Respuestas, 26 (1) January-March 2021, pp.

6-21, ISSN 0122-820X

Journal of Engineering Sciences

Original Article https://doi.org/10.22463/0122820X.2862

Determination of Wind potential in the municipality of Guasca and its viability in
power generation
Determinación del potencial eólico en el municipio de Guasca, Cundinamarca y su viabilidad en la generación de
energía
Duban Estiven Gantiva-Rodríguez1, Juan Antonio Aragón-Moreno2*
1
Estudiante de Ingeniería, Universidad Libre Seccional Bogotá, Sede El Bosque, dubane-gantivar@unilibre.edu.co, 000-0001-9695-0018, Bogotá, Colombia.

M.Sc. Meteorología. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, jaaragonm@unal.edu.co, 0000-0003-2768-9082, Bogotá, Colombia.

2

How to cite: D.E. Gantiva-Rodríguez, J.A. Aragón-Moreno, “Determinación del potencial eólico en el municipio de Guasca, Cundinamarca y su
viabilidad en la generación de energía”. Respuestas, vol. 26, no. 1, 6-21.
Received: February 07, 2020; Approved: April 5, 2020

ABSRACT
Keywords: Debido a la reducida cantidad de estudios de energía eólico al interior de Colombia, el objetivo
de este estudio es determinar el potencial eólico del municipio de Guasca así como su viabilidad
Wind potential, Guasca,
Windographer, Power density, en la generación de energía, para ello se recolectaron los datos correspondientes a los años de
ArcGIS. 2017, 2018 y 2019 de las estaciones meteorológicas que pudiesen medir datos de velocidad de
viento tanto dentro del municipio como en los alrededores del mismo (Páramo Chingaza, PNN
Chingaza y PTAR Tocancipá) para luego analizar los datos con ayuda del software Windographer.
La información generada a partir del análisis muestra que los valores más altos en velocidad de
viento proceden del sur del municipio los cuales alcanzan los 4 m/s, así mismo se observa que el
flujo del viento en el municipio proviene principalmente desde el este y atraviesa el municipio en
dirección oeste. Los análisis de densidad de potencia mostraron que la mayor oferta energética
se encuentra al sur del municipio, donde los valores de densidad de potencia alcanzan los 40
W/m2, para evaluar esta oferta eólica se realizó una búsqueda de turbinas eólicas que pudiesen
aprovechar las condiciones del municipio, mostrando una generación energética que oscila entre
19,669.02 KWh y 42,711.59 KWh lo que puede considerarse útil para la autosuficiencia a nivel
residencial.

RESUMEN
Palabras Clave: Due to the reduced number of wind energy studies in the interior of Colombia, the objective of this
study is to determine the wind potential of the municipality of Guasca as well as its viability in energy
Potencial eólico, Guasca,
Windographer, Densidad de generation, for this the data corresponding to the years of 2017, 2018 and 2019 of the meteorological
potencia, ArcGIS. stations that could measure wind speed data both within the municipality and in its surroundings was
gathered (Páramo Chingaza, PNN Chingaza and PTAR Tocancipá) and then data was analyzed with the
help of the Windographer software. The information generated from the analysis shows that the highest
values in wind speed come from the south of the municipality, which reach 4 m/s, likewise it is observed
that the wind flow in the municipality comes mainly from the east and crosses the municipality to the
west. The power density analyzes showed that the greatest energy supply is located in the south of the
municipality, where the power density values reach 40 W/m2, to evaluate this wind supply a search was
carried out for wind turbines that could take advantage of the conditions of the municipality, showing an
energy generation that ranges between 19,669.02 KWh and 42,711.59 KWh, which can be considered
useful for self-sufficiency at the residential level.

*Corresponding author.
E-mail Address: jaaragonm@unal.edu.co (Juan Antonio Aragón-Moreno)
Peer review is the responsibility of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander.
This isPeer reviewunder
an article is thethe
responsibility
license CC of the Universidad
BY-NC 4.0 Francisco de Paula Santander.
This is an article under the license CC BY-NC-ND
 Duban Estiven Gantiva-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Aragón-Moreno

