Reading and Writing

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 RW Question Format

Each section has two equal-length modules. Reading & Writing has two
(32-minute, 27-question) modules, and Math has two (35-minute, 22-
question) modules. If you do well on the first module, you will get a harder
second module. If you do not-so-good on the first module, you will get an
easier second module.

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SAT Information session 2
RW Question Distribution

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SAT Information session 3
 RW Main Categories
The Reading and Writing section of the digital SAT is designed to test students
on reading comprehension, rhetoric, and language use by having them engage
with academic and literary texts. Skills on the Reading and Writing test can be
split into the following four categories:

✓ Information and Ideas: Use, locate, interpret, and evaluate information from
various texts and infographics.
✓ Craft and Structure: Determine the meaning of high-utility academic words
and phrases in context, evaluate texts rhetorically, and make supportable
connections between multiple related texts.
✓ Expression of Ideas: Use revision skills and knowledge to improve the
effectiveness of written expression to accomplish specified rhetorical goals.
✓ Standard English Conventions: Use editing skills and knowledge to make
texts conform to core conventions of Standard English sentence structure,
usage, and punctuation.

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SAT Information session 4
RW Sub-Categories of Questions

1. Vocabulary
2. Purpose
3. Dual Texts
4. Retrieval
5. Main Idea
6. Claims
7. Charts
8. Conclusions

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SAT Information session 5
 RW Basic Approach

1. Read the Question

❖ As with all Reading and Writing
questions, you need to understand
what you are being asked to do
before diving into any text.
2. Try finding the right word as per the
context and meaning
❖ Most of the questions in Reading and
Writing under craft and structure
pattern are asked to find the meaning
of a particular word based on the
context and meaning. The instruction
goes like this:

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SAT Information session 6
 RW Basic Approach

1. Read the Question

❖ As with all Reading and Writing
questions, you need to understand
what you are being asked to do
before diving into any text.
2. Try finding the right word as per the
context and meaning
❖ Most of the questions in Reading and
Writing under craft and structure
pattern are asked to find the meaning
of a particular word based on the
context and meaning. The instruction
goes like this:

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SAT Information session 7
 RW Basic Approach
3. Identify the Question Type.
❖ Each question has a phrase that indicates a very specific task that
you are being asked to accomplish for that question. This also
affects how you will adapt the rest of the approach and is a
chance to apply your POOD ( Personal Order of Difficulty): you
may want to mark question types you’d rather deal with later.
4. Read the Text(s):
❖ Read the text(s) thoroughly, keeping the question task in mind.
Remember: you are looking for an answer to the question, or at
the very least, evidence that can help answer the question. You
don’t need to memorize, or even understand every detail!

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SAT Information session 8
 RW Basic Approach
5. Highlight / Annotate What In 2007, computer scientist Luis von Ahn was working
Can Help: on converting printed books into a digital format. He
❖ Within the text, you’ll want to found that some words were distorted enough that digital
scanners couldn’t recognize them, but most humans
highlight a phrase or sentence could easily read them. Based on that finding, von Ahn
that can help answer the invented a simple security test to keep automated “bots”
question. It could be a direct out of websites. The first version of the reCAPTCHA
answer to the question or a test asked users to type one known word and one of the
many words scanners couldn’t recognize. Correct
piece of information that the answers proved the users were humans and added data to
question wants you to do the book-digitizing project.
something with. On certain Which choice best states the main purpose of the
question types, such as text?
A)To discuss von Ahn’s invention of reCAPTCHA
Vocabulary or Purpose, you’ll B)To explain how digital scanners work
also make an annotation that C) To call attention to von Ahn’s book-digitizing project
will help you nail the correct D)To indicate how popular reCAPTCHA is
answer.

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SAT Information session 9
 RW Basic Approach
In 2007, computer scientist Luis von Ahn was working on converting printed books into
a digital format. He found that some words were distorted enough that digital scanners
couldn’t recognize them, but most humans could easily read them. Based on that finding,
von Ahn invented a simple security test to keep automated “bots” out of websites. The
first version of the reCAPTCHA test asked users to type one known word and one of the
many words scanners couldn’t recognize. Correct answers proved the users were humans
and added data to the book-digitizing project.

Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

A)To discuss von Ahn’s invention of reCAPTCHA

B)To explain how digital scanners work
C) To call attention to von Ahn’s book-digitizing project
D)To indicate how popular reCAPTCHA is

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SAT Information session 10
 RW Basic Approach
6. Use a Process of Elimination
Iraqi artist Nazik Al-Malaika, celebrated as the first
Technique
Arabic poet to write in free verse, didn’t reject
Use POE. Eliminate anything that
traditional forms entirely; her poem “Elegy for a
isn’t consistent with what you
Woman of No Importance” consists of two ten-line
highlighted and/or annotated. Don’t
stanzas and a standard number of syllables. Even in
necessarily try to find the right
this superficially traditional work, ______ Al-
answer immediately, because there is
Malaika was breaking new ground by
a good chance you won’t see
memorializing an anonymous woman rather than a
anything that you like (and an
famous man.
answer that you like immediately
Which choice completes the text with the most
may be a trap). If you can eliminate
logical transition?
answers that you know are wrong,
though, you’ll be closer to the right
A) in fact,
answer. If you can’t eliminate three
B) though, Process of Elimination
answers with your highlights and
C) therefore,
annotation, use the POE criteria.
D) moreover,

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SAT Information session 11
 RW Basic Approach
6. Use a Process of Elimination
Iraqi artist Nazik Al-Malaika, celebrated as the first
Technique
Arabic poet to write in free verse, didn’t reject
Use POE. Eliminate anything that
traditional forms entirely; her poem “Elegy for a
isn’t consistent with what you
Woman of No Importance” consists of two ten-line
highlighted and/or annotated. Don’t
stanzas and a standard number of syllables. Even in
necessarily try to find the right
this superficially traditional work, ______ Al-
answer immediately, because there is
Malaika was breaking new ground by
a good chance you won’t see
memorializing an anonymous woman rather than a
anything that you like (and an
famous man.
answer that you like immediately
Which choice completes the text with the most
may be a trap). If you can eliminate
logical transition?
answers that you know are wrong,
though, you’ll be closer to the right
A) in fact,
answer. If you can’t eliminate three
B) though,
answers with your highlights and Process of Elimination
C) therefore,
annotation, use the POE criteria.
D) moreover,

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SAT Information session 12
 Reading Tips and Tricks

7. When You Have a Choice, Tackle Passages with Familiar Subjects Before
Passages with Unfamiliar Ones.

❖ Build on what you already know and like. It’s only common sense: if you
know very little about botany or are uninterested in it, you are all too likely to
run into trouble reading a passage about plant life. It is hard to concentrate
when you read about something that is wholly unfamiliar to you.
❖ Give yourself a break. There will be five reading passages on your test. Start
with one that interests you or that deals with a topic you know well. There is
nothing wrong in skipping questions. Just remember to check the numbering
of your answer sheet. You should, of course, go back to any questions you
skipped and make a quick guess in the final seconds before you run out of
time.

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SAT Information session 13
 Vocabulary (Words in Context)

8. Create a synonym of your own when asked

to complete the text with a word or phrase. Measles is a highly contagious viral
Having an idea before reviewing the answer infection, which results, among other
choices is like having a shopping list before symptoms, in a rash and high fever. Measles
is most dangerous to children under five
going to the store—you will be more decisive
years old, adults over 20 years old, and
and accurate in picking what you need. people with __________ immune systems.
9. If you do not know what a particular Complications from measles can result in
answer option means, do not immediately hearing loss, intellectual disability, and
eliminate it as a possibility. respiratory and neurological conditions.
When presented with a choice between an option Which choice completes the text with the
you know versus an option you do not know, you most logical and precise
may typically choose the word you know, even if word or phrase?
(A) dynamic
the option is not a good fit. Instead of this
(B) compromised
approach, realize that whatever the correct (C) evolved
answer is will work 100%, so even if you do not (D) enhanced
know what a word means, do not eliminate it as
a possibility.

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SAT Information session 14
 Vocabulary (Words in Context)

Measles is a highly contagious viral

10. Realize that a word may take on one infection, which results, among other
of its alternative meanings. symptoms, in a rash and high fever. Measles
Words usually have several different is most dangerous to children under five
possible definitions. Be mindful that the years old, adults over 20 years old, and
appropriate meaning for the word in people with __________ immune systems.
Complications from measles can result in
question may be the third or fourth most
hearing loss, intellectual disability, and
common meaning instead of the first. respiratory and neurological conditions.
11. Try plugging in the options to the Which choice completes the text with the
text to see what is most logical. most logical and precise
If you are having trouble deciding on a word or phrase?
word-meaning solution, try taking the (A) dynamic
different options and substituting them for (B) compromised
the word. (C) evolved
(D) enhanced

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SAT Information session 15
 Vocabulary (Words in Context)

