TOPIC 4 PROJECT enVisionSTEM

Did You Know? range of pitches it can

pròduce
affect the
The size of an instrument can
PIANO

A4
A0

VOCALS
SOPRANO
Frequency
27.5 HZ BASS

STRINGS
Bassoons are VIOLIN
large and
GUITAR
make lower
Piccolos are
pitches.
WOODWINDS small and make
PICCOLO high pitches.
BASSOON

1:1
1:2

Where youpress down ona

guitar string affects the pt
of the string when plucked
Pressing halfway down the
Digital music string produces a pitch an
and music programsto allow musicians, audio technicians,
producers
and visualize sounds. altera tone or pitch, edit music.
octave higher than pressig
the top of the string.

O Your Task:
Youand your Tune Piano a
classmates will
musical pieceinvestigate
You will select a different ways to tune a piano.
for it. and then decide
what tuning sOunds best

168 TOPIC 4
enVision STEM Project nline
/Sana
 Assess
Activity

EXPLORE& REASON
4-1
nthRoots,Radicals. The graph shows y
= x
of x or y so that the
A. Find allpossible values
afidRational point is on the graph.
Exponents (b) (3, 4
(a) (2,
(d) ( 5 , )
(c) (-3, )
SavvasRealize.com
, 4)
() -16)
(e)
(h) , 5)
(g) 7)
that show how
roots and Communicate Precisely Write a precIse set of instructions
CAN...relate a d use B. the arapb
exponents approximate value of /13 using
retional expressions to find an
to simplify each value.
themsolve
and equations. Use the graph to approximate
C. Draw agraph of y= x.
(b) /-5
VOCABULARY (a) 5
(d) Asolution to x³5
index (c) 8
nthroot (f) A solution to x' 8
"radical symbol (e) A solution tox=-5
radicand
roots of real numbers?
are exponents and radicals used to represent
ESSENTIAL QUESTION How

EXAMPLE 1 Find AlII Real nth Roots

roots of 125?
A. What are all the real cube
thatx= c. An nth root can be denoted by
An nth root of a number cis x, such radicand.
a radical symbol with an index of n: VC;cis called the
125, writex=/125.
To represent the real Cube root of
Find the value of xsuch that x*= 125. Recall that complex solutions
to polynomial equations come
To solve x = 125, note that 5² = 125, in pairs. The number of real
SO 5 is a root. roots depends on the degree of
Consider if there are others. the equation.
To determine this, set the expression " odd degree ’ odd number
equalto 0 and factor. of real roots

x3- 125 = 0 " even degree ’ even

number of real roots
(x- 5)(x'+ 5x + 25)
X- 5= 0 gives the root5
MAKE SENSE AND PERSEVERE
x+ 5x+ 25 = 0
Recall that third degree equations
-75.
have three solutions; here, one The discriminant of the expression is 52 - 4(1)(25), or
solution is real and two are The roots are not real.
Complex.
Therefore, 5 is the only real cube root of 125.
CONTINUED ON THE NEXT PAGE

IESSON 4-1 nth Roots, Radicals, and Rational Exponents 160

 EXAMPLE 1 CONTINUED
162
real fourth roots of
B. What are all the
The index is 4andthe radicand is 16. Write x=V16
such that x4= 16
Findthe value of x
equal to 0and factor
Set the expression
x- 16=0

(x?- 4)(x' + 4) = 0
(x +2)(x - 2)(x+
4) = 0
X= 2, -2
roots.
x²+4= 0leads to imaginary The
The real roots of x = 16
are 2 and -2 radical sy(pimbolncipalreN
the positive
numbo
Try It! 1. Find the specitied roots of each
a. real fourth roots of 81
h
rea cube
roots of 64
CONCEPTUAL EXAMPLE 2 Understand Rational Exponents
UNDERSTANDING
A. What is the meaning of the exponent in the expressinn 4
To interpret a rational exponent, look at what happens if
properties of integer exponents to rational exponente you exten
Assume the Power of a Power Property applies to
exponents in the t
STUDY TIP
It is important to recognize
multiple representations of the
(16i) -(24)3= 2=V16
same value so you can select the
form that is most efficient for a 16 is a number you raise to the 4th power to get 16.
given situation.
This means you can define 164 to be V16. or 2.
K.
Ingeneral, for positive integer n, x is defined to be
1

Both the exponent and the radical

symbol V indicate the principal nth root.

