International University

School of Electrical Engineering

Principle of EE1 Laboratory

EE052IU

[Lab 1]
Introduction to Electric Circuit Laboratory

Submitted by
[Nguyễn Đào Anh Khôi - EEEEIU22067]
[Nguyễn Đình Ngọc Huy - EEEEIU22020]
[Trần Thuận Thành - EEEEIU22069]

Date Submitted: [11/09/2023]

Date Performed: [11/02/2023]
Lab Section: [1]
Course Instructor: [M.Eng Nguyen Minh Thien]
International University [Course number 1]

School of EE
 GRADING GUIDELINE FOR LAB REPORT
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Table of Contents

List of Figures ........................................................................................….….................. ............

List of Tables....................................................................................................................…….......................
Nomenclature.............................................................................................................................…….….......
Theoretical Background.............................................................................................................……..............1
Introduction............................................................................................................…….................................3
Experimental Procedure.................................................................................................……... 8
Experimental Results.........................................................................................................................……... 10
Discussion of Results............................................................................................................................................10
List of Figures
Figure 1 –………………………….……...…………………………………………………… 1
Figure 2 – …………………………………………………………………..……………...….. 2
Figure 3 – ……………………………………………………………………………………... 3
Figure 4 –………………………………………….………………………..……………...….. 5
Figure 5 – ……………………………………………………………………………………... 5
Figure 6 – ……………............................................................................................................... 7
Figure 7 – ……………............................................................................................................... 9

List of Tables
Table 1 – ……………………………………..……………………........................................................8

Nomenclature
VDD = DC Voltage Source
Vdd = AC Volatge Source
Iref = Reference Current
Etc.

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Theoretical Background
Resistors come in a variety of values, forms, and physical dimensions. Nearly all
through-hole resistors, with a power rating of up to one watt, feature a set of colored
bands used to convey information about their resistance value, tolerance, and
sometimes their temperature coefficient. These bands can range from three to six in
number, with four bands being the most commonly encountered configuration. The
initial bands consistently denote numerical values in the resistance, followed by a
multiplier band that indicates shifting the decimal point either to the right or left. The final
bands convey information ab out tolerance and the temperature coefficient.

Figure 1
Objective
In this section, we investigated:
1. Lab policies & Lab Safety Rules

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2. The use of breadboard.
3. Resistor color codes and capacitor codes.

4. The equipment will be used during this laboratory.

Figure 2

2
Introduction
In a laboratory setting, breadboards serve as indispensable tools for
electrical engineers, students, and researchers. They are key to rapid
prototyping, circuit design, and experimentation.
Layout of a Breadboard
1. Rows, Columns, and Tie Points
• A standard breadboard is typically divided into rows, columns, and tie
points.
• Rows run horizontally and are usually labeled with numbers (e.g., 1 to
30).
• Columns run vertically and are typically labeled with letters (e.g., A to
J).
• Tie points are the holes where components are inserted and
connected.

Figure 3
2. Power Buses
• Breadboards have dedicated power buses, often marked as red
(positive) and blue (negative or ground).
• Power buses run alongside the rows and provide power to
components.
3. Distribution Strips

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 • Distribution strips run alongside the columns and are connected to
the rows.
• They serve as an additional means to distribute power or create
common connections.
Using Breadboards in the Lab
1. Component Placement
• Components are inserted into tie points, ensuring their legs contact
the metal clips beneath.
• Proper orientation of components is crucial.
2. Power Connections
• Power and ground connections are established by connecting them
to the respective power buses on the breadboard.
• Use jumper wires to connect components and create the desired
circuits.
3. Neat and Compact Layout
• Arrange components in an organized and compact manner to
minimize the risk of loose connections and short circuits.

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 The equipment will be used during this laboratory

Figure 4
I. Digital Multi Meter(DMM)

Figure 5

How to Use the Functions of a DMM

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 1. Voltage Measurement
• Set the DMM's function selector to the voltage (V) setting.
• Ensure the appropriate range is selected (higher than the expected
voltage).
• Connect the red test led to the positive side and the black test led to
the negative side of the circuit or component.
• Read the voltage measurement from the DMM display.
• Important: When measuring voltage, the DMM should be connected
in parallel with the circuit or component, meaning it is connected
across the component or points of interest.
2. Current Measurement
• Set the DMM's function selector to the current (A) setting.
• Ensure the appropriate range is selected (higher than the expected
current).
• Connect the DMM in series with the circuit, breaking the circuit path.
• Read the current measurement from the DMM display.
• Important: When measuring current, we get power probe connected to
DMM
3. Resistance Measurement
• Set the DMM's function selector to the resistance (Ω) setting.
• Ensure the appropriate range is selected (higher than the expected
resistance).
• Connect the test leads to the component or circuit under the test.
• Read the resistance measurement from the DMM display.
• Important: Do not measure the components when it still attached
in the circuit because the results maybe incorrect.
4. AC Measurements

