National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

School of Engineering Islamabad Campus

Serial No:
EE2004-Electrical Network
Sessional II Exam
Analysis Total Time: 1 Hour
Tuesday 07 Nov, 2023 Total Marks: 55
Course Instructor
________________
Azhar S. Rauf Signature of Invigilator

_ S O L U T I O N _____________ _______ __________ _____________________

Student Name Roll No Section Signature

DO NOT OPEN THE QUESTION BOOK OR START UNTIL INSTRUCTED.

Instructions:
1. Verify at the start of the exam that you have a total of three (3) questions printed
on eight (8) pages including this title page.
2. Attempt all questions in the question-book and in the given order.
3. The exam is closed books, closed notes. Please see that the area in your threshold
is free of any material classified as ‘useful in the paper’ or else there may be a
charge of cheating.
4. Read the questions carefully for clarity of context and understanding of meaning
and make assumptions wherever required, for neither the invigilator will address
your queries, nor the teacher/examiner will come to the examination hall for any
assistance.
5. Fit in all your answers in the provided space. You may use extra space on the last
page if required. If you do so, clearly mark the question/part number on that
page to avoid confusion.
6. Use only your own stationery and calculator. If you do not have your own
calculator, use manual calculations.
7. Use only permanent ink pens. Only the questions attempted with permanent ink
pens will be considered. Any part of paper done in lead pencil cannot be claimed
for rechecking.

Q-1 Q-2 Q-3 Total

Total Marks 15 20 20 55

Marks Obtained

Assessment of CLO CLO 1 CLO 2 CLO 3

Vetted By: ____________________________Vetter Signature: ____________________

Q1.
 National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences
School of Engineering Islamabad Campus
CLO-01: Apply the concept of Phasor in single- & poly-phase sinusoidal systems in steady-
state. (Application)

Answer the questions below. Be technical and specific. [15]

a) In 3-phase power transmission pylons comprising the national grid, what is the function of
the fourth wire located on the pylons? Explain in detail. [2]

Fourth wire at the top is for protection against lightning, etc. Since
there is no current in the fourth conductor for both Y and delta
configurations, no ground wire is necessary.

b) Make a Y stick diagram corresponding to the delta stick diagram shown. Show V an and Ian on
the Y diagram corresponding to the terms already labeled. [3]
a
+ IaA Shape, Van, Ian
1/ea
Vab
–
c b

c) What is the phase sequence for the following 3-phase system? [1]

It is positive or abc phase sequence.

d) Draw single-phase equivalent diagram for the circuit in part c). [4]

Values, labels 1/ea

Load conversion 2

Sessional II Exam Fall-2023 Semester Page 2 of 8

 National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences
School of Engineering Islamabad Campus

e) If IBC = 10<30o, what will IaA be in a 3-Ф balanced ∆–connected load for a positive sequence
system. Solve using a reasonably accurate phasor diagram only – direct computational
answers will not be accepted. [5]

IAB, ICA 1/ea

Plotting above 1
Plotting IaA 2

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 National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences
School of Engineering Islamabad Campus
Q2.
CLO-02: Analyze single- & poly-phase sinusoidal systems with transformers to find power
& power-factor using the concept of Phasor. (Analysis)

Answer the questions below. Be technical and specific. [20]

[1 each, except where indicated otherwise]

a) Contrast the use of linear and ideal transformers in electrical engineering. [2]

Linear transformers are used for impedance matching; while ideal transformers are
generally used for long distance power transmission by stepping voltages up or
down to avoid line losses due to high currents.

b) Highlight the differences in impedance reflected from secondary to primary port in ideal and
linear transformers. [2]

In ideal transformers, impedance reflected from secondary is a scaled version of the

Formulas
load there with no phase transformation; while in linear transformers, the load
reflected from secondary is a scaled version involving phase change too. Diffs

The scaling factor for ideal transformer depends on the turns ratio between primary
and secondary; while for linear transformers it depends on radian frequency and
mutual inductance value.

c) Write the voltage and current constraints of ideal transformer shown after applying IT dot
conventions: [2]

10
a=
1
V 1 −V 2
= or V 2=−a V 1
1 10
−I 1
I =−10 I = in the left,
or I 1, I2, II3 2flow
d) Write the mesh equations for the following circuit. Assume
1 currents
2
a
right and top loops respectively. [6]

Correct I labels 1
Mesh ID 1
M terms 1/ea
No V/I/Mesh ID 0
Mix t and f 0

Mesh-current equation for the left loop

0=−V s +5 ( I 1−I 3 ) + j 2 ( I 1−I 2 ) + j 4 (I 2−I 3) [2]

[2]
Mesh-current equation for the right loop
0=7(I 2−I 3)¿+ j2(I 2−I 1)+ j3(I 2−I 3 )− j 4 (I 2−I 3)− j 4(I 2−I 1 )

[2]
Mesh-current equation for the top loop
0=6 I 3 +7 ( I 3−I 2 ) + j3 ( I 3−I 2) + 5 ( I 3−I 1 )− j 4 ( I 1−I 2 )

