonald, 1981, Stanly Thames,
3
Cheltonham, ISBN: 0470271779, 9780470271773.
Modeling with difference equations, D. N. Burghes, M. S. Borrie, Ellis Harwood, 1981, ISBN 13:
4
9780853122869.
Unit-I 09 Hrs
Introduction to Quantum Computing:
Quantum superposition, Qubits, Linear algebra for quantum computing, Inner products and Tensor
products of vector spaces, Quantum states in Hilbert space, The Bloch sphere, Generalized
measurements, No-cloning theorem.
Unit – II 09 Hrs
Quantum Gates:
Universal set of gates, quantum circuits, Dirac formalism, superposition of states, entanglement Bits and
Qubits. Qubit operations, Hadamard Gate, CNOT Gate, Phase Gate, Z-Y decomposition, Quantum
Circuit Composition, Basic Quantum circuits.
Unit –III 09 Hrs
Quantum Algorithm - I:
Quantum parallelism, Quantum Evolution, Deutsch Algorithm, Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm, Simon
periodicity algorithm, Phase evaluation algorithm, Quantum Fourier transform.
Unit –IV 09 Hrs
Quantum Algorithm - II:
Bell inequalities and entanglement, Schmidt decomposition, Grover search algorithm, Shor Factoring
algorithm. Application of entanglement, teleportation, Superdense coding.
Unit –V 09 Hrs
Applications of Quantum Computing:
Quantum programming languages, Probabilistic and Quantum computations, introduction to quantum
cryptography and quantum information theory.
Course Outcomes: After completing the course, the students will be able to
CO1: Explore the fundamental concepts of quantum computing.
CO2: Apply the knowledge and skills of quantum computing to understand various types of problems
arising in various fields engineering
CO3: Analyze the appropriate quantum algorithm to solve the real-world problem and to optimize the
solution.
CO4: Distinguish the overall knowledge gained to demonstrate the problems arising in many practical
situations.
Reference Books
1. Understanding Psychology Feldman R. S, IV edition, (1996) McGraw Hill India
2. Psychology Robert A. Baron, III edition (1995) Prentice Hall India.
Organizational Behaviour , Stephen P Robbins Pearson Education Publications, 13th
3.
Edition, ISBN – 81-317 – 1132 – 3
Organisational Behaviour : Human Behaviour at Work ,John W.Newstrem and Keith Davis.
4.
Tata McGraw Hill India, 10th Edition, ISBN 0-07-046504-5
Psychology-themes and variations , Wayne Weiten, IV edition, Brooks / Cole Publishing
5
Co.
Unit-I 10 Hrs
Introduction-Basic Human Aspiration, its fulfillment through All-encompassing Resolution. The
basic human aspirations and their fulfillment through Right understanding and Resolution, Right
understanding and Resolution are the activities of the Self, Self is central to Human Existence;
All-encompassing Resolution for a Human Being, its details and solution of problems in the light
of Resolution.
Unit – II 10 Hrs
Right Understanding (Knowing)- Knower, Known & the Process. The domain of right
understanding starts from understanding the human being (the knower, the experiencer and the
doer); and extends up to understanding nature/existence – its interconnectedness and co-
existence; and finally understanding the role of human being in existence (human conduct).
Unit –III 08 Hrs
Understanding Existence (including Nature). A comprehensive understanding (knowledge) about
the existence, which certainly includes the Nature. The need and the process of inner evolution
(through self-exploration, self-awareness and self-evaluation)- particularly awakening to
activities of the Self: Realization, Understanding and Contemplation in the Self (Realization of
Co-Existence, Understanding of Harmony in Nature and Contemplation of Participation of
Human in this harmony/ order leading to comprehensive knowledge about the existence).
Unit –IV 08 Hrs
Understanding Human Being. Understanding the human being comprehensively is the first step
and the core theme of this course; human being as co-existence of the self and the body, the
activities and potentialities of the self, Reasons for harmony/contradiction in the self.
Unit –V 09 Hrs
Understanding Human Conduct, All-encompassing Resolution & Holistic Way of Living.
Understanding Human Conduct, Understanding different aspects of All-encompassing Resolution
(understanding, wisdom, science etc.), Holistic way of living for Human Being with All-
encompassing Resolution covering all four dimensions of human endeavour viz., realization,
thought, behavior and work (participation in the larger order) leading to harmony at all levels
from self to Nature and entire Existence.