Introduction

Energy constitutes a fundamental part of human daily life and for the development of society, an immaterial and
fundamental component of the universe as well as something vital for civilization [1] [2]. Wolfgang Bauer and Gary
Westfall state the importance of energy as follows: "No physical quantity is more important in our daily life than
energy". [3] For decades this growing need for energy was covered mainly by fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural
gas, which generated social, environmental and social problems such as problems of air pollution resulting from
the waste of these fuels known as greenhouse gases. [4] [5] The international contribution of fossil fuels, although
it has decreased since in 2011 oil accounted for 40% of the energy consumed in the world, five percent less than in
2001, while coal and natural gas accounted for 25% and 21% respectively, still maintains these energy sources as the
main and most important in the world. [6] This is in large part because various political and social actors justify the
dependence on these fuels for their economic and geopolitical interests. [6]

Due to the increasing demand for energy worldwide, the growing interest in the effects of climate change, and the desire
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energies, such as wind energy, are growing rapidly [7] Renewable
energies -in this case, wind energy- as described by the Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology, and Environmental
Studies -IDEAM-, are nowadays valuable resources, cleaner than those originated in fossil sources, these resources
are increasingly competitive, especially if we take into consideration that they allow auguring a more sustainable
development on Earth. [8] Wind energy is the electrical energy obtained from the wind. i.e. from a certain point of
view, wind energy can be understood as an indirect form of solar energy since it is the heat produced by the sun that
causes the air masses to move by causing variations in pressure, wind energy varies greatly from one place to another
due to the irregularities of the terrain. [9] [10] Wind power has commonly been used to pump groundwater to the
surface or to grind grain into flour, but modern wind power plants generate electricity for homes, factories, etc. [11]
To generate wind energy, it is necessary to take into account something fundamental about the wind, and that is that
two data are of interest, above all: course and speed. [12] The wind direction changes in time which are connected
to the behaviour of the temporal wind flow caused by different geographical and atmospheric factors. [13] Among
these are factors such as the Coriolis force which is mainly produced by the rotation of the earth, however, it should
be clarified that this force does not generate wind but modifies the direction of the air masses; it should also be
noted that in the equatorial zone this force is null. [11] [14] It is also worth mentioning that in the equatorial zone
this force is null, in this zone the trade winds are present instead. The Coriolis force together with the influence of
high-pressure zones causes the flow of these very constant currents of wind from east to west in the equatorial zone
known as the Intertropical Convergence Zone.[11] [12] The wind direction is also affected by different geographical
and atmospheric factors: the force produced by the pressure gradient increases the wind speed, which is evident in
places with strong winds that in turn evidence high-pressure gradients. [11] [12] On the other hand, friction decreases
wind speed, especially during the first 1.5 km of the Earth's atmosphere; this friction is mainly because the air masses
are in constant friction with the ground and geographical accidents. [11]

In recent years, significant progress has been made in this field, proof of this is the wind energy studies conducted
throughout the world such as China where a wind potential study was conducted in Jiangsu [15] Thailand, where a
wind potential study was carried out in the Hat Yai campus of the Prince of Songkla University. [2] Multi-criteria
analysis for the offshore wind potential in Egypt [16]. Kaoga et al. [17] conducted a study of wind potential in the far
north of Cameroon highlighting the geography of the region which is part of the Mandara Mountains. [17] Nawri et al.
[18] carried out a study of wind potential in Iceland. [18] In the region of Baja California, the effects of meteorological
phenomena in the area on the wind potential of the region were studied, [19] an evaluation of the wind potential in the
state of Veracruz (Mexico) [20] among many other studies found at the international level.

At the national level, however, there are few studies on the subject at least in a more specific way. Besides the Jepirachi
wind farm, which is the only wind farm in the country to date, [21] and a small group of wind studies relegated to the
department of La Guajira and the Caribbean coast, there are few studies on the subject, at least in a more specific way.
7 Respuestas, 26 (1), pp. 6-21 , 2021, ISSN 0122-820X - E ISSN: 2422-5053
Determination of Wind potential in the municipality of Guasca and its viability in power generation

[22] [23] A study of the wind resource in Bogota [24] a statistical analysis of wind distribution in the Aburrá Valley
[25] and a study of wind potential in the Chontales páramo. [26] This shows little interest in the subject at the national
level, relegating research to the Caribbean coast and specific locations in urban areas, leaving aside other locations
that may present suitable conditions for wind power generation, therefore, this study can open a new perspective on
the field of wind energy and new points of view in its implementation, likewise, this study can be a starting point for
the implementation of wind energy systems on a larger scale in the country, or in mountain areas similar to the study

Methodology

Study Area

The present research was conducted in the municipality of Guasca, located in the department of Cundinamarca,
Guasca has an average temperature of 13 °C and is located at an altitude of 2,800 Height above mean sea level. It
is located between the cold and paramo thermal floors. [27] To the east, the town is surrounded by the Chingaza
National Natural Park, [27] [28] towards the northwest is the Tominé Reservoir. [29] Finally to the west is the Pionono
hill in the neighboring municipality of Sopó. [30]

Figure 1. Location of Study Area.