The following text is adapted from Anton

10. Realize that a word may take on one Chekhov’s 1904 play The Cherry Orchard
of its alternative meanings. (translated by Julius West in 1916).
Words usually have several different TROFIMOV: Believe me, Anya, believe me!
possible definitions. Be mindful that the I’m not thirty yet, I'm young. I'm still a
appropriate meaning for the word in student, but I have undergone a great deal!
I'm as hungry as the winter, I'm ill, I'm
question may be the third or fourth most
shaken .... and where haven’t I been has
common meaning instead of the first. tossed me everywhere! As used in the text,
11. Try plugging in the options to the
text to see what is most logical. What does the word "undergone“ most
If you are having trouble deciding on a nearly mean?
word-meaning solution, try taking the A) Neglected
different options and substituting them for B) Enjoyed
the word. C) Conveyed
D) Endured

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SAT Information session 16
 Vocabulary (Words in Context)

The following text is adapted from Anton

10. Realize that a word may take on one Chekhov’s 1904 play The Cherry Orchard
of its alternative meanings. (translated by Julius West in 1916).
Words usually have several different TROFIMOV: Believe me, Anya, believe me!
possible definitions. Be mindful that the I’m not thirty yet, I'm young. I'm still a
appropriate meaning for the word in student, but I have undergone a great deal!
I'm as hungry as the winter, I'm ill, I'm
question may be the third or fourth most
shaken .... and where haven’t I been has
common meaning instead of the first. tossed me everywhere! As used in the text,
11. Try plugging in the options to the
text to see what is most logical. What does the word "undergone“ most
If you are having trouble deciding on a nearly mean?
word-meaning solution, try taking the A) Neglected
different options and substituting them for B) Enjoyed
the word. C) Conveyed
D) Endured

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SAT Information session 17
 Purpose and Structure
❖ Eden Robinson is a novelist and a member of the Haisla Nation
11. Understand the text in western Canada. Critics and fellow writers have praised her
entirely to grasp the purpose work for combining traditional Haisla stories with popular
of different selections fully. genres of literature, such as fantasy and mystery fiction. But
❖ It is difficult to perform Robinson is not the only Indigenous writer to blend traditional
stories with popular literature. In the 2019 novel Empire of
well on structure and wild, Cherie Dimaline successfully blended the oral
purpose questions storytelling tradition of her people, the Metis, with horror
without reading the text fiction.
in its entirety. If you do Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
A) To discuss two writers who blend traditional Indigenous stories
not comprehend the with popular genres
overall point of the text, B) To urge younger Indigenous authors to avoid writing in popular
it will be challenging to genres
determine the C) To argue that traditional Indigenous stories are more
memorable than most novels are
significance of D) To explain why one Indigenous author has achieved more
particular parts. success than another has

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SAT Information session 18
 Purpose
12. Distinguish between ❖ Eden Robinson is a novelist and a member of the Haisla Nation
“purpose” and “summary.” in western Canada. Critics and fellow writers have praised her
Students often answer structure work for combining traditional Haisla stories with popular
and purpose questions by genres of literature, such as fantasy and mystery fiction. But
summarizing the text instead of Robinson is not the only Indigenous writer to blend traditional
finding the purpose of the text. A stories with popular literature. In the 2019 novel Empire of
summary tells you what the text is wild, Cherie Dimaline successfully blended the oral
about, while purpose tells you storytelling tradition of her people, the Metis, with horror
why the text was written—these fiction.
are two very different tasks. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
13. If you see the words A) To discuss two writers who blend traditional Indigenous stories
purpose, function, or structure with popular genres
in the question stem, you have a B) To urge younger Indigenous authors to avoid writing in popular
Purpose question that asks you genres
why the text was written, why a C) To argue that traditional Indigenous stories are more
sentence was included, or how the memorable than most novels are
text is organized, respectively D) To explain why one Indigenous author has achieved more
success than another has

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SAT Information session 19
 Purpose
14. If a question asks for the ❖ Eden Robinson is a novelist and a member of the Haisla Nation
“main purpose” of the text, there in western Canada. Critics and fellow writers have praised her
is a main claim the author is work for combining traditional Haisla stories with popular
making somewhere in the text— genres of literature, such as fantasy and mystery fiction. But
each sentence will in some way Robinson is not the only Indigenous writer to blend traditional
contribute to this claim. You want stories with popular literature. In the 2019 novel Empire of
to find and highlight this claim! wild, Cherie Dimaline successfully blended the oral
15. If a question asks for the storytelling tradition of her people, the Metis, with horror
“function” of a sentence, the fiction.
sentences before and after the Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?
indicated sentence will A) To discuss two writers who blend traditional Indigenous stories
reference ideas that the sentence with popular genres
in question interacts with. B) To urge younger Indigenous authors to avoid writing in popular
Highlighting ideas that persist genres
across the sentence before, C) To argue that traditional Indigenous stories are more
the sentence itself, and/or the memorable than most novels are
sentence after will help you D) To explain why one Indigenous author has achieved more
understand those connections. success than another has

