13

Oscillations P-199

Oscillations
Displacement, Phase, Velocity 5. Two particles are performing simple harmonic motion in a
TOPIC 1 straight line about the same equilibrium point. The
and Acceleration in S.H.M.
amplitude and time period for both particles are same
1. The position co-ordinates of a particle moving in a 3-D and equal to A and T, respectively. At time t = 0 one particle
coordinate system is given by [9 Jan 2019, II] has displacement A while the other one has displacement
x = a coswt -A
y = a sinwt and they are moving towards each other. If they cross
2
and z = awt
The speed of the particle is: each other at time t, then t is:
[Online April 9, 2016]
(a) 2 aw (b) aw (c) 3 aw (d) 2aw
2. Two simple harmonic motions, as shown, are at right angles. 5T T T T
(a) (b) (c) (d)
They are combined to form Lissajous figures. 6 3 4 6
x(t) = A sin (at + d) 6. A simple harmonic oscillator of angular frequency 2 rad
y(t) = B sin (bt) s–1 is acted upon by an external force F = sin t N. If the
Identify the correct match below oscillator is at rest in its equilibrium position at t = 0, its
[Online April 15, 2018] position at later times is proportional to :
p [Online April 10, 2015]
(a) Parameters: A = B, a = 2b; d = ; Curve: Circle
2 1 1
p (a) sin t + cos 2t (b) cos t - sin 2t
(b) Parameters: A = B, a = b; d = ; Curve: Line 2 2
2 1 1
p (c) sin t - sin 2t (d) sin t + sin 2t
(c) Parameters: A ¹ B, a = b; d = ; Curve: Ellipse 2 2
2 7. x and y displacements of a particle are given as x(t) = a sin
(d) Parameters: A ¹ B, a = b; d = 0; Curve: Parabola
wt and y (t) = a sin 2wt. Its trajectory will look like :
3. The ratio of maximum acceleration to maximum velocity in [Online April 10, 2015]
a simple harmonic motion is 10 s–1. At, t = 0 the displacement
y y
is 5 m. What is the maximum acceleration ? The initial phase
is p [Online April 8, 2017]
4 x x
(a) (b)
(a) 500 m/s2 (b) 500 2 m/s2
(c) 750 m/s2 (d) 750 2 m/s2
4. A particle performs simple harmonic mition with amplitude y
y
A. Its speed is trebled at the instant that it is at a distance
2A
from equilibrium position. The new amplitude of the x x
3 (c) (d)
motion is : [2016]
7A A
(a) A 3 (b) (c) 41 (d) 3A
3 3
P-200 Physics

8. A body is in simple harmonic motion with time period half 12. Two particles are executing simple harmonic motion of
second (T = 0.5 s) and amplitude one cm (A = 1 cm). Find the same amplitude A and frequency w along the x-axis.
the average velocity in the interval in which it moves form Their mean position is separated by distance X0(X0 > A).
equilibrium position to half of its amplitude. If the maximum separation between them is (X0 + A), the
[Online April 19, 2014] phase difference between their motion is: [2011]
p p p p
(a) 4 cm/s (b) 6 cm/s (c) 12 cm/s (d) 16 cm/s (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 6 2
9. Which of the following expressions corresponds to simple
13. A mass M, attached to a horizontal spring, executes S.H.M.
harmonic motion along a straight line, where x is the
with amplitude A1. When the mass M passes through its
displacement and a, b, c are positive constants?
mean position then a smaller mass m is placed over it and
[Online April 12, 2014]
both of them move together with amplitude A2. The ratio
(a) a + bx – cx 2 (b) bx2
æ A1 ö
(c) a – bx + cx2 (d) – bx of ç A ÷ is: [2011]
10. A particle which is simultaneously subjected to two è 2ø
perpendicular simple harmonic motions represented by; 1
x = a1 cos wt and y = a2 cos 2 wt traces a curve given by: M +m æ M ö2
(a) (b) çè ÷
[Online April 9, 2014]
M M + mø
1
y y æ M + mö 2 M
(c) çè ÷ (d)
M ø M +m
14. A point mass oscillates along the x-axis according to the
a2 a2
a1
law x = x0 cos(wt - p / 4) . If the acceleration of the particle
(a) O
x (b) O a1
x
is written as a = A cos(wt + d ) ,then [2007]