B. What is the meaning of the exponent in the expression 27°?

27i-(27i) Rewrite using the Power of a Power
Property.

- (27)2 Use the definition of the exponent;

=32
=9

This means that youcan define 275to be the (27),or 9.

evalu
then
Try It! 2. Explain what each fractional exponent means,
a. 252 b. 325
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170 TOPIC 4 Rational Exponentsand Radical Functions
 ASsess
Activity

Exponents
CONCEPT Interpreting Fractional
a fractional
index of a radicalis equivalent to the denominator of
Tne
exponent.
real number, VC = C
In general, if the nth root of c is a
Furthermore, if mis an iinteger and i_ in lowest terms, then

c7= (cim = (v)m and Vem = (cm)ä = ch.

Rational Exponents
APPLICATION OEXAMPLE 3 Evaluate Expressions With
A. Evaluate the expressions 325, 27 3, 50°.
USE APPROPRIATE TOOLS -2

Many expressions
with integer 32-(3) 27i) Since 50 does not have
roots can be
evaluated using a perfect 4th root, use a
However, when =23 = (3)-2 calculator to approximate:
mental math.
integer, it can 3
the root is not an =8 -
504 ~ 18.80
the power
be efficient to use to
function of a calculator F = )- 2,
compute rational roots.
B. The Fujita scale rating, F, of atornado is represented by
per hour.
where W is the estimated wind speed of the tornado in miles
wind speeds
What is the Fujitascale rating of a tornado with estimated
of 100 mph?

Wind: 100 mph

2
100
F=4.1
=(100)3
2
-2
2 Substitute 100 for W in the formula.

Rewrite the radical using an exponent.

14.1)
(7.09)7 -2 Divide 100 by 14.1.
3.69 2 Evaluate the exponent.
1,69 Subtract.
Atornado with estimated wind speeds of 100 mph is classified as F1
according to the Fujita scale.

TryIt! 3. What is the value of each

expression? Round to the nearest
hundredth if necessary.
a.i6) b. 3.54
LESSON 4-1 nth Roots, Radicals, and
Rational Exponents 171
 nth Roots
OEXAMPLE 4 Simplify
Simplifyeach expression.
A. 32m15 Write the radicand as an
expression to the
5th power.
= 2m3

2m3.
So, 32m15-
Write the radicand as an
COMMON ERROR

You may think that

because B. expression to the 4th power
petect
20 and 8do not have
fourth roots this expression
However, Recall that the y will always
cannot be simplified. be positive and does not
each exponent is amultijple of4, require absolute value.
and: (n =n4m

expression.
Try It! 4. Simplify each
a. -8a69 b. J256x12y24

Equations
EXAMPLE 5 Use nth Roots to Solve
Solve theequation 2x=64. Raise each side of the
2y5 = 64
GENERALIZE equation to the power.
Raise both sides of the equation x5=32
to a power so that the exponent Use Power of a Power Property on the left. and
of thevariable becomes 1. Using
the Power of a Power Property, simplify the rational exponent on the right.
X=2

The solution to the equation is x = 2.

Try It! 5.a. Solve the equation 5x 320.

b. Solve the equation 2p= 162.

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172 TOPIC4 Rational Exponents and Radical Functions
 Assess
Actlvity

x"=c
CONCEPT Solving an Equation in the Form
of both sides by
form x=c find the nth root
To SOlve an equation in the
raisingeach expression to the power.
1 1

APPLICATION OEXAMPLE 6 Use nth Roots to Solve Problems

length 2cm longer than the edge
One cube-shaped container has an edge
larger cube is 729 cm. When
length of asecond cube. The volume of the how much water will spill?
cube,
the larger cube empties into the smaller

729 cm²

MODEL VWITH MATHEMATICS (x+ 2)³ = 729

Use the information in the 1
Raise both sides to
problem to write an equation that lu+ 2)| = (729) the power and solve.
models the situation. X+2 =9

X=7

The volume of the smaller cube is 7², or 343 cm3

The volume of the larger cube is 729 cm3
The amount of water that spills is 729 - 343 = 386.
When the larger cube empties into the smaller cube, 386 cm of water will
spill out.

TryIt! 6.One cube has an edge length 3cm shorter

than the edge
length of a second cube. The volume of the smaller cube is
200 cm. What is the volume of the
larger cube?