Materials and Methods

Search for meteorological stations: For the present research, the search for meteorological stations that could
measure wind speed and direction present in the study area or adjacent to it was carried out, once these stations were
located, the request for information was made to the entities that own them (for this case they were the Corporación
Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca - CAR, and the Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales
- IDEAM) discarding according to the available information those stations that did not have enough data to be used
in the subsequent analyses, finally obtaining the following stations (Table I):

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 Duban Estiven Gantiva-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Aragón-Moreno

Table I. Geographical Location of the Meteorological Stations Selected for the study.

It should be clarified that a fourth meteorological station located in the municipality of Guatavita was used which,
although it does not have data on wind speed or direction, due to its history of having recorded such data in the past
and its geographical location was useful to perform the corresponding interpolation work of the subsequent analysis.
In that sense, it was also considered a station located within the study area called "Santa Cruz de Siecha", but in the
end, it had to be discarded due to lack of data for the year 2019.

Figure 2. Geographical location of the stations consulted, highlighting the stations that were discarded due to lack of data

Quality Control of Data Obtained: For the present research, daily frequency data series corresponding to the years
2017, 2018 and 2019 were used. To obtain greater reliability of the data, an initial quality control process was carried
out, which consisted of eliminating inconsistent data from the series -for example, negative speed data-, and data
whose values were three times greater than the standard deviation obtained in the statistical description of the series
were also eliminated.

Data Filling: To obtain the total reliability of the data obtained it was also necessary to perform a data filling
process which consists of filling any data gaps in the series (Table II) using mathematical methods. For this study,
the Windographer program was used, which can perform data filling through a stochastic process known as Markov
Chains. [31] This process can be defined as any process in which the probability of a future event can be predicted
based only on the immediately preceding events, which implies that the Markov chain and the events that compose it
will show identical behavior at any moment in time in which it is observed. [32] [33] [34]

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Determination of Wind potential in the municipality of Guasca and its viability in power generation

Table II. Percentage of missing data per station.

Statistical analysis of the data: Having obtained reliability in the data we proceed to perform the corresponding
statistical analysis of the data using the Weibull probability distribution. The probability distributions are mathematical
models that serve to determine the probability of occurrence or the behavior of a variable, data or series of data; In the
case of wind, a variety of probability distributions can be used to describe the properties of the wind such as direction
and speed, as well as the Weibull distribution is widely considered as the probability distribution of occurrence. [35]
Likewise, the Weibull distribution is widely considered to be the most suitable probability distribution for analyzing
wind speed data given the variety of curves that can result from the use of different parameters related to this wind
characteristic.[34][25][36] The Weibull function is characterized by two parameters: a scale parameter and a shape
parameter; the scale parameter defines how sparse the distribution is while the shape parameter defines the shape of
the distribution [37]

Weibull Probability Function. Source. [25]

Cumulative Weibull function. Source. [25]

For this study we used the statistical function of the Windographer program, which can import and analyze wind
resource information from different formats and automatically detect the structure of the same, allowing a quick
quality control and statistical analysis. [31][38]

Statistical description of the data: once the data quality control was performed, the corresponding statistical
analysis was carried out, which consisted basically in obtaining the measures of central tendency of the data series
(mean, standard deviation, variance, box plot). [34][35][36] This was a dominion to study the behavior of the data
series and to be able to have more clarity about the possible results of the subsequent analysis.

Wind Direction Description: To develop the description of the wind direction it was not possible to use the
WRPLOT program because this program only elaborates wind roses from hourly frequency data series, therefore,
being the data of this study daily frequency, we chose the special tool for wind roses of the Windographer program.
[39,p.40] Therefore, as the data for this study is of daily frequency, we opted for the special tool for wind roses of the
Windographer program, [31] with which the wind roses of the three stations within the study period were elaborated,
which allowed determining the predominant direction of the wind. [19] These roses plot the direction of the wind flow
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 Duban Estiven Gantiva-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Aragón-Moreno

showing where the wind comes from, which is useful for the development of the spatial analysis of the wind roses.