(a) A = x0 w 2 , d = 3p / 4 (b) A = x0, d = -p / 4

y y 2
(c) A = x0 w 2 , d = p / 4 (d) A = x0 w , d = -p / 4
15. A coin is placed on a horizontal platform which undergoes
a2 a2 vertical simple harmonic motion of angular frequency w.
a1 a1 The amplitude of oscillation is gradually increased. The
(c) x (d) x
O O coin will leave contact with the platform for the first time
(a) at the mean position of the platform [2006]
g
11. The displacement y(t) = A sin (wt + f) of a pendulum for (b) for an amplitude of 2
w
2p
f= is correctly represented by g2
3 (c) for an amplitude of
[Online May 19, 2012] w2
y y (d) at the highest position of the platform
16. The maximum velocity of a particle, executing simple
harmonic motion with an amplitude 7 mm, is 4.4 m/s. The
period of oscillation is [2006]
t (a) 0.01 s (b) 10 s (c) 0.1 s (d) 100 s
(a) (b) t
17. The function sin 2 (wt ) represents [2005]
(a) a periodic, but not simple harmonic motion with a
y y p
period
w
(b) a periodic, but not simple harmonic motion with a
2p
period
w
(c) t (d) t
p
(c) a simple harmonic motion with a period
w
2p
(d) a simple harmonic motion with a period
w
 Oscillations P-201

18. Two simple harmonic motions are represented by the 23. A pendulum is executing simple harmonic motion and its
æ pö maximum kinetic energy is K1. If the length of the
equations y1 = 0.1 sin ç100pt + ÷ and y 2 = 0.1 cos pt . pendulum is doubled and it performs simple harmonic
è 3ø
motion with the same amplitude as in the first case, its
The phase difference of the velocity of particle 1 with maximum kinetic energy is K2. [11 Jan 2019, II]
respect to the velocity of particle 2 is [2005]
K1
p -p p -p (a) K2 = 2K1 (b) K2 =
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2
3 6 6 3
K1
19. Two particles A and B of equal masses are suspended from (c) K2 = (d) K2 = K1
two massless springs of spring constants k 1 and k 2, 4
respectively. If the maximum velocities, during 24. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion (SHM) of
oscillation, are equal, the ratio of amplitude of A and B amplitude A, along the x-axis, about x = 0. When its
is [2003] potential Energy (PE) equals kinetic energy (KE), the
position of the particle will be: [9 Jan 2019, II]
k1 k2 k2 k1
(a) (b) k (c) (d) k A A
k2 1 k1 2 (a) (b)
2 2 2
20. The displacement of a particle varies according to the
relation x = 4(cos pt + sin pt ). The amplitude of the A
(c) (d) A
particle is [2003] 2
25. A particle is executing simple harmonic motion with a time
(a) – 4 (b) 4 (c) 4 2 (d) 8 period T. At time t = 0, it is at its position of equilibrium.
The kinetic energy-time graph of the particle will look like:
Energy in Simple Harmonic [2017]
TOPIC 2
Motion
21. The displacement time graph of a particle executing S.H.M. (a) (b)
is given in figure : (sketch is schematic and not to scale)
displacement

2T
4 (c) (d)
O time (s)
T 3T T 5T
4 4 4 26. A block of mass 0.1 kg is connected to an elastic spring of
spring constant 640 Nm–1 and oscillates in a medium of
Which of the following statements is/are true for this constant 10–2 kg s–1. The system dissipates its energy
motion? [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)] gradually. The time taken for its mechanical energy of
vibration to drop to half of its initial value, is closest to :
3T [Online April 9, 2017]
(1) The force is zero at t =
4 (a) 2 s (b) 3.5 s (c) 5 s (d) 7 s
(2) The acceleration is maximum at t = T 27. For a simple pendulum, a graph is plotted between its
T kinetic energy (KE) and potential energy (PE) against its
(3) The speed is maximum at t =
4 displacement d. Which one of the following represents these
T correctly? (graphs are schematic and not drawn to scale)
(4) The P.E. is equal to K.E. of the oscillation at t = [2015]
2
E KE
(a) (1), (2) and (4) (b) (2), (3) and (4) E
PE
(c) (1), (2) and (3) (d) (1) and (4)
22. A particle undergoing simple harmonic motion has time (a) d (b)
KE

pt
dependent displacement given by x ( t ) = A sin . The PE
90
E E
ratio of kinetic to potential energy of this particle at KE
PE
t = 210s will be : [11 Jan 2019, I]
(c) PE (d)
KE
1 1 d d
(a) (b) 1 (c) 2 (d)
9 3
P-202 Physics