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SAT Information session 20
 Dual Texts
Text1
16. The presence of two texts Attempts to automate classification of music into genres have not been
will make it clear that this is a Dual Texts very successful, and we may be at the limit of what is technologically
possible. But it's not clear that this is a worthwhile pursuit
question, but it’s still critical to make sure in any case--as Jin Ha Lee and Anh Thu Nguyen argue in their study of the
exactly who or what you should be focusing South Korean band BTS, relationships between pieces of music may be
on in each text. best understood with concepts other than genre.
Text2
17. As you read, remember that there was a Tango is a genre of music originally from Argentina and Uruguay that
specific hypothesis, statement, or claim that shares some harmonic and rhythmic similarities with the pagode genre.
was referenced by the question. For Text 1, you Automated genre classification
systems typically struggle to draw distinctions in situations like this, but Y
pretty much just need to find and highlight that Andre Costa and colleagues solved that problem by converting sound to
idea images and having computers compare features of those images, an
18. Text 2 will typically feature an individual approach that demonstrates how much innovation is possible in
this field.
or group conducting an experiment or Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to
responding to the claim from Text 1 in some the claim in the underline sentence of Text 1? Based on the text, what
way. They could confirm the claim from Text 1, does the narrator mainly remember about the times when his mother
chanted to him?
contradict it, or expand on it. Finding and A) That he liked the characters in the stories his
highlighting the line or sentence in which Text mother made up while chanting
2 comments on the same idea that you B) That his mother had music playing in the
background while she chanted
highlighted from Text 1 is critical to C) That his mother didn't usually chant at night
understanding the connection between the D) That he found the sound of his mother’s chanting to be calming
texts.
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SAT Information session 21
 Dual Texts
Text1
16. The presence of two texts Attempts to automate classification of music into genres have not been
will make it clear that this is a Dual Texts very successful, and we may be at the limit of what is technologically
possible. But it's not clear that this is a worthwhile pursuit
question, but it’s still critical to make sure in any case--as Jin Ha Lee and Anh Thu Nguyen argue in their study of the
exactly who or what you should be focusing South Korean band BTS, relationships between pieces of music may be
on in each text. best understood with concepts other than genre.
Text2
17. As you read, remember that there was a Tango is a genre of music originally from Argentina and Uruguay that
specific hypothesis, statement, or claim that shares some harmonic and rhythmic similarities with the pagode genre.
was referenced by the question. For Text 1, you Automated genre classification
systems typically struggle to draw distinctions in situations like this, but Y
pretty much just need to find and highlight that Andre Costa and colleagues solved that problem by converting sound to
idea images and having computers compare features of those images, an
18. Text 2 will typically feature an individual approach that demonstrates how much innovation is possible in
this field.
or group conducting an experiment or Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to
responding to the claim from Text 1 in some the claim in the underline sentence of Text 1? Based on the text, what
way. They could confirm the claim from Text 1, does the narrator mainly remember about the times when his mother
chanted to him?
contradict it, or expand on it. Finding and A) That he liked the characters in the stories his
highlighting the line or sentence in which Text mother made up while chanting
2 comments on the same idea that you B) That his mother had music playing in the
background while she chanted
highlighted from Text 1 is critical to C) That his mother didn't usually chant at night
understanding the connection between the D) That he found the sound of his mother’s chanting to be calming
texts.
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SAT Information session 22
 Main Idea
Believing that living in an impractical space can heighten
awareness and even improve health, conceptual artists
MAIN IDEA Madeline Gins and Shusaku Arakawa designed an
apartment building in Japan to be more fanciful than
19. Questions that test your ability to find functional. A kitchen counter is chest-high on one side and
knee-high on the other; a ceiling has a door to nowhere.
the central thought of a passage or to The effect is disorienting but invigorating: filmmaker
judge its significance often take the Nobu Yamaoka reported significant health benefits after
following form: four years there.
Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
A) Although inhabiting a home surrounded by
❖ The main point of the passage is to fanciful features such as those designed by Gins
❖ The passage is primarily concerned with and Arakawa can be rejuvenating, it is
❖ The author’s primary purpose in this unsustainable.
B) Designing disorienting spaces like those in the Gins
passage is to and Arakawa building is the most effective way to create a
❖ The chief theme of the passage can be physically stimulating environment.
best described as: C) As a filmmaker, Yamaoka has long supported
the designs of conceptual artists such as Gins and
❖ The central claim of the passage is that Arakawa.
❖ Which of the following statements best D) Although impractical, the design of the
expresses the passage’s main idea? apartment building by Gins and Arakawa may improve
the well-being of the building’s residents.