Spatial and vector analysis of the wind: Once the wind roses were obtained, we proceeded to make a map that
would allow us to observe the wind behavior in the study area, allowing us to establish the predominant wind direction
for each station. [16][20] The wind roses were then mapped to establish the predominant direction of the wind for
each station. Likewise, using the statistical data obtained through the Weibull distribution and the wind direction
data obtained with the wind roses, these data were georeferenced in the MAGNA Colombia Bogotá projected flat
coordinate system in ArcGIS™ software. Then the geostatistical interpolation of the data was performed using the
inverse distance weighted method (IDW) of the predominant wind direction and speed data to generate a vector
representation of both speed and direction, [40] which allows the identification of wind flow parameters in the area as
well as their relationship with the local geography thus establishing the wind regime of the municipality.

Wind energy analysis: To carry out the energy analysis of the municipality, the Windographer program was used
once again, this time a special tool was used that allows the analysis of the power density of the data series in W/m2
as well as the classification of the wind according to the energy it can produce. [31] Once these data were obtained,
we proceeded to georeference them in the coordinate system mentioned above in the ArcGIS™ software, then the
geostatistical interpolation of the energy data was performed in the same way that was done with the wind data,
to obtain fields of equal energy magnitude within the municipality which allows identifying areas of high energy
density that can be used to generate energy.

Determination and selection of wind turbines: Consequently, with the energy data of the municipality, a review
of the possible wind turbines capable of generating energy with the conditions present in the municipality was
carried out, taking into account the factory specifications of the turbines consulted, such as turbine start-up speed,
orientation, number of blades, nominal power, etc. (Tables 3a and 3b), [10][41], etc. (Tables IIIa and IIIb). For practical
purposes, the wind turbine catalog of Windographer [31] because in this catalog can also be found wind turbines that
can be useful for this research.
Table IIIa. Part of the catalogue resulting from the wind turbine review, basic specifications section.

Table IIIb. Part of the catalogue resulting from the wind turbine review, section turbine operating speed.

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Determination of Wind potential in the municipality of Guasca and its viability in power generation

Determination of estimated performance and restrictions of wind turbines: Once the review of wind turbines
and energy data from the study area was done, we proceeded to evaluate the energy that can generate these wind
turbines using the Windographer program which has an application capable of performing analysis of turbine output
power and net energy generated. [38][31] Afterward, possible environmental restrictions - humidity and temperature
- that could affect the generation of energy in the municipality were evaluated.

Analysis of Results

In this section, you will find the results obtained from this research in statistical, spatial and vector matters, as well
as the discussion and comparison with previous studies.

Statistical analysis of the data: To determine the degree of relationship existing between the distribution of the data
and the Weibull probability function, a histogram was used to compare the velocity frequencies of the data with the
Weibull probability, as well as the statistical coefficient of determination that can take a value between zero and one,
where one represents a perfect fit between the distribution of the data and the probability function used, as can be seen
in the following figure, the station Paramo Chingaza a statistical coefficient R2of 0.8052.

Figure 3. Histogram station Páramo Chingaza, R 2=0.8052.

According to the histogram, it can be seen that the winds with the highest frequency are winds with speeds less than
4 m/s, however at a general level the distribution of the data tends to look quite similar to the Gaussian or normal
distribution, this corresponds to the information of the wind atlas of Colombia where the distribution of the wind
speed data also tends to the Gaussian or normal distribution. [42] Regarding the statistical analysis, the Weibull k
shape factor for the analyzed stations was grouped and observed, identifying that the station with the highest value
of this shape factor is the distribution corresponding to the PTAR Tocancipá station with a k= 5.137, followed by the
stations Páramo Chingaza and PNN Chingaza with values of k= 3.169 and k= 2.883 respectively, while about the
Weibull scale factor c the highest value corresponds to the station Páramo Chingaza with a value c= 4.655 followed
by the stations PNN Chingaza and PTAR Tocancipá with values c= 1.955 and c= 1.893 respectively (Table IV), the
latter indicates the potential of the study area according to Azal et al. [43] the higher the value of the factor c is, the
higher the wind potential of the site.[43]

In the study area, a relationship between the standard deviations and the maximum values registered in this set of
stations can be observed, since it is observed that the highest values of standard deviation as well as maximum speed
corresponding to the Páramo Chingaza station with values of 1.406 m/s and 8.388 m/s respectively, in the same way,
the lowest values of standard deviation (0.38 m/s) and maximum speed (3.071 m/s) correspond to the PTAR Tocancipá

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 Duban Estiven Gantiva-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Aragón-Moreno

station. Regarding the frequency tables, these allow observing together with the standard deviation data that the
PNN Chingaza and PTAR Tocancipá stations present the highest stability in wind magnitude since they have a high
percentage of data within the range corresponding to the mean (79.72% and 82.47% respectively) while the Páramo
Chingaza station is the most variable station since 63.01% of the data is outside the interval corresponding to the mean
(Table V).
Table IV. Statistical parameters of the stations in the study area.