28. A pendulum with time period of 1s is losing energy. At

certain time its energy is 45 J. If after completing 15
Time Period, Frequency,
oscillations, its energy has become 15 J, its damping TOPIC 3 Simple Pendulum and Spring
constant (in s–1) is : [Online April 11, 2015] Pendulum
1 1 1 35. An object of mass m is suspended at the end of a massless
(a) (b) ln3 (c) 2 (d) ln3
2 30 15 wire of length L and area of cross-section, A. Young
29. This question has Statement 1 and Statement 2. Of the modulus of the material of the wire is Y. If the mass is
four choices given after the Statements, choose the one pulled down slightly its frequency of oscillation along the
that best describes the two Statements. vertical direction is: [Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]
If two springs S1 and S2 of force constants k1 and k 2
respectively, are stretched by the same force, it is found 1 mL 1 YA
(a) f = (b) f =
that more work is done on spring S1 than on spring S2. 2p YA 2p mL
Statement 1 : If stretched by the same amount work done
1 mA 1 YL
on S1 (c) f = (d) f =
Statement 2 : k1 < k2 [2012] 2p YL 2p mA
(a) Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is true. 36. When a particle of mass m is attached to a vertical spring
(b) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is false. of spring constant k and released, its motion is described
(c) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is by y (t) = y0 sin2wt, where ‘y’ is measured from the lower
the correct explanation for Statement 1 end of unstretched spring. Then w is :
(d) Statement 1 is true, Statement 2 is true, Statement 2 is [Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
not the correct explanation for Statement 1
30. A particle of mass m executes simple harmonic motion with 1 g g
(a) (b)
amplitude a and frequency n. The average kinetic energy 2 y0 y0
during its motion from the position of equilibrium to the
end is [2007] g 2g
(c) (d)
2
(a) 2p ma n 2 2 2
(b) p ma n 2 2 2 y0 y0
1 37. A block of mass m attached to a massless spring is
2 2
(c) ma n (d) 4p 2 ma 2 n2 performing oscillatory motion of amplitude 'A' on a
4
31. Starting from the origin a body oscillates simple frictionless horizontal plane. If half of the mass of the block
harmonically with a period of 2 s. After what time will its breaks off when it is passing through its equilibrium point,
kinetic energy be 75% of the total energy? [2006] the amplitude of oscillation for the remaining system
become fA. The value of f is : [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
1 1 1 1
(a) s (b) s (c) s (d) s 1 1
6 4 3 12 (a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 2
2 2
32. The total energy of a particle, executing simple harmonic
motion is [2004] 38. A person of mass M is, sitting on a swing of length L and
swinging with an angular amplitude q0. If the person stands
(a) independent of x (b) µ x2
up when the swing passes through its lowest point, the
(c) µ x (d) µ x1/2 work done by him, assuming that his centre of mass
where x is the displacement from the mean position, hence moves by a distance l (l<<L), is close to :
total energy is independent of x. [12 April 2019, II]
33. A body executes simple harmonic motion. The potential (a) mgl (1– q02) (b) mgl (1+q02)
energy (P.E), the kinetic energy (K.E) and total energy (T.E)
æ q0 2 ö
are measured as a function of displacement x. Which of
(c) mgl (d) Mgl çç 1 + 2 ÷
÷
the following statements is true ? [2003] è ø
(a) K.E. is maximum when x = 0 39. A simple pendulum oscillating in air has period T. The bob
(b) T.E is zero when x = 0
of the pendulum is completely immersed in a non-viscous
(c) K.E is maximum when x is maximum
(d) P.E is maximum when x = 0 1
liquid. The density of the liquid is th of the material of
34. In a simple harmonic oscillator, at the mean position 16
[2002] the bob. If the bob is inside liquid all the time, its period of
(a) kinetic energy is minimum, potential energy is maximum oscillation in this liquid is : [9 April 2019 I]
(b) both kinetic and potential energies are maximum
1 1 1 1
(c) kinetic energy is maximum, potential energy is minimum (a) 2T (b) 2T (c) 4T (d) 4T
(d) both kinetic and potential energies are minimum 10 14 15 14
 Oscillations P-203