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SAT Information session 23
 Main Idea
Believing that living in an impractical space can heighten
20. In the main idea type question the awareness and even improve health, conceptual artists
author may describe a work from a famous Madeline Gins and Shusaku Arakawa designed an
environmentalist in one line. Still, if the rest apartment building in Japan to be more fanciful than
of the lines don’t expand on that work but functional. A kitchen counter is chest-high on one side and
rather describe the environmentalist’s entire knee-high on the other; a ceiling has a door to nowhere.
The effect is
career, the work is not the main idea. Instead,
disorienting but invigorating: filmmaker Nobu Yamaoka
the main idea would be the environmentalist’s reported significant health benefits after four years there.
career as a whole. Which choice best states the main idea of the text?
21. Make sure you’re not putting too much A) Although inhabiting a home surrounded by
emphasis on a single detail. For instance, the fanciful features such as those designed by Gins
author may describe a work from a famous and Arakawa can be rejuvenating, it is unsustainable.
environmentalist in one line, but if the rest of B) Designing disorienting spaces like those in the Gins
and Arakawa building is the most effective way to create a
the lines don’t expand on that work but rather
physically stimulating environment.
describe the environmentalist’s entire career, C) As a filmmaker, Yamaoka has long supported
the work is not the the designs of conceptual artists such as Gins and
main idea. Instead, the main idea would be the Arakawa.
environmentalist’s career as a whole. D) Although impractical, the design of the
apartment building by Gins and Arakawa may improve
the well-being of the building’s residents.

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SAT Information session 24
Main Idea (Let’s Watch This)

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SAT Information session 25
 Retrieval
The following text is from Herman Melville’s 1854 short
22. If you see the words/phrases according to the story “The Lightning-Rod Man.”
text or based on the text in the question stem, you
have a retrieval question that asks you WHAT the The stranger still stood in the exact middle of the cottage,
text said. The question could ask for many different where he had first planted himself. His singularity
types of details, such as why or how something impelled a closer scrutiny. A lean, gloomy figure. Hair
dark and lank mattedly streaked over his brow. His
happens, but these details will be something you can
sunken pitfalls of eyes were ringed by indigo halos, and
definitively find in the text each time. played with an innocuous sort of lightning: the gleam
23. As you read, focus on the person, place, or without the bolt. The whole man was dripping. He stood
thing referenced in the question. in a puddle on the bare oak floor: his strange walking-
You are looking for some detail about that person, stick vertically resting at his side.
place, or thing that will answer the question.
24. The most common traps on a Retrieval Which choice best states the function of the
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
question will be answers that use Recycled
a. It sets up the character description presented in the
Language (repeating words from the text but using sentences that follow.
those words differently from the text), Could Be True b. It establishes a contrast with the description in the
trap answers based on making outside assumptions previous sentence.
not supported by the text and Extreme Language c. It elaborates on the previous sentence’s description of
answers that go beyond what the text states the character.
d. It introduces the setting that is described in the
sentences that follow.

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SAT Information session 26
 Retrieval
The following text is from Herman Melville’s 1854 short
story “The Lightning-Rod Man.”
25. This is one of the most The stranger still stood in the exact middle of the cottage,
straightforward question types—you where he had first planted himself. His singularity
want to highlight what the impelled a closer scrutiny. A lean, gloomy figure. Hair
dark and lank mattedly streaked over his brow. His
text offers as an answer to the question.
sunken pitfalls of eyes were ringed by indigo halos, and
Bear in mind that straightforward doesn’t played with an innocuous sort of lightning: the gleam
necessarily mean easy—you’ll still need without the bolt. The whole man was dripping. He stood
to read carefully and avoid highlighting in a puddle on the bare oak floor: his strange walking-
stick vertically resting at his side.
details irrelevant to the question task.
Which choice best states the function of the
26. The questions can signal phrases underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
a. It sets up the character description presented in the
such as: what is true about Dorothea
sentences that follow.
(Character)? Which choice best states the b. It establishes a contrast with the description in the
function of the underlined sentence in the previous sentence.
text as a whole? etc. c. It elaborates on the previous sentence’s description of
the character.
d. It introduces the setting that is described in the
sentences that follow.

