Unit I: Introduction to Cloud Computing

1. Define Cloud Computing:

Cloud Computing refers to the on-demand delivery of computing resources such as
servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics over the internet. It
eliminates the need for businesses to own physical infrastructure and enables access to
resources on a pay-as-you-go basis.
2. Write briefly about Virtual Machines:
A Virtual Machine (VM) is a software-based emulation of a physical computer. It allows
multiple operating systems (OS) to run simultaneously on a single physical hardware
system. VMs are used to optimize resource utilization and enable portability and isolation
between applications.
3. Identify two advantages of Distributed Computing:
o Scalability: Distributed systems can handle increased workloads by adding more
machines.
o Resource Sharing: Enables sharing of computing power, storage, and other
resources across a network to optimize performance.
4. Identify advantages and disadvantages of Parallel Computing:
o Advantages:
 Increased processing speed by dividing tasks across multiple processors.
 Efficient use of system resources for high-performance tasks.
o Disadvantages:
 Debugging and synchronization can be complex.
 High cost due to specialized hardware.
5. List drawbacks of Grid Computing:
o Complex Setup: Requires significant effort to configure and maintain the
infrastructure.
o Network Dependency: Performance is heavily reliant on the speed and reliability
of the network.

Unit II: Cloud Models and Services

1. What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing involves providing computing services (such as servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, etc.) over the internet. It eliminates the need for
businesses to maintain their own IT infrastructure.
2. Define Grid Computing:
Grid Computing is a distributed computing model that links multiple computers to solve
large-scale computational problems. It utilizes idle resources across a network to achieve
a common goal.
3. Define Hybrid Cloud:
A Hybrid Cloud combines private and public cloud environments to allow seamless
sharing of data and applications between them. It offers the flexibility to use public
resources for scalability while keeping sensitive data in private environments.
 4. What is the benefit of scalability in Cloud Computing?
o Scalability allows businesses to dynamically adjust their IT resources based on
demand.
o It helps save costs by provisioning resources only when needed.
5. Explain Cloud Optimization:
Cloud Optimization involves improving the performance and cost-efficiency of cloud
services. Techniques include right-sizing resources, automating workloads, and
implementing cost-control measures to maximize benefits while minimizing waste.

Unit III: Virtualization and Cloud Architectures

1. Define Eucalyptus:
Eucalyptus (Elastic Utility Computing Architecture for Linking Your Programs to Useful
Systems) is an open-source cloud computing framework. It enables the creation of private
or hybrid clouds using existing data center infrastructure.
2. Write about Distributed Management of Virtualization:
Distributed Management in virtualization involves managing virtual machines across
multiple physical servers in a network. It ensures load balancing, fault tolerance, and
optimal utilization of resources.
3. Compare OCCI and OGF:
o OCCI (Open Cloud Computing Interface): A set of standards for managing
cloud computing resources, such as compute, storage, and networking.
o OGF (Open Grid Forum): A standardization body focusing on grid computing
technologies and interoperability.
4. Define Virtual Machine Migration Services:
VM Migration services allow moving virtual machines from one physical host to another
without disrupting operations. This is used for load balancing, energy efficiency, or
hardware maintenance.
5. What is RVWS Design in Cloud Computing?
RVWS (Resource Virtualization and Workload Scheduling) involves designing cloud
systems to optimize the allocation of virtualized resources to workloads, ensuring
efficient usage and performance.

Unit IV: Advanced Cloud Computing

1. What is Federated Cloud Computing?

Federated Cloud Computing integrates multiple cloud environments (private and public)
into a unified ecosystem. It allows organizations to share resources across different
clouds while maintaining data control and security.
2. Define SLA (Service Level Agreement):
SLA is a formal agreement between a cloud service provider and a customer. It defines
the expected service levels, including uptime, performance, security, and support.
 3. List two Performance Metrics for HPC (High-Performance Computing):
o Latency: Time taken to complete a task or process a request.
o Throughput: The number of tasks or processes completed in a given time frame.
4. What are Cloud Mashups?
Cloud Mashups combine multiple cloud-based services into a single integrated
application or solution. For example, combining a cloud-based database with a map
service to create a location-based application.
5. Role of AWS in Cloud Application Architecture:
Amazon Web Services (AWS) provides tools and services like EC2 (Elastic Compute
Cloud), S3 (Simple Storage Service), and Lambda that enable developers to build,
deploy, and scale cloud applications efficiently.

Unit V: Cloud Adoption and Challenges

1. What is Organizational Readiness in Cloud Computing?

Organizational readiness refers to the preparedness of an organization to adopt cloud
computing. It includes assessing infrastructure, training employees, and aligning business
processes.
2. Define Data Security in Cloud:
Data security in the cloud involves implementing measures such as encryption, access
control, and compliance to protect data from unauthorized access, breaches, and loss.
3. List two Legal Issues in Cloud Computing:
o Data Jurisdiction: Determining which country’s laws apply to data stored in the
cloud.
o Privacy Regulations: Ensuring compliance with privacy laws like GDPR or
HIPAA.
4. What does Production Readiness mean in Cloud Services?
Production readiness ensures that cloud services, applications, and infrastructure are
stable, scalable, and secure for deployment in a live environment.
5. What is Change Management in Cloud Computing?
Change management involves strategies and processes to handle the transition to cloud
services. It includes planning, employee training, and evaluating the impact of changes
on business operations.