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Hollow Prism Investigatory Project 2024-25

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44 views13 pages

Hollow Prism Investigatory Project 2024-25

Uploaded by

bangtansoneyadan2020
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 13

PM SHRI KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

PANGODE
PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
2024-25
DETERMINATION OF
REFRACTIVE INDICES OF
VARIOUS LIQUIDS USING A
HOLLOW PRISM

Submitted By Nandana Dileep


XII A

1
Guided by
Mr Sukesh G
PGT Physics

CERTIFICATE

It is hereby to certify that, the original and


genuine investigation work has been
carried out to investigate about the
subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been
completed solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily done by NANDANA DILEEP
of Class XII A, Kendriya Vidyalaya
Pangode, regarding the project titled,
“Determination of Refractive Indices
of Various Liquids Using a Hollow
Prism” submitted for CBSE investigatory
project.

Signature of the Guide

2
Principal’s Signature

Signature of External Examiner


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without mentioning the names of
those persons who helped to make it possible. I
take this opportunity to express my gratitude in
few words and respect to all those who helped
me in the completion of this project. It is my
humble pleasure to acknowledge my deep
senses of gratitude to my Physics teacher, Mr.
Sukesh G for his valuable support, constant
help and guidance at each and every stage,
without which this project would not have
come forth. I also register my sense of
gratitude to our principal, Mr. Rakesh K, for
3
his immense encouragement that has made
this project successful. I would also like to
thank my friends and family for encouraging
me during the course of this project. Last, but
not the least, I would like to thank CBSE for
giving us the opportunity to undertake this
project.

CONTENTS

Sr. Content Page


No No.

1. Aim 5

2. Apparatus Required 5

3. Theory 6

4
4. Procedure 7

5. Observation 8-10

6. Conclusions 11

7. Precautions 12

Aim
To find out the refractive indices of
different liquids using a hollow prism.

Apparatus Required
• Hollow glass prism
• Various liquids like water, glycerine, oil.
• Bell pins
• Drawing board

5
Theory
A prism is a transparent optical element
with flat, polished surfaces that refract
light. Prisms can be made from any
material that is transparent including
glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be
used to break light up into its constituent
spectral colours. Prisms can also be used
to reflect light, or to split light into
components with different polarizations.

6
The refractive index
of the liquid Is given
by the formula:

sin ( ⅈ ) ( a+2ⅆ )
sin
η¿ sin ( r ) =
sin ( )
a
2

Where,
η=refractive index of
the liquid.
a= angle of prism
d=angle of minimum
deviation
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction

Procedure
♦ Fix a white sheet of paper on the
drawing board with help of drawing
pins.
♦ Keep the prism and mark the outline of
it as ABC.
♦ Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

7
♦ Draw the angle of incidence in
accordance with the normal PQ and
place 2 pins so that they appear to be
in the straight line.
♦ Place the prism filled with given
sample of liquid, on the marked outline
ABC.
♦ Now take the pins and place them on
the side AC so that all the 4 pins
appear to be in same line.
♦ Remove the prism and draw the line
joining the points so obtained.
♦ Mark the diagram as shown in the
figure.
♦ Repeat this with different liquids and
different angle of incidence.

Observation
1. Water

8
trial a º(angle of i º (angle of d º (angle of
prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 30 25
2 60 40 24
3 60 50 23
4 60 60 26
5 60 70 30

sin ( ⅈ ) ( a+2ⅆ )
sin
η= =
sin ( )
sin ( r ) a
2

¿
sin( 60+23
2 )

sin ( )
60
2

0.6631
¿
0.5

¿ 1.326

2. Glycerine

trial a º(angle of i º (angle of d º (angle of


prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 30 40
2 60 40 39
3 60 50 38
9
4 60 60 36
5 60 70 43

sin ( ⅈ ) ( a+2ⅆ )
sin
η= =
sin ( )
sin ( r ) a
2

¿
sin( 60+36
2 )

sin ( )
60
2

0.7431
¿
0.5

¿ 1.486

3. Coconut Oil

trial a º(angle of i º (angle of d º (angle of


prism) incidence) deviation)
1 60 30 36
2 60 40 34
3 60 50 33

10
4 60 60 36
5 60 70 39

sin ( ⅈ ) ( a+2ⅆ )
sin
η= =
sin ( )
sin ( r ) a
2

¿
sin ( 60+33
2 )

sin ( )
60
2

0.7253
¿
0.5

¿ 1.451

Conclusion
Refractive indices of various mediums at
room temperature:

 Water

11
▪ Experimental
: 1.326
▪ Actual Value:
1.33

 Glycerine
▪ Experimental
: 1.486
▪ Actual Value:
1.473

 Coconut Oil
▪ Experimental:
1.451
▪ Actual Value:
1.43-1.46

Precautions
• Angle of incidence should lie b/w 30-75
degree.

• Pins should be vertically fixed and


should lie in same line.

12
• Distance b/w two points should not be
less than 10mm.

• Same angle of prism should be used


for all observation.

• Arrow head should be marked to


represent emergent and incident ray.

13

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