40. Two light identical springs of spring constant k are attached 3 2

horizontally at the two ends of a uniform horizontal rod AB of (a) s (b) s
2 3
length l and mass m. The rod is pivoted at its centre ‘O’ and
can rotate frreely in horizontal plane. The other ends of two 3
(c) s (d) 2 3s
springs are fixed to rigid supports as shown in figure. The rod 2
is gently pushed through a small angle and released. The 45. A particle executes simple harmonic motion with an
frequency of resulting oscillation is: [12 Jan 2019, I] amplitude of 5 cm. When the particle is at 4 cm from the
A mean position, the magnitude of its velocity in SI units
is equal to that of its acceleration. Then, its periodic time
in seconds is: [10 Jan 2019, II]

y 4p 3
(a) (b) p
3 8
O
8p 7
(c) (d) p
x 3 3
46. A cylindrical plastic bottle of negligible mass is filled
with 310 ml of water and left floating in a pond with still
water. If pressed downward slightly and released, it
B starts performing simple harmonic motion at angular
1 3k 1 2k 1 6k 1 k frequency w. If the radius of the bottle is 2.5 cm then w
(a) (b) (c) (d) is close to: (density of water = 103 kg/m3)
2π m 2π m 2π m 2π m
41. A simple pendulum, made of a string of length l and a bob [10 Jan 2019, II]
–1
of mass m, is released from a small angle q0. It strikes a (a) 3.75 rad s (b) 1.25 rad s–1
block of mass M, kept on a horizontal surface at its lowest (c) 2.50 rad s –1
(d) 5.00 rad s–1
point of oscillations, elastically. It bounces back and goes 47. A rod of mass 'M' and length '2L' is suspended at its middle
up to an angle q1. The M is given by : [12 Jan 2019, I] by a wire. It exhibits torsional oscillations; If two masses
m æ θ0 + θ1 ö æ θ -θ ö each of 'm' are attached at distance 'L/2' from its centre on
(a) ç ÷ (b) mç 0 1 ÷
2 è θ0 - θ1 ø è θ0 + θ1 ø
both sides, it reduces the oscillation frequency by 20%.
The value of ratio m/M is close to : [9 Jan 2019, II]
æθ +θ ö m æ θ0 - θ1 ö (a) 0.77 (b) 0.57
(c) mç 0 1 ÷ (d) ç ÷
è θ0 - θ1 ø 2 è θ0 + θ1 ø (c) 0.37 (d) 0.17
42. A simple harmonic motion is represented by : 48. A silver atom in a solid oscillates in simple harmonic motion
y = 5(sin3pt + 3 cos3pt) cm in some direction with a frequency of 1012/sec. What is the
The amplitude and time period of the motion are : force constant of the bonds connecting one atom with the
other? (Mole wt. of silver = 108 and Avagadro number
[12 Jan 2019, II]
= 6.02 ×1023 gm mole –1) [2018]
2 3 (a) 6.4 N/m (b) 7.1 N/m (c) 2.2 N/m (d) 5.5 N/m
(a) 10 cm, s (b) 10 cm, s
3 2
49. A particle executes simple harmonic motion and is located
3 2 at x = a, b and c at times t0, 2t0 and 3t0 respectively. The
(c) 5 cm, s (d) 5 cm, s
2 3 frequency of the oscillation is [Online April 16, 2018]
43. A simple pendulum of length 1 m is oscillating with an
1 æa+bö 1 æa+bö
angular frequency 10 rad/s. The support of the pendulum (a) cos -1 ç ÷ (b) cos -1 ç ÷
starts oscillating up and down with a small angular 2pt 0 è 2c ø 2pt 0 è 3c ø
frequency of 1 rad/s and an amplitude of 10–2 m. The
1 æ 2a + 3c ö 1 æa +cö
relative change in the angular frequency of the pendulum (c) cos -1 ç ÷ (d) cos-1 ç ÷
is best given by : [11 Jan 2019, II] 2 pt 0 è b ø 2 pt 0 è 2b ø
(a) 10–3 rad/s (b) 1 rad/s 50. In an experiment to determine the period of a simple pen-
(c) 10–1 rad/s (d) 10–5 rad/s dulum of length 1 m, it is attached to different spherical
44. The mass and the diameter of a planet are three times the bobs of radii r1 and r2. The two spherical bobs have uni-
respective values for the Earth. The period of oscillation form mass distribution. If the relative difference in the pe-
of a simple pendulum on the Earth is 2s. The period of riods, is found to be 5 × 10–4 s, the difference in radii, |r1– r2|
oscillation of the same pendulum on the planet would be: is best given by: [Online April 9, 2017]
[11 Jan 2019, II] (a) 1 cm (b) 0.1 cm (c) 0.5 cm (d) 0.01 cm
P-204 Physics