Sessional II Exam Fall-2023 Semester Page 4 of 8

 National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences
School of Engineering Islamabad Campus

e) For the linear transformer shown with ꞷ = 10 krad/s, transform it into its T-equivalent. [3]

f) Using the T-equivelent circuit of part e), find Z in (looking into primary port), Zout (looking into
secondary port), and Zr (the reflected impedance). [5]

Z ¿=4+ j8+ j 30+ j 7+{ j13∨¿(− j 3+15− j25)} [2]

o
¿ 45.25< 84.92 Ω=4+ j 45 Ω

Z out =4 + j 8+ j30+ j7 + { j 13||(− j3+15− j 25 ) } [2]

o
¿ 15.28←11.02 Ω=15− j2.92 Ω

Z r=cannot be determined ¿ T −equivalent circuit [1]

Sessional II Exam Fall-2023 Semester Page 5 of 8

 National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences
School of Engineering Islamabad Campus
Q3.
CLO-03: Apply Laplace Transform to find transfer function in RLC circuits. (Application)

Answer the questions below. Be technical and specific. [20]

2/3
a) What does the complex frequency component s depict? Explain in detail. [2]
properties
mentioned
s=σ + jω represents neper (damping) and radian (sinusoidal) frequencies. These
components determine the shape of the waveform and all three components have Hz 1 property
(or s-1) as their units. mentioned
b) Which types of signals may be analyzed with complex frequency analysis methods? Which
outputs may be obtained? [2]
Some
signals
All types of signals (including random, non-mathematical formulation) may be analyzed.
All types
Both steady state and transient responses may be determined by this method.
Outputs
c) Transform the time domain signals below to complex frequency: [4]

i. v (t)=400 V
Each correct K and s 1/ea
o
K=400<0 ∧s=0+ j0

ii. i (t )=35 e−8 t A

o
K=17.5 <0 ∧s=−8+ j 0

d) Given K=9←37.8o and s=2 – j 6 s−1, recreate the time domain signal f (t). [3]

For real time signal, it is essential that K* and s* must exist.

Each correct term 1/ea
Therefore, f (t )=18 e2 t cos ⁡(6 t −37.8 o)

Sessional II Exam Fall-2023 Semester Page 6 of 8

 National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences
School of Engineering Islamabad Campus

e) Convert the circuit shown to an s-domain circuit. Initial inductor current is i(0-) = 5 mA while the
capacitor is uncharged.
HINT: Recall that inductors may be modeled as: V (s)=sLI (s)−Li ¿ [7]

f) In part e) above, if the signal source is DC, what will the 1/42 F capacitor model simplify to? [2]

For DC, s=0+ j 0, therefore, 42 /s=∞ or the capacitor model will simply to an open
circuit.

Sessional II Exam Fall-2023 Semester Page 7 of 8

 National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences
School of Engineering Islamabad Campus
ROUGH WORK OR QUESTION CONTINUATION (mention question/part #)

Formula Sheet
Laplace Transform Pairs Operational Transforms
−¿¿
f ( t ) , t>0 F (s ) f (t) F (s )
δ (t) 1 Kf (t) KF(s)
u(t ) 1 f 1 ( t ) +f 2 ( t )−f 3 (t) F 1 ( s ) + F 2 ( s ) −F3 (s)
s
t 1 n
d f (t )
n
s F ( s )−s
n−1
f¿
2
s dt
n

e
−at
1 t
F ( s)
s +a ∫ f ( x ) dx s
0
sin ⁡(wt ) w f ( t−a ) u ( t−a ) e
−as
F ( s)
2
s +w
2
a> 0
cos ⁡(wt) s −at
e f (t ) F (s +a)
2 2
s +w
te
−at
1 f ( at ) , a> 0 1 s
F( )
( s+ a)
2
a a
e
−at
sin ⁡(wt ) w n
t f (t ) n
d F(s)
2 2 (−1)n
( s+ a) + w ds n
e
−at
cos ⁡( wt) s+ a f (t) ∞

2
( s+ a) + w
2
t ∫ F ( u ) du
s
n nth – Order Butterworth Polynomial
1 s+1
2
2 ( s +1.414 s+1)
2
3 (s+1)(s + s+1)
2 2
4 ( s +0.765 s+1)( s +1.848 s +1)
2 2
5 (s+1)(s +0.618 s+1)(s +1.618 s +1)
2 2 2
6 (s +0.518 s+1)(s +1.414 s+1)(s +1.932 s+ 1)
2 2 2
7 (s+1)(s +0.445 s+1)(s +1.247 s +1)(s + 1.802 s+1)
2 2 2 2
8 ( s +0.390 s+1)( s +1.111 s+1)( s +1.663 s+1)(s +1.962 s+1)

Zb Zc Za Zc Za Zb
Z1 = , Z 2= , Z 3=
Z a +Z b + Z c Z a + Z b +Z c Z a + Z b+ Z c

Z 1 Z 2+ Z 2 Z 3 +Z 3 Z 1 Z 1 Z 2 +Z 2 Z 3 + Z3 Z1 Z 1 Z 2+ Z 2 Z 3 +Z 3 Z 1
Z a= , Z b= , Z c=
Z1 Z2 Z3

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