Table V. Wind speed frequencies for the study area.

Regarding the averages of the study area (Table IV) it is observed that the station Páramo Chingaza has the highest
value of all averages, with a value of 4.167 m/s compared to the values of the other two stations PNN Chingaza and
PTAR Tocancipá (1.743 m/s and 1.741 m/s respectively), the value shown by the Páramo Chingaza station is similar to
that shown in the Kousseri region in the extreme north of Cameroon where the wind speed values oscillate between
3.29 m/s and 4.38 m/s. [17] .

Wind Direction Description: The following is a description of the information obtained from the wind roses for
each of the stations used in the study period:

Páramo Chingaza: The wind roses of this station show that the wind comes from the south-southeast direction
mainly, followed by a smaller but appreciable tendency of coming from the east directly, indicating that the wind flow
comes from the southeast with direction towards the northeast of the station.

Chingaza NP: The wind roses for this station show a visibly more varied behavior than the other two stations as the
wind seems to come from all directions, highlighting two main trends that show origin from both east and northwest,
this may be due to the location of the station as well as nearby elements that may alter the wind flow near it.

PTAR Tocancipá: The wind roses of this station show a constant behaviour of the wind flow which comes almost
entirely from the east, which shows that the wind flow moves from the east towards the west of the station, a behaviour
that could also occur to the north of the study area.

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Determination of Wind potential in the municipality of Guasca and its viability in power generation

Wind roses for the municipality of Guasca, Stations a) "Páramo Chingaza", b) "PNN Chingaza" and c) "PTAR Tocancipá" respectively.

The information obtained from the wind roses shows a quite unequal behaviour of the wind regime from one station
to another, however all the stations show a common characteristic and that is that the wind flow comes mainly from
the east and crosses the municipality towards the west, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 5. Spatially georeferenced wind roses for the municipality of Guasca.

This behaviour is similar to the observation in the wind potential study by Zamora, Lambert and Montero in Baja
California, where there are also wind trends from the east to the west in the Mexicali region. [19]This behaviour can
be explained at a more general level, because being located between the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, Colombia
is subject to receive the trade winds coming from the northeast in the northern hemisphere and from the southeast in
the southern hemisphere.[22][42]

Spatial and vector analysis of the wind: When performing the spatial and vector analysis of the data it is observed
that the wind flow in the municipality behaves in a very similar way to that shown by the wind roses, according to the
geostatistical analysis two wind currents are observed, the first coming from the northeast through the municipality
of Guatavita, and the second coming from the southeast from the Chingaza páramo, both converge in the municipality
of Guasca with direction towards the west of the municipality. In the same way it can be observed that the highest
wind speeds are found towards the southern region of the municipality, which shows speeds that reach 4 m/s, similar
to what Avellaneda Cusaria's study shows in the Chontales páramo, where it is shown that the average wind speed is
in the interval of 4 and 5 m/s, which is also similar to the results obtained in the study of the Chontales páramo. [26]
It is also similar to the results obtained in the Hatyai campus of the Prince of Songkla University where an average
wind speed of 3.86 m/s is shown. [2]

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 Duban Estiven Gantiva-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Aragón-Moreno

Figure 6. Geostatistical and vector analysis of wind speed and direction in the municipality of Guasca.

According to the Beaufort scale, the wind speeds present at the Páramo Chingaza station (4 m/s) correspond to
category 3 winds, i.e. weak breezes. [42] According to the wind atlas of Colombia, winds higher than 3 m/s generally
occur over the mountainous area of the central and eastern cordilleras, which corresponds to the area of the Páramo
Chingaza station. [42] This corresponds to the study area because it is located in the eastern mountain range of the
country.

Wind energy analysis: The energy analysis of the municipality consisted of determining the energy density per unit
area of the data obtained from the meteorological stations consulted, obtaining power density values in W/m2. These
values were then analyzed geostatistically, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 7. Geostatistical analysis of the energy potential for the municipality of Guasca.

According to the previous figure, it can be observed that the Páramo Chingaza station shows the highest energetic
values of all the three stations, which is positive data for the study area since it is the only station that is inside the
study area. It is observed that the highest energy supply is found towards the south of the municipality, since this
region shows power density values that reach 40 W/m 2.