LESSON 4-1 nth Roots, Radicals, and

Rational Exponents 173
 Radicals, and Rational Exponents
CONCEPT SUMMARY nth Roots,
Solving an
Relating Radical and
Exponential Forms
Equation in he
a radical is
equivalent to the
To solve an
equation in Fom
xn=G, find the
root theof form
index of
the equation by nth
WORDS The fractional exponent.
denominator of a equivalent
exponent of the radicand is exponent. to the power. raising eachboth
The
numerator of afractional
sid
to the
324-(324)-325 x3 = 1,728
expres
NUMBERS Radical Form 1
1
=(1,728)
5 X= 12

Exponential Form 72gß (72gß) - (W729)

xn=c
ALGEBRA Radical Form 1

Exponential Form c ñ )=Vem X= cn

Do You KNOW HOW?

Do You UNDERSTAND?
Write each expression in radical form.
1 ESSENTIAL QUESTION How are
1 8. 7
exponents and radicals used to represent 7. a5
roots of real numbers?
Write each expression in exponential form.
10 = 10.
2. Error Analysis Kaitlyn said 9. /6 10. p?
Explain Kaitlyn's error.
125, 11. How many real third roots does 1,728 havel
3. Vocabulary In the radical expression
radicand? 15,625 have
what is the index? What is the 12. How many real sixth roots does
4. Use Structure Why is 755 equal to (s) 13. Solve the equation 4x=324.
2x=2,500.
14. Solve the equation
5. Construct Arguments Anastasia said that Simplify each expression.
G8)² =x. is Anastasia correct? 16. /-32xsy30
Explain. 15. 27x12yo
packaged in a cubic
6. Make Sense and Persevere Is it possible 17. A snow globe is volume 64 in.A larg
Container that has andi
for a rational exponent to be an improper also a cube,
shipping container is thanthe
fraction? Explain how 27 is evaluated or longer How
edge length is 8 inches
globe
container.
why it cannot be evaluated. length of the snow larger
fit into the
can
many snow globes
shipping container?

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174 TOPIC 4 Rational Exponents and Radical Functions
 (æ Tutorial
Practice

Scan fora
Multimedia Additional Exercises Available
Online
PRACTICE & PROBLEM SOLVING
UNDERSTAND PRACTICE
each number.
Justice found that the Find the specified roots of
Construct Arguments SEE EXAMPLE1
18.
fifth root of 243x15y5 is 3x'y. IsJustice correct?
Explain your reasoning. 25. the realfourth roots of 81

Make Sense
and Persevere For a show, 26. the real third roots of 343
19. was inflated to have a volume of
each sphere 27. the real fifth roots of 1,024
A1862 in.Explain how to find the radius r of
one ofthe inflated spheres. Use technology to 28. the real square roots of 25
compute your answer.
Rewrite each expression using a fractional
exponent. SEE EXAMPLE 2
29./162 30. 729
V=nr' 31. 2 32. VYb

What is the value of each expression? Round to

the nearest hundredth if necessary. SEE EXAMPLE 3
33. 252 34. -/1255
Simplify each expression. SEEEXAMPLE 4
35. /8y9 36.Vq12z4
20. Error Analysis Describe and correct the error 37. 729a24b 18 38. vg40
astudent made in writing this exponential
expression in radical form. Solve each equation. SEE EXAMPLES
39. 1,125 9x3 40. 6,480 = 5w
41. 270 = 10g3 42. 256 = 4h6

X 43. A small cube has the volume shown. Its side

length is 1.5 in. less than a second, larger cube.
21. Construct Arguments Determine whether What is the volume of the larger cube?
x2 is equal to (X). Explain your SEE EXAMPLE6

reasoning. Volume: 85 in.

22. Use Structure How many third roots does -512
have? Explain your reasoning.
23. Higher Order
Thinking The Milk
formula below calculates theannual interest
an account, F, given astarting
final balance of
balance, S, and
CHOCOLATE
an interest rate, r,
after 10 years.
F= S(1 + )10
When solving for r, why can the
be ignored? negative root
24.
Mathematical
wO legs of a Connections The lengths of the
right
is the length of thetriangle are 4 and 8. What
hypotenuse, in
radicalform? simplest

LESSON 4-1 nth Roots,

Radicals, and Rational
Exponents 175
 SOLVING
G
PRACTICE&PROBLEM ASSESSMENTPRACTICE Praike
48. Determine if each
APPLY
Mathematics A
water-walking ball expression is
write b. Select Yes or No.
44. Model
With approximately4,19 m. Whatis
has a volume
the radius, r,
of
of the ball? Yes No
anoher
a. V3