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 • For AC voltage and current measurements, set the DMM to the AC
function and select the appropriate range. Follow the same
connection procedures as for DC measurements.
• The DMM will provide RMS (Root Mean Square) values.
5. Continuity Testing
• Many DMMs have a continuity test function. Set the DMM to
continuity mode.
• Touch the test probes to the two points being tested. If a continuous
circuit is detected, the DMM will emit an audible beep or display
continuity on the screen
• Power Supply

Figure 6
To use the Power Supply:
• Step 1: Turn on the device and set all the Current and Voltage buttons to
zero values. (Light Signal stays RED) Light Signals Output Control Three
Control Modes One Fixed 5V VDC Source Two Adjustable VDC Source
• Step 2: Attach the red wire to the Hotwire and black wire to the Ground to
supply the power for your circuit.
• Step 3: Turn the Voltage button to the required value and slowly increase
the Current button until the Light Signal turns GREEN.
• Step 4: Turn on the Output button. (If the Light Signal turn RED, check
your circuit again, it maybe shorted circuit)

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Experimental Procedure

Table1

Nguyễn Đào Anh Khôi Nguyễ Trần Thuận

n Đình Thành
Ngọc
Huy
a. Reading the Resistors
150 ohm, 5% =Brown- 56K ohm, 5% = Green-
Green-Brown-Gold Blue-Orange-Gold
270 ohm, 5% =Red-Purple- 1K ohm, 5% = Black-
Brown-Gold Brown-Orange-Gold
3300 ohm, 5% =Orange- 1M ohm, 5% =Black-
Orange-Red-Gold Brown-Blue-Gold
420 ohm, 2% =Yellow-Red- 100000 ohm, 5% = Brown-
Brown-Red Black-Yellow-Gold
33K ohm, 5% =Orange- 390 ohm, 5% =Orange-
Orange-Orange-Gold White-Brown-Gold
1 ohm, 1% = Black-Brown- 3300 ohm, 5% =Orange-
Black-Brown Orange-Red-Gold
1200 ohm, 5% =Brown-Red- 330K ohm, 2% = Orange-
Red-Gold Orange-Yellow-Red
220 ohm, 1% = Red-Red- 47 ohm, 5% =Yellow-
Brown-Brown Purple-Black-Gold
3900 ohm, 2% = Orange- 10K ohm, 5% =Brown-
White-Red-Red Black-Orange-Gold
10K ohm, 5% = Brown- 1500 ohm, 2% =Brown-
Black-Orange-Gold Green-Red-Red

b. Measure the Resistor values

Each student goes to the counter and randomly picks
5 resistors. Read the nominal value from the color
bands and use the DMM to measure the actual
values of the resistors.
The color band: Brown-Black-Orange-Gold

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 Figure 7
The nominal value:10KΩ The actual
±5% value:9.882kΩ

The color band: Grey-Black-Red-Gold

The nominal value: 8KΩ±5% The actual

value:8.121KΩ

The color band of resistor: Orange-Orange-Orange-Gold

The nominal The actual value:

value:33KΩ±5% 33.32KΩ

The color band of resistor: Blue-White-Yellow-Gold

The nominal value: The actual value:

68x10KΩ±5% 678KΩ

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 The color band of resistor: Brown -Green Orange-Gold

The nominal value: 15KΩ±5% The actual value: 14.940 KΩ

Experimental Results
The following is the safe state for constructing an electric circuit:

- Prior to establishing a connection between the circuit and the power

source, it is imperative to meticulously set the voltage output
precisely to 5V and finely adjust the current to a controlled 0.5A. This
meticulous calibration serves as a prudent safety measure, effectively
mitigating the risk of any inadvertent short-circuit occurrences.
Raising the voltage beyond this specified threshold could potentially
impose an excessive load on the resistor, resulting in the undesirable
consequence of electronic devices incineration and possible damage

Power Supply:

- When the machine's indicator switches from constant voltage (C.V) to

constant current (C.C), it signifies the onset of an overload condition.
During this phase, the current experiences a significant surge,
necessitating an immediate shutdown.

Digital Multi-Meter (DMM):

- When measuring resistance, it is advisable to remove the resistor
from the circuit and insert one probe into the resistor while placing the
other probe into any component within the circuit.

- When measuring current, it is recommended not to perform a direct

measurement at the machine's mA level, as negligence can potentially
lead to damage of the internal fuse. This particular fuse serves as a

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 safeguard for the machine, breaking when subjected to excessive
current levels.
Discussion of Results

- In comparison to Ohm's Law and the real-world test results, it can be

concluded that utilizing a Digital Multi-Meter (DMM) for measuring resistor
values is associated with an error margin falling within the range of 5-10%.

- In this lab session, we experienced how the fuse work and method to
check out whether one is still working or not.

=>To perform this task, utilize a multimeter by adjusting the selector knob to
continuity measurement mode. Position one probe on one end of the fuse and
the other probe on the opposite end. If the DMM emits a beep, it indicates that
the fuse is open, signifying its operational status as intact. This outcome
affirms the absence of any broken connections within the fuse.

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