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Determination of Wind potential in the municipality of Guasca and its viability in power generation

The above described corresponds with what is shown by the Nanjing station in Jiangsu province, China shows similar
power density values [15]as well as the wind atlas of Colombia where it is explained -in a very general way- that the
power density values in the Andean region of the country oscillate between 8 W/m2and 125 W/m 2. [42] However,
according to Amaya, Saavedra and Arango, the values shown by the analyzed stations (Table 6) correspond to wind
power class 1 (Poor) because the power density value is below 100 W/m2 . 2[25] Likewise, according to Zhou, Wu
and Liu in their corresponding study, this value corresponds to a poor wind resource zone. [15]
Table VI. Power density and wind power class for the study area.

Determination and selection of wind turbines: To determine if the wind conditions of the municipality are
suitable to generate energy, a search for wind turbine models capable of generating energy from the capacities of the
municipality was carried out, as mentioned above in section 2.2.9. Using the Windographer program, the following
graph was obtained showing the power curves that can generate some of the turbines consulted with the energy
conditions shown by the Páramo Chingaza station.

Figure 8. Wind turbine power curves with the conditions of the study area. Source: Author 2020. [31] .

As shown in the figure above, several turbines can take advantage of the wind potential of the municipality of Guasca
because they can generate energy with wind speeds of less than 4 m/s, which can be translated as good performance
characteristics at low wind speeds, which can be useful for energy self-sufficiency at the residential level. [44] .

Determination of estimated performance and wind turbine constraints: The following is a description and analysis
of the information obtained from the net power generation analysis, as well as the evaluation of the environmental
constraints for the study area.

The estimated performance of wind turbines: When performing turbine performance analysis, it can be observed
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 Duban Estiven Gantiva-Rodríguez, Juan Antonio Aragón-Moreno

that multiple turbines can take advantage of municipal wind conditions, as shown in section 3.5. Among the analyzed
turbines, the models with the highest net average output power and net energy (Table 8) are the Endurance G-3120,
Eocycle EO 25/12 and Proven 15 models, and their net power output is 4.9 kW, 2.2 kW and 2.3 kW, as shown in Table
VII,
TableVII. Net mean power output values obtained were with the values of the study area.

Table VIII. Net energy is produced under the conditions of the study area.

Restrictions to the performance of wind turbines: When analyzing the geographical conditions of the municipality,
it was observed that the south of the study area is almost entirely within the Chingaza National Natural Park, that is,
the area with the greatest energy supply of the study area is almost entirely within a protected area, which may result
in an obstacle to the possible implementation of turbines in the municipality.

Figure 9. Geographic constraints of the study area.

Likewise, when analyzing the humidity and temperature conditions of the study area, it is observed that the
municipality presents temperatures mainly between 6o C and 12o C as well as a relative humidity index that ranges
between 80% and 85% in almost all the territory, which can be a possible obstacle for energy production.

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Determination of Wind potential in the municipality of Guasca and its viability in power generation

Figure 10. Temperature and humidity conditions in the municipality of Guasca.

Conclusions

Based on the observations in the two statistical analyses, it can be established that the highest wind speed data are
found towards the south of the municipality of Guasca, Cundinamarca. According to what was observed in the wind
roses and the spatial analysis of the data, it is established that the wind flow in the municipality of Guasca comes
mainly from the east (both from the southeast as shown in the data of the stations Páramo Chingaza and PNN
Chingaza and from the northeast as shown in the data of the station PTAR Tocancipá) and crosses the municipality
towards the west. The greatest energy supply of the municipality of Guasca is located towards the southern region of
the municipality, which makes it suitable for small-scale energy generation, in aspects such as energy self-sufficiency
at the residential level. However, the analysis of environmental restrictions shows that the southern area of the
municipality of Guasca is almost completely within the territory of the Chingaza National Natural Park, which is an
important obstacle for the possible future implementation of wind energy systems.

In any case, it should be noted that the existence of other stations in the municipality of Guasca that had to be
discarded either because of lack of data or because they did not measure wind speed and direction data indicates that
a more detailed study in this municipality or neighboring municipalities could obtain more promising data than the
present study for the implementation of wind energy systems in the region.

Acknowledgment

I am very grateful to my mother, Mercedes Rodriguez Prito, who is the best woman in the world and the North Star
that illuminates my way forward; this work and this document are dedicated to her.

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