51. A 1 kg block attached to a spring vibrates with a frequency

T (in s )
2
of 1 Hz on a frictionless horizontal table. Two springs
identical to the original spring are attached in parallel to an

2
8.0
8 kg block placed on the same table. So, the frequency of
vibration of the 8 kg block is : [Online April 8, 2017] 6.0
1 1 1
(a) Hz (b) Hz (c) Hz (d) 2 Hz 4.0
4 2 2 2
52. A pendulum clock loses 12 s a day if the temperature is
2.0
40°C and gains 4 s a day if the temperature is 20° C. The
temperature at which the clock will show correct time, and
the co-efficient of linear expansion (a) of the metal of the 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 L (in m)
pendulum shaft are respectively : [2016]
What is the value of g at the place?
(a) 30°C; a = 1.85 × 10–3/°C (a) 9.81 m/s2 (b) 9.87 m/s2
(b) 55°C; a = 1.85 × 10–2/°C (c) 9.91 m/s 2 (d) 10.0 m/s2
(c) 25°C; a = 1.85 × 10–5/°C 57. The amplitude of a simple pendulum, oscillating in air with
(d) 60°C; a = 1.85 × 10–4/°C a small spherical bob, decreases from 10 cm to 8 cm in 40
seconds. Assuming that Stokes law is valid, and ratio of
53. In an engine the piston undergoes vertical simple harmonic
the coefficient of viscosity of air to that of carbon dioxide
motion with amplitude 7 cm. A washer rests on top of the
piston and moves with it. The motor speed is slowly is 1.3. The time in which amplitude of this pendulum will
increased. The frequency of the piston at which the washer reduce from 10 cm to 5 cm in carbon dioxide will be close to
no longer stays in contact with the piston, is close to : (In 5 = 1.601, In 2 = 0.693). [Online April 9, 2014]
[Online April 10, 2016] (a) 231 s (b) 208 s (c) 161 s (d) 142 s
58. Two bodies of masses 1 kg and 4 kg are connected to a
(a) 0.7 Hz (b) 1.9 Hz (c) 1.2 Hz (d) 0.1 Hz
vertical spring, as shown in the figure. The smaller mass
54. A pendulum made of a uniform wire of cross sectional area executes simple harmonic motion of angular frequency
A has time period T. When an additional mass M is added 25 rad/s, and amplitude 1.6 cm while the bigger mass
to its bob, the time period changes to TM. If the Young's remains stationary on the ground. The maximum force
1 exerted by the system on the floor is (take g = 10 ms–2)
modulus of the material of the wire is Y then is equal
Y [Online April 9, 2014]
to: 1 kg
(g = gravitational acceleration) [2015]
é æ T ö2 ù A é æ T ö2 ù A
(a) ê1 - ç M ÷ ú (b) ê1 - ç T ÷ ú Mg
ë è T ø û Mg ëê è M ø úû
éæ T ö2 ù A éæ T ö
2 ù Mg 4 kg
(c) êç M ÷ - 1ú (d) êç M ÷ - 1ú
ëè T ø û Mg ëè T ø û A
55. A particle moves with simple harmonic motion in a straight (a) 20 N (b) 10 N (c) 60 N (d) 40 N
line. In first t s, after starting from rest it travels a distance 59. An ideal gas enclosed in a vertical cylindrical container
supports a freely moving piston of mass M. The piston
a, and in next t s it travels 2a, in same direction, then:
and the cylinder have equal cross sectional area A. When
(a) amplitude of motion is 3a [2014] the piston is in equilibrium, the volume of the gas is V0
(b) time period of oscillations is 8t and its pressure is P0. The piston is slightly displaced
(c) amplitude of motion is 4a from the equilibrium position and released. Assuming that
(d) time period of oscillations is 6t the system is completely isolated from its surrounding,
the piston executes a simple harmonic motion with
56. In an experiment for determining the gravitational
frequency [2013]
acceleration g of a place with the help of a simple
pendulum, the measured time period square is plotted 1 AgP0 V
1 0 0MP
(a) (b)
against the string length of the pendulum in the figure. 2p V0 M 2p A 2 g
[Online April 19, 2014]
1 A 2 gP0 1 MV0
(c) (d)
2p MV0 2p AgP0
 Oscillations P-205