V= b. (9j
4

d. b4

49. SATIACT Which of the following

45. Make Sense and Persevere
Ahmed received a to 4,096x18y30 gis equiwa
rectanqular prism with
box of gifts. The box is a and the length is Q682.7x15y24
width,
the same height and of the box is 3,456
volume
twice the width. The
in, What isthe height of the box? ©4,096x²y5
2x in. X in.
©682.7x²y5
Mystery X In.
50. Performance Task A milk
processing
uses cylindricalI-shaped containers. TheCOmoa
BOX of the container is equal to the diameterhelafg
the base.

Volume
169.65 ft3

46. Make Sense and Persevere Amelia's bank

account earns interest annually. The equation
shows her starting balance of $200 and her
balance at the end of four years, $220.82. At
what rate, r, did Ameliaearn interest?
220.82 =200(1 +r)
47. Model With Mathematics One measure of a
aba
patient's body surface area is found using the containeris
(H" WWrite this with a fractional Part AThe volume of one needed
expression3,600
exponent.
169.65 ft3, How much
to make the lateral
material is
surface of the shipp
container?
fthãy
shipis20shipoiy
a
Part B The cargo hold of of these
number
What is the largest stackedoni
Containers that could be
other inside the cargo hold?
176 TOPIC 4 Rational lGoOnline|
Exponents and Radical Functions
 Activity V Assess

4-2
Propertiesof
OCRITIQUE &EXPLAIN
Olivia was practicing evaluating and simplifying expressions. Her work for
three expressions is shown.
Exponents and
1. 24 = 400 + 16 = 416
Radicals
2. 3b 9(27) = 270 - 27 = 243
3. V625 = /400 + /225 = 20 + 15 = 35
lSavvasRealize.com

A. Is Olivia's work in the first example correct? Explain your thinking.

properties of B. IsOlivia's work in the second example correct? Explain your thinking.
ICAN... useand radicals to
exponents
simplify radical expressions. C. Is Olivia's work in the third example correct? Explain your thinking.
VOCABULARY D. Make Sense and Persevere What advice would you give Olivia on
simplifying expressions?
"like radicals
radical form
" reduced

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How can properties of exponents and radicals be used to rewrite radical
expressions?

CONCEPT Properties of Rational Exponents

The properties of exponents apply not only to integer exponents, but to

rational exponents as well. Now let m and n represent rational numbers,
with a, b nonnegative real numbers.
Property Example
2
Product of PowNers aM"an= a+n 45.43a
am = am -n
Quotient of Powers
an 3-z4-232
32 9
Power of Power (am) = amn
Power of Product (ab)m = aMbm (16)-=(16-)= 4rß
Negative Exponent a m-1
am

)EXAMPLE 1 Use Properties of Exponents

USE STRUCTURE Howcan you rewrite each expression using the
properties of exponents?
When multiplying numbers with A, 816.81
the same base, adding a
negative
exponent gives the same result as 815.81 . Use the Product of Powers Property.
subtracting its opposite. 812
1
Simplify the exponent.
=9 Evaluate.
Youcan rewrite 81×,813 as 9.
CONTINUED ON THE NEXT PAGE

LESSON 4-2 Properties of Exponents and

Radicals 17
 EXAMPLE 1CONTINUED

B.

Use the Quotient of Powers

COMMON ERROR
Remember to subtract
divide Simplify.
Property.
the exponents, not
not to
them. Be careful 1
write x2 Use the Power of Product arnd Power of
Write in radical form,
PoNer Pr
Youcan rewrite as y² Vx.

1. How can you rewrite each expression using

Try It! the
exponents?

a.
1
b. 2a·(ab)
properties o

32

cONCEPTUAL Use Properties of Exponents to Rewrite

OEXAMPLE 2
UNDERSTANDING
exponents to derive
Radicals
How can you extend the properties of the
radicals? propertieg.
A. How can you rewrite Vab using the properties of exponents?
Vab = (ab)H. Rewrite the radical as a rational exponent
1
= a" Rewrite using the Power of a Product PrODerhy
Rewrite the rational exponents as radicals.
So, Vab = Va Vb.
Youcan use a similar method to showthat =
B. How can you rewrite V16x using the properties of exponents?
16x5 =8². 2x2 Remaining factors of 16
Factors of 16 and x -l8x3.2x? and x that are not perfect
cubes
that are perfect cubes
=2xi2y?
So, 16x5 =2x 2x2.
reduced
Writing the expression as 2x2x2 may be referred to as the nth
perfect
radical form of the expression because all nth roots ofradicals remain
powers in the radicand have been simplified, and no
the denominator.

