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Carbohydrates Tests

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28 views1 page

Carbohydrates Tests

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navyajumari75
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Appendix IV : Practical Biochemistry—Principles

QUALITATIVE EXPERIMENTS reduction is carried out in mild acidic medium. Since


acidic medium is not favourable for reduction, only
strong reducing sugars (monosaccharides) give this
Several laboratory qualitative experiments are
test positive. Thus, Barfoed’s test serves as a key
performed to indentify the compounds of biochemical
reaction to distinguish monosaccharides form
importance (carbohydrates, proteins/amino acids,
disaccharides.
non-protein nitrogenous substances) and to detect
the abnormal constituents of urine. The principles of 5. Seliwanoff’s test : This is a specific test for
the reactions pertaining to the most widely employed ketohexoses . Concentrated hydrochloric acid
qualitative tests are described here. dehydrates ketohexoses to form furfural derivatives
which condense with resorcinol to give a cherry red
I. REACTIONS OF CARBOHYDRATES complex.
6. Foulger’s test : This is also a test for ketohexoses.
The carbohydrates used in the laboratory for The furfural derivatives formed from ketohexoses
the qualitative tests include glucose and fructose condense with urea in the presence of stannous
(monosaccharides), sucrose, lactose and maltose chloride to give a blue colour.
(disaccharides) and starch (polysaccharide). The 7. Rapid furfural test : Ketohexoses are converted
principles of the reactions of carbohydrates are to furfural derivatives by HCl which form a purple
given : colour complex with D-naphthol.
1. Molisch test : It is a general test for the detection 8. Osazone test : Phenylhydrazine in acetic acid,
of carbohydrates. The strong H2SO4 hydrolyses when boiled with reducing sugars forms osazones.
carbohydrates (poly- and disaccharides) to liberate The first two carbons (C1 and C2) are involved in
monosaccharides. The monosaccharides get this reaction. The sugars that differ in their
dehydrated to form furfural (from pentoses) or configuration on these two carbons give the same
hydroxy methylfurfural (from hexoses) which type of osazones, since the difference is marked by
condense with D-naphthol to form a violet coloured binding with phenylhydrazine. Thus, glucose,
complex. fructose and mannose give the same type (needle
2. Iodine test : Polysaccharides combine with shaped) of osazones. However, the osazones
iodine to form a coloured complex. Thus, starch of reducing disaccharides differ — maltose gives
gives blue colour while dextrins give red colour sunflower-shaped while lactose powder-puff
with iodine. shaped.
3. Benedict’s test : This is a test for the identification 9. Sucrose hydrolysis test : Sucrose is a non-
of reducing sugars , which form enediols reducing sugar, hence it does not give Benedict’s
(predominantly under alkaline conditions). The and Barfoed’s tests. Sucrose can be hydrolysed by
enediol forms of sugars reduce cupric ions (Cu2+) of concentrated HCl, to be converted to glucose
copper sulfate to cuprous ions (Cu+) which form a and fructose (reducing monosaccharides) which
yellow precipitate of cuprous hydroxide or a red answer the reducing reactions. However, after
precipitate of cuprous oxide. sucrose hydrolysis, the medium has to be
4. Barfoed’s test : The principle of this test is the made alkaline (by adding Na2CO3) for effective
same as that of Benedict’s test except that the reduction process.

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