60. A mass m = 1.0 kg is put on a flat pan attached to a vertical ld lr

spring fixed on the ground. The mass of the spring and the (a) 2p (b) 2p
rg dg
pan is negligible. When pressed slightly and released, the
mass executes simple harmonic motion. The spring ld lr
constant is 500 N/m. What is the amplitude A of the (c) 2p (d) 2p (r - d ) g
motion, so that the mass m tends to get detached from
(r - d ) g
the pan ? 65. If x, v and a denote the displacement, the velocity and
(Take g = 10 m/s2). the acceleration of a particle executing simple harmonic
motion of time period T, then, which of the following
The spring is stiff enough so that it does not get distorted
does not change with time? [2009]
during the motion. [Online April 22, 2013]
(a) aT/x (b) aT + 2pv
m (c) aT/v (d) a2T2 + 4p2v2
66. Two springs, of force constants k1 and k2 are connected
to a mass m as shown. The frequency of oscillation of
the mass is f. If both k1 and k2 are made four times their
k original values, the frequency of oscillation becomes
[2007]
m
(a) A > 2.0 cm (b) A = 2.0 cm k1 k2
(c) A < 2.0 cm (d) A = 1.5 cm
61. Two simple pendulums of length 1 m and 4 m respectively (a) 2 f (b) f /2 (c) f /4 (d) 4 f
are both given small displacement in the same direction 67. The displacement of an object attached to a spring and
at the same instant. They will be again in phase after the executing simple harmonic motion is given by x = 2 × 10–2
shorter pendulum has completed number of oscillations cos pt metre.The time at which the maximum speed first
equal to : [Online April 9, 2013] occurs is [2007]
(a) 2 (b) 7 (c) 5 (d) 3
(a) 0.25 s (b) 0.5 s (c) 0.75 s (d) 0.125 s
62. If a simple pendulum has significant amplitude (up to a
68. The bob of a simple pendulum is a spherical hollow ball
factor of 1/e of original) only in the period between t =
filled with water. A plugged hole near the bottom of the
0s to t = t s, then t may be called the average life of the
oscillating bob gets suddenly unplugged. During
pendulum. When the spherical bob of the pendulum
observation, till water is coming out, the time period of
suffers a retardation (due to viscous drag) proportional oscillation would [2005]
to its velocity with b as the constant of proportionality,
the average life time of the pendulum in second is (a) first decrease and then increase to the original value
(assuming damping is small) [2012] (b) first increase and then decrease to the original value
0.693 1 2 (c) increase towards a saturation value
(a) (b) b (c) (d)
b b b (d) remain unchanged
63. A ring is suspended from a point S on its rim as shown in 69. If a simple harmonic motion is represented by
the figure. When displaced from equilibrium, it oscillates 2
with time period of 1 second. The radius of the ring is d x
+ ax = 0 , its time period is [2005]
(take g = p2) [Online May 19, 2012] dt 2
S 2p 2p
(a) (b) (c) 2p a (d) 2pa
a a
70. The bob of a simple pendulum executes simple harmonic
motion in water with a period t, while the period of oscillation
of the bob is t0 in air. Neglecting frictional force of water and
(a) 0.15 m (b) 1.5 m (c) 1.0 m (d) 0.5 m given that the density of the bob is (4 / 3) ´ 1000 kg/m 3 .
64. A wooden cube (density of wood ‘d’) of side ‘l’ floats in a Which relationship between t and t0 is true? [2004]
liquid of density ‘r’ with its upper and lower surfaces (a) t = 2t 0 (b) t = t 0 / 2
horizontal. If the cube is pushed slightly down and
released, it performs simple harmonic motion of period (c) t = t0 (d) t = 4t 0
‘T’ [2011 RS]
P-206 Physics

