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Lesson 10 STDs Human Reproduction

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22 views3 pages

Lesson 10 STDs Human Reproduction

Uploaded by

ashlamalaca15
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Human Reproduction

Lesson 10: Sexually Transmitted Diseases

A sexually transmitted disease (STD), also known as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), is an
infection that is primarily spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
STDs can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Some STDs can also be spread through
non-sexual means, such as through sharing needles or from mother to child during childbirth.

Consequences of STD’s

1. Increased Severity of Genital Lesions: STD can lead to larger and more destructive
genital lesions causing discomfort and potentially affecting the overall health of affected
individual.
2. Infertility: Some STDs may result in infertility due to complications such as fallopian
tube occlusion. This can hinder a person’s ability to conceive.
3. Weakened immune System: Certain STDs can compromise the immune system
especially in individuals undergoing treatments like chemotherapy or taking
immunosuppressant drugs. This makes them more susceptible to infections and other
health complications.
4. Vertical Transmission: In the case of pregnant individuals, some STDs can be
transmitted to the neonate during pregnancy (antepartum) or during childbirth
(intrapartum). This can lead to health issues in the newborn, necessitating medical
attention.

STD Transmission

1. Sexual Contact - including vaginal, anal and oral intercourse with an infected partner.
2. Blood Contact – sharing needles or engaging in intravenous drug use can expose
individuals to bloodborne STDs such as HIV and hepatitis B and C.
3. Non-Sterilized Surgical Instruments – inadequately sterilized surgical instruments
4. Mother -to- Child Transmission – can be transmitted from an infected mother to the
baby during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding.
5. Hand Contact – through skin-to-skin contact or contact with contaminated surface.
6. Inanimate Objects – transmission from inanimate objects such as toilets or doorknobs is
very low. Most STDs do not survive long outside the human body.

Common STDs include:

1. Chlamydia - Caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, it is one of the most


common STDs. It can lead to serious reproductive complications if left untreated.
2. Gonorrhea - Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, this bacterial infection can affect the
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genital tract, rectum, and throat.


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3. Syphilis - Caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, syphilis can lead to serious
health complications if untreated, including damage to the heart, brain, and other
organs.
4. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) - A viral infection that can cause genital warts and is linked
to cervical and other cancers. Some strains of HPV can lead to serious health problems,
while others may clear up on their own.
5. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) - This virus causes genital herpes, which leads to sores and
outbreaks. There are two types: HSV-1 (commonly causes oral herpes) and HSV-2
(commonly causes genital herpes).
6. HIV/AIDS - The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system and
can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV can be transmitted
through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
7. Trichomoniasis - A parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, often causing
symptoms like itching, discharge, and discomfort.
8. Hepatitis B and C - These viral infections affect the liver. Hepatitis B is often sexually
transmitted, while Hepatitis C is primarily spread through blood-to-blood contact.

Symptoms:

Many STDs can have no symptoms, but common signs include:

 Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina


 Pain during urination or sex
 Sores, blisters, or warts in the genital or oral area
 Itching or irritation
 Lower abdominal pain

Prevention:

 Condoms (male and female) can significantly reduce the risk of STDs, though not
completely eliminate it.
 Vaccination can prevent infections like HPV and Hepatitis B.
 Regular testing is important, especially if sexually active with multiple partners.
 Limiting the number of sexual partners and mutual monogamy can reduce the risk of
STDs.

Treatment:

Many STDs are treatable, particularly bacterial infections like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and
syphilis, with antibiotics. Viral infections like HIV and herpes can't be cured, but medications
can help manage symptoms and prevent transmission.
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It’s important to consult a healthcare provider for testing, diagnosis, and treatment options.
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