Try It! 2. How can you rewrite each expression?

a. Va1a865 b. 125x

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178 TOPIC 4 Rational

Exponents and Radical
 Activity MAssess

CONCEPT Properties of Radicals

0OK FOR RELATIONSHIPS Product Property of Radicals Quotient Property of Radicals
of
and The nth root of a product of The nth root of a quotient
ofPowers nonnegative real numbers is equal
The ProductPowers Properties nonnegative real numbers is equal
roots of
Duotientof
Productand
Quotient to the product of the nth roots of to the quotient of the nth
load to thefor
Properties Radicals. those numbers. those numbers.

Vab = Va Vb (ab)" =a'bi b

EXAMPLE 3 Rewrite the Product or Quotient of a Radical

A. What is 16.V8 in reduced radical form?

V16./8 =/16.8 Use the Product Property of Radicals.
- V128 Multiply radicands.
-32.J4 Use the Product Property of Radicals.
- 2/4 Simplify.
In reduced radical form /16.8 is 2/4.
B. What is V8x 2x in reduced radical form?
Use rational exponents.
1
8x .V2r= (8x) . (21) Rewrite using rational exponents.
Write with common index (denominator).
- (8r" (2)2) Use the Product Property of Radicals.
=32y3 Simplify.
In reduced radical form V8xV2x is 32x3
C. What is V9m in reduced radical form?
To rationalize the denominator of an expression, rewrite it so there are
REASON no radicals in any denominator and no denominators in any radical.
Think about the simplest 2n2n To rationalize the denominator,
factor by which you can V9m 9m find a factor so thatacube root
multiply the denominator to of aperfect cube is created.
eliminate the radical. There 2n3m?
are many options, but it is 9m 3m²
more efficient to cho0se the Vonm? 9 is a factor of the perfect cube 27, and m' is
simplest factor. 27m? a factor of m². Multiply the denominator and
6nm? numerator by v3m to create a perfect cube.
3m

2n is
In reduced radical form 2n nm?
V9m 3m

Try It! 3. What is the reduced radical form of each expression?

a b. V27x.3x

LESSON 4-2 Properties of Exponents and Radicals 179

 Add and Subtract Radical
EXAMPLE 4

A. What is the sum of /20 -/16 +/250 /5?

indeX and the
Expressions
Like radicals have the same same radicand.
radicals can be combined with addition and

V20-V16 + V250 - /5
subtraction, Only ke
V20 - V5-V16 + V250 Group radical
STUDY TIP
Use the inverse of the Distributive
2/5 -V5 - 2/2 + 52
mplify each raditermscal termwith
SiFactor
Property tocombine like radicals
(2 -1)\5 +(-2 + 5)2 out the
in the same way that you would
inverse of the radicals with ib
combine like terms. V5 +3/2 Distributtermsive
Combine like radical
The expression V20 - /16 + 250 -V5 is equivalent to J5 +32
APPLICATION B. The design shows the boards needed for bracing the back of
scenery. Will 75 ft of wood be enough for all of
the bracing? some

Let a represent the length of the diagonal for the smaller square nd:
represent the length of the diagonal for the larger square. Determint
the lengths of the diagonals:
Take the square rOot of both
42 + 42 = a2 72+72= b2 sides of the equation and simpli
the radical. Since the contexti
32 = a2 98 = b2 length, the negative solution
442 = a 7V2 =b bedisregarded.
e
There are 3 edges that are 4 ft, 4 edges that are 7 ft, and 2 diagonals
of 4/2 ft and 7/2 ft in oftheboa
length. Determine the total length
3(4) + 4(7) + 2(4/2) + 2(742) = 40 + 22/2
Evaluating the expression, 40 + 22/2 71.1. scenery
So 75 ft ofwood is enough to make the bracing for the set

Try It! 4. How can you simplerform?

a
rewrite each expression in /600-/125
a. 2,000 + /2-/128 b. V20 -
Go OnllneSaanaslasl
180 TOPIC 4 Ratlonal
Exponents and Radical
 Ascess
Acty

Expressions
) EXAMPLE 5 Multiply Binomial Radical
product?
What is the reduced radical form of each
A. V7(2 -/49)
7(2) -/7V49 Use the Distributive Property.
72) -V343 Multiply radicands with like indices.
27-7 Simplify each radical term.
The product is 2/7 -7.