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SAT Information session 27
 Claim
“The Bet” is an 1889 short story by Anton
Chekhov. In the story, a banker is described as
27. Highlight the claim, theory, being very upset about something:_____
argument, etc., referenced by the
Which quotation from “The Bet” most
question stem, regardless of whether you
effectively illustrates the claim?
need to illustrate it, strengthen it, or
weaken it. A) “Then the banker cautiously broke the seals
28. In the claim type of questions most off the door and put the key in the keyhole.”
commonly, you’ll see language in the B) “It struck three o’clock, the banker listened;
question looking for something to everyone was asleep in the house and nothing
illustrate, support, or weaken someone’s could be heard outside but the rustling of the
claim, hypothesis, argument, or prediction. chilled trees.”
C) “The banker, spoilt and frivolous, with
These questions can also reference a
millions beyond his reckoning, was delighted at
quotation from the text that accomplishes a the bet.”
goal. When this happens, the text will be D) “When [the banker] got home he lay on his
short, but the answers will be longer to bed, but his tears and emotion kept him for hours
compensate. from sleeping.”

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SAT Information session 28
 Claim
“The Bet” is an 1889 short story by Anton
Chekhov. In the story, a banker is described as
being very upset about something:_____

29. The claim-based answer would best Which quotation from “The Bet” most
effectively illustrates the claim?
illustrate, support, or weaken a claim
made by the author. A) “Then the banker cautiously broke the seals
30. In a longer text, this claim is likely off the door and put the key in the keyhole.”
to be part of the text’s main idea. In a B) “It struck three o’clock, the banker listened;
shorter text asking about a quotation that everyone was asleep in the house and nothing
illustrates the claim, the claim itself will could be heard outside but the rustling of the
precede the colon and the blank in the chilled trees.”
question stem. C) “The banker, spoilt and frivolous, with
millions beyond his reckoning, was delighted at
the bet.”
D) “When [the banker] got home he lay on his
bed, but his tears and emotion kept him for hours
from sleeping.”

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SAT Information session 29
 Charts
31. Charts questions are
interspersed with Claims
questions, though you
won’t necessarily see both
on the same
module. Like Claims
questions, Charts
questions will ask you to
illustrate, support, or
weaken some claim. The
biggest difference
between the types is that
here you’ll be reading
some information from a
table or graph in addition
to the text.

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SAT Information session 30
 Charts

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to

complete the example?

a) 82% of participants believe that it is somewhat or very

likely that a robot could work effectively as a tour guide,
but only 16% believe that it is somewhat or very likely that
a robot could work as a surgeon.
b) 47% of participants believe that it is somewhat or very
likely that a robot could work effectively as a teacher, but
37% of respondents believe that it is somewhat or very
Rows in the table may not add up to 100 due to unlikely that a robot could do so.
rounding. Georgia Tech roboticists De’Aira Bryant and c) 9% of participants were neutral about whether a robot
Ayanna Howard, along with ethicist Jason Borenstein, could work effectively as a television news anchor, which is
were interested in people’s perceptions of robots’ the same percent of participants who were neutral when
competence. They recruited participants and asked asked about a robot working as a surgeon.
them how likely they think it is that a robot could do d) 62% of participants believe that it is somewhat or very
the work required in various occupations. unlikely that a robot could work effectively as a firefighter.
Participants’ evaluations varied widely depending on
which occupation was being considered; for example,
______

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SAT Information session 31
 Charts

Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to

complete the example?

a) 82% of participants believe that it is somewhat or very

likely that a robot could work effectively as a tour guide,
but only 16% believe that it is somewhat or very likely that
a robot could work as a surgeon.
b) 47% of participants believe that it is somewhat or very
likely that a robot could work effectively as a teacher, but
37% of respondents believe that it is somewhat or very
Rows in the table may not add up to 100 due to unlikely that a robot could do so.
rounding. Georgia Tech roboticists De’Aira Bryant and c) 9% of participants were neutral about whether a robot
Ayanna Howard, along with ethicist Jason Borenstein, could work effectively as a television news anchor, which is
were interested in people’s perceptions of robots’ the same percent of participants who were neutral when
competence. They recruited participants and asked asked about a robot working as a surgeon.
them how likely they think it is that a robot could do d) 62% of participants believe that it is somewhat or very
the work required in various occupations. unlikely that a robot could work effectively as a firefighter.
Participants’ evaluations varied widely depending on
which occupation was being considered; for example,
______

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SAT Information session 32
 Inferences / Conclusion
The practice of logging (cutting down trees for commercial
32. Questions that test your ability and other uses) is often thought to be at odds with forest
to go beyond the author’s explicit conservation (the work of preserving forests). However, a
statements and see what these massive study in forest management and preservation
statements imply may be worded: spanning 700,000 hectares in Oregon’s Malheur National
Forest calls that view into question. So far, the results of the
❖ Which choice most logically study suggest that forest plots that have undergone limited
completes the text? logging (the careful removal of a controlled number of trees)
❖ It can be inferred from the may be more robust than plots that haven’t been logged at
all. These results, in turn, suggest that ……….
passage that Which choice most logically completes the text?
❖ The author implies that A) logging may be useful for maintaining healthy forests,
❖ According to the passage, it is provided it is limited.
likely that B) other forest management strategies are more effective
than limited logging.
❖ Which of the following C) as time passes, it will be difficult to know whether limited
statements about...can be inferred logging has any benefits.
from the passage? D) the best way to support forest health may be to leave large
forests entirely untouched.