Course Outcomes: After completion of the course the students will be able to
CO1 Understand the basic human aspiration with program of its fulfilment and meaning of
resolution in the complete expanse of human living.
CO2 Understand human being in depth and see how self is central to human being
CO3 Understand existence in depth and see how coexistence is central to existence
CO4 Understand human conduct and the holistic way of living leading to human tradition
➢ The students are required to meet their guides once in a week to report their progress in
project work.
➢ Weekly Activity Report (WAR) has to be maintained in the form of a diary by the
project batch and the same has to be discussed with the Guide regularly.
➢ For CIE assessment the project groups must give a final presentation with the draft copy of the
project report.
➢ The presentation by each group will be for 20-30 minutes and every member of the team
needs to justify the contributions to the project.
➢ The project team is required to submit Hard copies of the detailed Project Report in the
prescribed format to the department.
➢ For CIE 50% weightage should be given to the project guide and 50% weightage to the
project evaluation committee.
Course Outcomes:
1 Identifying critical thinking and problem-solving abilities by analyzing and addressing
interdisciplinary challenges, utilizing creative approaches and innovative solutions.
2 Exhibit proficiency in conducting comprehensive research, including literature review, data
collection, modelling, simulation, and analysis, to address significant technical challenges and
propose innovative solutions.
3 Demonstrate the ability to do effective teamwork, leadership, project management, and
communication skills, while adhering to ethical standards and professional responsibility in
delivering the project outcomes within time and budget constraints.
4 Utilize appropriate engineering tools, technologies, and software to design, test, and implement
project solutions, ensuring adherence to technical specifications, safety standards, and industry best
practices.
SEE Assessment:
The following are the weightages given during Viva Examination.
1. Written presentation of synopsis 10%
2. Presentation/Demonstration of the project 30%
3. Methodology and Experimental Results & Discussion 30%
4. Report 10%
5. Viva Voce 20%
PO2: Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions with consideration for sustainable
development. (WK1 to WK4)
PO3: Design/Development of Solutions: Design creative solutions for complex engineering problems
and design/develop systems/components/processes to meet identified needs with consideration for the
public health and safety, whole-life cost, net zero carbon, culture, society and environment as required.
(WK5)
PO5: Engineering Tool Usage: Create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources and modern
engineering & IT tools, including prediction and modelling recognizing their limitations to solve
complex engineering problems. (WK2 and WK6)
PO6: The Engineer and The World: Analyze and evaluate societal and environmental aspects while
solving complex engineering problems for its impact on sustainability with reference to economy,
health, safety, legal framework, culture and environment. (WK1, WK5, and WK7).
PO7: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics, human values, diversity and
inclusion; adhere to national & international laws. (WK9)
PO8: Individual and Collaborative Team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in diverse/multi-disciplinary teams.
PO9: Communication: Communicate effectively and inclusively within the community and society at
large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make
effective presentations considering cultural, language, and learning differences
PO10: Project Management and Finance: Apply knowledge and understanding of engineering
management principles and economic decision-making and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, and to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
PO11: Life-Long Learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability for i)
independent and life-long learning ii) adaptability to new and emerging technologies and iii) critical
thinking in the broadest context of technological change. (WK8)
Coding Club: Helps students gain coding skills and succeed in competitions like GSoC and ACM-ICPC.
Frequency Club Team: Works on software and hardware, emphasizing AI and Machine Learning.
Team Garuda: Develops a supermileage urban concept electric car and E-mobility products.
Team Jatayu: Builds low-cost UAVs with autonomous capabilities for various tasks.
Solar Car Team: Aims to create a solar electric vehicle for sustainable transportation.
Team Antariksh: Focuses on space technology and the development of operational rockets.
Helios Racing Team: Designs and tests All-Terrain Vehicles, participating in SAE's BAJA competitions.
Team Hydra: Develops autonomous underwater vehicles for tasks like water purification.
Team Krushi: Creates low-cost farming equipment to assist farmers in cultivation and harvesting.
Team Dhruva: Engages in astronomy-related activities and collaborates on projects with organizations
like ICTS and IIA.
Ham Club: Promotes Amateur Radio and explores technical innovations in communications, especially
for disaster response.