B. (2x - V) (2x - /3)

4x2- 2x/- 2x/3 +/9 Expand the product.
STUDYTIP Combine like terms.
different 4x2- 4x/3 +3
Recallthat there are
the
methods for expanding
factors.
The product is 4x2 - 4x/3 +3.
product of binomial

Y Try It! 5. Multiply.

a. (k-/10)(« +/10) b. V6(5 + 3)

EXAMPLE 6 Rationalize a Binomial Denominator

denominator?
How can you rewrite 2 + /5 without a radical in the
STUDY TIP To rationalize a denominator that has a binomial denominator, multiply by
The product of conjugates the conjugate of the denominator.
is a -b', which eliminates
radicals from the denominator. 12-/ Multiply the numerator and denominator by the
2+ V5 2-5 conjugate of the denominator.
2-V5 Multiply the numerators and the denominators.
4-5
2-5
-1
Subtract the terms in the denominators.
V5 -2 Simplify.
can be rewritten as V5 - 2.
2+/5

Try It! 6. What is the reduced radical form of each expression?

a. 5-42 b. -4x
2-V3 1-VX

LESSON 4-2 Properties of Exponents and

Radicals 181
 Concept
coNCEPT SUMMARY Properties of Radicals Summarv

Product Property
Quotient Property Rationalize the
of Radicals of Radicals Denominator

The nth root ofa quotient To rationalize the

WORDS The nth root of a product is
equal to the product of the isequal to the quotient denominator of an
nth roots of the factors. of the nth roots of the expression,
the multiply by
factors. conjugate
of the
denominator.

ALGEBRA Vab =Va .Nb

NUMBERS
2.V20 = V40 V8_2/2 3 5

/40 =/8.V5 =2/5

Using Properties of Radicals

SIMPLIFY 5 5(x + V8) 5x + 5/8

32x9 -V16x8.V2x X-V8 x+ V8 x+ xV8 - xV8 8 x2-8
= 2y22x
Since the denominator is a binomial.
Find factors that have multiply the numerator and the
aperfect 4th root. denominator by the conjugate of
the denominator.

Do You UNDERSTAND? Do You KNOW HOW?

ESSENTLAL QUESTION How can What is the reduced radical form of each
1.
properties of exponents and radicals expression?
be used to rewrite radical expressions? 3
5. 494. 4g 4 6.
2. Vocabulary How can you determine if
aradical expression is in reduced form?

3. Use Structure Explain why (-64) equals 7.1,024xyl? 8.

-643 but (-64)7 does not equal -642.

4. Error Analysis Explain the error in
Julie's work in rewriting the radical 9. V63 - /700 -112 10. /5(6 + 2)
expression.
3.-12=-3(-12) = V36 =6 11. 12.
/5 +3

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182 TOPIC 4 Rational Exponents and Radical Functions L3Go
 PRACTICE& PROBLEM SOLVING Scan for Practice 3 Tutorlal
Multimedia Additional Exercises Available Onllne
a
VNDERSTAND
4
PRACTICE
WithMathematics In the expression PV? What is the reduced radical form of each
Model presSure and /represents
12 Prepresentsthe expression? sEE EXAMPLE 1
fa sample of a gas.
volumeof Evaluate the
19.G)() 20. 2b 3b')
the P=7 and V= 8.
expressionfor 1

Reason Describe
the possible values of k such 21.(.) 22.
16c14
l81d18
14. 32+ Jk can be rewritten as asingle What is the reduced radical form of each
that
term. expression? SEE EXAMPLE 2
Error Analysis Explain why the following work 23. 250y',4 24. V256v7y12
15. incorrect. Find the correct answer.
is
25. |48x3 Z6.56xys
3xy2
27. V216m 28. 250fg²
=20-25i 2fg
= 15
X What is the reduced radical form of each
expressiont? SEE EXAMPLE 3
29. y.32'y 18n2
30. 24n
46 Communicate Precisely Discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of first rewriting
31. 3x2..9y? 32. 162a
6a3
27 +/48 +/147 in order to estimate its
decimal value.
3.J2pq .2f20'q 34.