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SAT Information session 33
 Inferences / Conclusion
The practice of logging (cutting down trees for commercial
and other uses) is often thought to be at odds with forest
33. If a question asks, “ Which conservation (the work of preserving forests). However, a
massive study in forest management and preservation
choice most logically completes the spanning 700,000 hectares in Oregon’s Malheur National
text, you know that you have a Forest calls that view into question. So far, the results of the
Conclusions question. Almost every study suggest that forest plots that have undergone limited
Conclusion question is phrased this logging (the careful removal of a controlled number of trees)
may be more robust than plots that haven’t been logged at
way, though we have also seen all. These results, in turn, suggest that ……….
“Which choice best describes X as Which choice most logically completes the text?
presented by the text?” Either way, A) logging may be useful for maintaining healthy forests,
provided it is limited.
you’re being asked to include a B) other forest management strategies are more effective
logical summary or final statement than limited logging.
consistent with everything described C) as time passes, it will be difficult to know whether limited
in the text. logging has any benefits.
D) the best way to support forest health may be to leave large
forests entirely untouched.

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SAT Information session 34
 Inferences / Conclusion
34. The central claim or statement made by
The practice of logging (cutting down trees for commercial
the author or group is likely to be followed and other uses) is often thought to be at odds with forest
up by some additional data or information. conservation (the work of preserving forests). However, a
This information could support or massive study in forest management and preservation
contradict the original claim, but either way, spanning 700,000 hectares in Oregon’s Malheur National
you’ll need to read the entire text to make Forest calls that view into question. So far, the results of the
sure you catch those wrinkles in the story! study suggest that forest plots that have undergone limited
logging (the careful removal of a controlled number of trees)
35. There are two helpful things to
may be more robust than plots that haven’t been logged at
highlight on Conclusions questions: the all. These results, in turn, suggest that ……….
claim itself and, as mentioned, the Which choice most logically completes the text?
additional data or information that sheds A) logging may be useful for maintaining healthy forests,
more light, for better or worse, on the claim. provided it is limited.
Similarly, if the question B) other forest management strategies are more effective
instead asks you to describe someone or than limited logging.
C) as time passes, it will be difficult to know whether limited
something, you’ll want to catch each major
logging has any benefits.
point made about that person or thing, as D) the best way to support forest health may be to leave large
the correct answer should be a summary forests entirely untouched.
that captures all of the main points made by
the text.

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SAT Information session 35
 Inferences /Conclusion

KEY TERMS Used in INFERENCE QUESTIONS

criterion a standard used in judging something; a basis for comparison

Excerpt a selection from a longer work
implication an indirect suggestion; a logical inference
Imply to suggest without stating explicitly; to mean
likelihood probability; chance of something
plausible appearing reasonable; apparently believable
Suggestive tending to suggest something; stimulating further thought
tentative not definite or positive; hesitant; provisional; experimental

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SAT Information session 36
 Standard English Convention
36. Correct answers to tense questions are
primarily based on context. Several options may
be acceptable on their own, but only one answer Like other amphibians, the wood frog
will fit in the passage. Unless there is a reason for (Rana sylvatica) is unable to generate
the tense to change, its own heat, so during periods of
a verb should be parallel to the other verbs in the subfreezing temperatures, it ____ by
sentence or passage. You must therefore make producing large amounts of glucose, a
sure to read the surrounding sentences to obtain sugar that helps prevent damaging ice
enough information to answer tense questions.
from forming inside its cells. Which
37. Usually formed by adding -ed to the verb.
(For common irregular past participles choice completes the text so that it
Used for actions that began in the past and that conforms to the conventions of
are continuing into the present. Standard English?
The most important irregular verb= is to be, A) had survived
which becomes has been (sing.) and have been B) survived
(pl.). C) would survive
The words for, since, over, and during usually act D) survives
as tip-offs that the present perfect is required.