71. A particle at the end of a spring executes S.H.M with a 78. An oscillator of mass M is at rest in its equilibrium position
period t1. while the corresponding period for another spring
1 2
is t2. If the period of oscillation with the two springs in in a potential V = k(x - X) . A particle of mass m comes
series is T then [2004] 2
from right with speed u and collides completely inelastically
-1 -1 -1
(a) T = t1 + t 2 (b) T 2 = t12 + t 22 with M and sticks to it. This process repeats every time
the oscillator crosses its equilibrium position. The
(c) T = t1 + t2 (d) T -2 = t1-2 + t 2-2
amplitude of oscillations after 13 collisions is:
72. A mass M is suspended from a spring of negligible mass. (M = 10, m = 5, u = 1, k = 1). [Online April 16, 2018]
The spring is pulled a little and then released so that the 1
1
mass executes SHM of time period T. If the mass is (a) (b)
2 3
5T
increased by m, the time period becomes . Then the
3 2 3
m (c) (d)
ratio of is [2003] 3 5
M
3 25 16 5 79. The angular frequency of the damped oscillator is given
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 9 9 3
æk r2 ö
73. The length of a simple pendulum executing simple harmonic
by, w = çç m - ÷ where k is the spring constant, m
motion is increased by 21%. The percentage increase in è 4m 2 ÷ø
the time period of the pendulum of increased length is is the mass of the oscillator and r is the damping constant.
[2003]
r2
(a) 11% (b) 21% (c) 42% (d) 10% If the ratio is 8%, the change in time period
mk
74. If a spring has time period T, and is cut into n equal parts, compared to the undamped oscillator is approximately
then the time period of each part will be [2002] as follows: [Online April 11, 2014]
(a) T n (b) T / n (c) nT (d) T (a) increases by 1% (b) increases by 8%
75. A child swinging on a swing in sitting position, stands up, (c) decreases by 1% (d) decreases by 8%
then the time period if the swing will [2002] 80. The amplitude of a damped oscillator decreases to 0.9 times
(a) increase its original magnitude in 5s. In another 10s it will decrease
to a times its original magnitude, where a equals [2013]
(b) decrease
(a) 0.7 (b) 0.81 (c) 0.729 (d) 0.6
(c) remains same
81. A uniform cylinder of length L and mass M having cross-
(d) increases if the child is long and decreases if the
sectional area A is suspended, with its length vertical, from
child is short
a fixed point by a massless spring, such that it is half
submerged in a liquid of density s at equilibrium position.
Damped, Forced
TOPIC 4 When the cylinder is given a downward push and released,
Oscillations and Resonance it starts oscillating vertically with a small amplitude. The
time period T of the oscillations of the cylinder will be :
76. A damped harmonic oscillator has a frequency of 5
[Online April 25, 2013]
oscillations per second. The amplitude drops to half its
1
value for every 10 oscillations. The time it will take to drop é M ù 2
(a) Smaller than 2p ê ú
to
1
of the original amplitude is close to : ë (k + Asg ) û
1000
M
[8 April 2019, II] (b) 2p
k
(a) 50s (b) 100s (c) 20s (d) 10s 1
77. The displacement of a damped harmonic oscillator is given é M ù 2
(c) Larger than 2p ê ú
by x(t) = e–0.1t. cos(10pt + j). Here t is in seconds. ë (k + Asg ) û
1
The time taken for its amplitude of vibration to drop to half é M ù 2
of its initial value is close to : [9 Jan 2019, II] (d) 2p ê ú
ë ( k + Asg ) û
(a) 4s (b) 7s (c) 13s (d) 27s
 Oscillations P-207

82. Bob of a simple pendulum of length l is made of iron. 83. In forced oscillation of a particle the amplitude is
The pendulum is oscillating over a horizontal coil maximum for a frequency w1 of the force while the energy
carrying direct current. If the time period of the pendulum is maximum for a frequency w2 of the force; then
is T then : [Online April 23, 2013] [2004]
(a) w1 < w2 when damping is small and w1 > w2 when
l damping is large
(a) T < 2p and damping is smaller than in air alone.
g (b) w1 > w2
(c) w1 = w2
l (d) w1 < w2
(b) T = 2p and damping is larger than in air alone.
g 84. A particle of mass m is attached to a spring (of spring
constant k) and has a natural angular frequency w0. An
l
(c) T > 2p and damping is smaller than in air alone. external force F(t) proportional to cos wt (w ¹ w 0 ) is
g
applied to the oscillator. The displacement of the oscillator
will be proportional to [2004]
l
(d) T < 2p and damping is larger than in air alone. 1 1
g (a) 2 2 (b) m (w 2 - w 2 )
m (w 0 + w ) 0
m m
(c) 2 2 (d) 2 2
w0 - w (w 0 + w )
P-208 Physics