17. Higher Order Thinking Write 5 in two

different ways, one where the numerator is 35. V6.16 36.
simplified and another where the denominator
is rationalized. What is the reduced radical form of each
expression? SEE EXAMPLE 4
18. Construct Arguments Justify each step used in
simplifying the expression below. 37. 4/81- 2/72-/24 38. 645y2 - 4420y
39. 3/12-/54 +775 40. V32h + 4/98h - 3/50h
Multiply. SEE EXAMPLE 5
41. (3/p - V5)\JP +5/5) 42. (4m -3)\4m -V3)
43. (3/2 + 8)(342 - 8) 44. /3(5/9 - 4)
What is the reduced radical form of each
expression? SEE EXAMPLE 6
20
45. 46.
3+ V2
47. 3+v8 48.-2
2-2/8 3+ X

LESSON 4-2 Properties of Exponents and Radicals 183

 PROBLEM SOLVING
C PRACTICE & ASSESSMENT PRACTICE
Praci e
APPLY
53. Aaron is rewriting 1t 3
49. Model With
Mathematics A triangular
rope. form. Determine if
5-3
into reduced radhe
Aaron would
swimming area is marked off by a steps below to show his
a. If a woman swims
around the perimeter of
how far will she swim?
work. Selheactve writen
the swimming area, Yes No
the roped off section? 6 + 4V3-3
b. What is the area of
25 + 9
5 + V3 + 5V3 +V9
25 + 5V3-5V3-Vg
4 +3V3
11

400 m 200V3
m
20 V6 m 8+ 6V3
28
5+6V3+3
25-3

54. SAT/ACT Which

200 V3 m expression cannot be
200 m as -10?

V25.-8
rewrte
-125.V16
50. Use Structure The interest rate r required to
©1,000 -/25.-32
increase your investment p to the amount a
J4.-125
1
in m months is found by r= ( - 1 . What 55. Performance Task The volume of a sphere of
interest rate would be required to increase radius r is V=nr.
your investment of $3,600 to $6,400 over Part A Use the formula to find r in terms ofy
7 months? Round your answer to the nearest Rationalize the denominator.
tenth of a percent.
Part B A snowman is made using three
51. Use Structure The length of a rectangle is spherical snowballs. The top snowball for the
(2 + V5)y. The width is (4 + 3/5)z. What is the head has a volume of 500 in.5. What is the
area of the rectangle? diameter of the top snowball?
V= 500 in.3

V= 750 in3

(4+3V5 )z
(2+V5)y
V= 1,000 in.
52. Model With
Mathematics A snowbal

boardroom table is J440 ft rectangular

by v20 ft. Find its othertwo
area. Part C The volumes of the
t tallisthe
in., How
are 750 in,3 and 1,000
snowman?
Go OnlineSavassRealz
184 TOPIC 4 Rational Exponents and Radical Functions
 a Activity Assess

4-3
GraphingRadical
EXPLORE&REASON
Consider the formula for the area of a square: A =s
FunctionsS A. Graph the function that represents area as a function of side length.
B. On the same set of axes, graph the function that represents side lengtn
as a function of area.
SavvasRealize.com
C. Look for Relationships How are the two graphs related?

|CAN...graphand
transform radical functions.

VOCABULARY
"radicalfunction

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How can you use what youknow about transformations of functions to
graph radical functions?

) EXAMPLE 1 Graph Square Root and Cube Root Functions

Graph the following functions. What are the domain and range of each
function? Is the function increasing or decreasing?
A. fo) = 3x
Make a table of values and graph.

0 3 12 27
For ease, choose x-values that make
0 6 the radicand a perfect square.

For asquare root function, the radicand cannot be negative, so the

domain of the function is (xlx>0).

6
LOOK FOR RELATIONSHIPS Radical functions do not have
How does the graph of the a horizontal asymptote; they
tunction shown compare to the grow without limit.
graph of its parent function?
X
0
0 6 12 18 24

The solution to a square root function always returns a positive value or

0, so the range is (yly>0). As x increases, y increases, so the function is
increasing.
B. gl) = 2x
Make a table of values, and graph.

X-13.5-4 13.5 The radicand in a cube root function

y-3 -2 0 2 3 can be positive or negative.

CONTINUED ON THE NEXXT PAGE

LESSON 4-3 Graphing Radical Functions 185