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SAT Information session 37
 Standard English Convention
36. Correct answers to tense questions are
primarily based on context. Several options may
be acceptable on their own, but only one answer Like other amphibians, the wood frog
will fit in the passage. Unless there is a reason for (Rana sylvatica) is unable to generate
the tense to change, its own heat, so during periods of
a verb should be parallel to the other verbs in the subfreezing temperatures, it ____ by
sentence or passage. You must therefore make producing large amounts of glucose, a
sure to read the surrounding sentences to obtain sugar that helps prevent damaging ice
enough information to answer tense questions.
from forming inside its cells. Which
37. Usually formed by adding -ed to the verb.
(For common irregular past participles choice completes the text so that it
Used for actions that began in the past and that conforms to the conventions of
are continuing into the present. Standard English?
The most important irregular verb= is to be, A) had survived
which becomes has been (sing.) and have been B) survived
(pl.). C) would survive
The words for, since, over, and during usually act D) survives
as tip-offs that the present perfect is required.

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SAT Information session 38
 Standard English Convention

N. K. Jemisin is an award-winning American

science fiction and fantasy writer. The three
37. Don’t put punctuation where there is
books in her series The Broken Earth Trilogy
Specifying Information. Never put a single
each won a Hugo Award for Best Novel,
punctuation mark in between a subject and its
making her the first author to win this award
verb. Don’t put punctuation after a preposition—
for each book in a trilogy and the first to win
enough information to answer tense questions.
Best Novel awards for three consecutive
38. Look for and highlight the noun or
years. Her ________ include environmental
pronoun the blank refers to.
crises and social inequalities.
Eliminate any answers that are not consistent
Which choice completes the text so that it
with the noun or pronoun in terms of singular
conforms to the conventions of Standard
versus plural. If apostrophes are changing,
English?
determine whether a contraction or a possessive
pronoun is needed and use POE accordingly.
A) books’ subjects
B) books subjects
C) books’ subjects’
D) books subjects’

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SAT Information session 39
 Standard English Convention

N. K. Jemisin is an award-winning American

science fiction and fantasy writer. The three
39. Determine whether the first word is
books in her series The Broken Earth Trilogy
possessing anything. If not, eliminate options
each won a Hugo Award for Best Novel,
with apostrophes on that word.
making her the first author to win this award
40. Look for and highlight the noun or
for each book in a trilogy and the first to win
pronoun the blank refers to.
Best Novel awards for three consecutive
Eliminate any answers that are not consistent
years. Her ________ include environmental
with the noun or pronoun in terms of singular
crises and social inequalities.
versus plural. If apostrophes are changing,
Which choice completes the text so that it
determine whether a contraction or a possessive
conforms to the conventions of Standard
pronoun is needed and use POE accordingly.
English?

A) books’ subjects
B) books subjects
C) books’ subjects’
D) books subjects’

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SAT Information session 40
 Standard English Convention

N. K. Jemisin is an award-winning American

science fiction and fantasy writer. The three
37. Don’t put punctuation where there is
books in her series The Broken Earth Trilogy
Specifying Information. Never put a single
each won a Hugo Award for Best Novel,
punctuation mark in between a subject and its
making her the first author to win this award
verb. Don’t put punctuation after a preposition—
for each book in a trilogy and the first to win
enough information to answer tense questions.
Best Novel awards for three consecutive
38. Look for and highlight the noun or
years. Her ________ include environmental
pronoun the blank refers to.
crises and social inequalities.
Eliminate any answers that are not consistent
Which choice completes the text so that it
with the noun or pronoun in terms of singular
conforms to the conventions of Standard
versus plural. If apostrophes are changing,
English?
determine whether a contraction or a possessive
pronoun is needed and use POE accordingly.
A) books’ subjects
B) books subjects
C) books’ subjects’
D) books subjects’

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SAT Information session 41
Prescribed Textbooks and References

IELTSessentials.com www.quantumleap.edu.np
 Thanks for your patience!
Sashidhar Baral
• Academic Qualification MA, B.Ed.(English)
• Certified IELTS /PTE /GRE/SAT instructor
(British Council /US Embassy/IDP/ Collegeboard / ETS)
• Academic Director Quantum Leap Pvt. Ltd.
• Lecturer: Infomax College, Pokhara College of Management
• Chief Editor: Vidyarthi Ratna Monthly Magazine
• Fine Artist (Diploma in Fine Arts, New Delhi)
• Freelance Author
• Ex.F.M. R.J(BIG FM/Sarangkot FM)
• Member NELTA, Kaski
• Professional Teacher Trainer (NFORSDT, Kaski)
• Countries Visited: Netherlands, France, Germany, Belgium, Thailand, India

baralsashi@gmail.com
Have any query?

baralsashi@gmail.com
Thanks for your patience !

baralsashi@gmail.com