1. (a) Here, vx = – a w sin wt, vy = a w cos wt and vz = aw Equilibrium point A

Þ v = v 2x + v 2y + v z2 5. (d)
A O
( –aw sin wt ) + ( aw cos wt ) + ( aw )
2 2 2
Þv= 2
(at time t = 0)
v = 2aw
2. (c) From the two mutually perpendicular S.H.M.’s, the
general equation of Lissajous figure,
12 0°

x2 y2 2 xy
2
+ 2- cos d = sin 2 d 60°
A B AB
x = A sin (at + d)
y = B sin (bt + r) p
Angle covered to meet q = 60° = rad.
Clearly A ¹ B hence ellipse. 3
3. (b) Maximum velocity in SHM, vmax = aw If they cross each other at time t then
Maximum acceleration in SHM, Amax = aw2 q p T
where a and w are maximum amplitude and angular t< < T<
2p 3≥2p 6
frequency. 6. (c) As we know,
A F = ma Þ a µ F
Given that, max = 10
v max or, a µ sin t
i.e., w = 10 s–1 Þ
dv
µ sin t
Displacement is given by dt
x = a sin (wt + p/4) 0 t
at t = 0, x = 5
5 = a sin p/4
Þ ò dV µ ò sin t dt
0 0
5 = a sin 45° Þ a = 5 2 V µ – cos t + 1
x t
Maximum acceleration Amax = aw2 = 500 2 m/s2
2 2
ò dx = ò (- cos t + 1) dt
4. (b) We know that V = w A - x 0 0
2 1
2 æ 2A ö x = sin t – sin 2t
Initially V = w A - ç ÷ 2
è 3 ø 7. (c) At t = 0, x (t) = 0 ; y (t) = 0
2 x (t) is a sinusoidal function
2 æ 2A ö
Finally 3V = w A' - ç ÷ p
è 3 ø At t = ; x (t) = a and y (t) = 0
2A 2w
Where A'= final amplitude (Given at x = , velocity to Hence trajectory of particle will look like as (c).
3
trebled) 8. (c) Given: Time period, T = 0.5 sec
On dividing we get Amplitude, A = 1 cm
Average velocity in the interval in which body moves
2 from equilibrium to half of its amplitude, v = ?
æ 2A ö
A' 2 - ç ÷
3 è 3 ø S
=
1 æ 2A ö
2
A2 - ç ÷
è 3 ø
é 2 4A 2 ù 4A 2 7A
9 ê A - 9 ú = A'2 – \ A' =
ëê ûú 9 3 O
 Oscillations P-209

Time taken to a displacement A/2 where A is the

k k
T MA1 = ( M + m) A2
amplitude of oscillation from the mean position ‘O’ is M m+M
12
0.5 æ k ö
Therefore, time, t = sec \ çV = A M ÷
12 è ø
A 1 Þ A1 M = A2 M + m
Displacement, s = = cm
2 2
A 1 1 A m+M
Þ A = M
\ Average velocity, v = 2 = 2 = 12 cm / s 2
t 0.5 14. (a) Given,
12
9. (d) In linear S.H.M., the restoring force acting on particle Displacement, x = x0 cos (wt – p / 4 )
should always be proportional to the displacement of the dx æ pö
particle and directed towards the equilibrium position. \ Velocity, v = = - x0 w sin ç wt - ÷
dt è 4ø
i.e., F µ x
Acceleration,
or F = - bx where b is a positive constant.
dv 2 æ pö
10. (b) Two perpendicular S.H.Ms are a= = - x0w cos ç wt - ÷
dt è 4ø
x = a1 cos wt ....(1)
and y = a2 2 cos wt ....(2) 2 é æ pö ù
= x0w cos ê p + ç wt - ÷ ú
From eqn (1) ë è 4øû
x
= cos wt æ 3p ö
a1 = x0 w 2 cos ç wt + ÷ ...(1)
è 4ø
and from eqn (2)
Acceleration, a = A cos (wt + d) ...(2)
y Comparing the two equations, we get
= 2cos wt
a2
3p
A = x0w2 and d = .
a 4
\ y= 2 2 x
a1 15. (b) For block A to move in SHM.
N
11. (a) Displacement y (t) = A sin (wt + f)[Given]
2p A
For f =
3
2p
at t = 0; y = A sin f = A sin mg x
mean
3
= A sin 120° = 0.87 A [Q sin 120° ; 0.866] position
Graph (a) depicts y = 0.87A at t = 0 mg – N = mw2x
12. (a) Let, x1 = A sin w t and x2 = A sin (w t + f) where x is the distance from mean position
For block to leave contact N = 0
æ fö f
x2 – x1 = 2A cos çè wt + 2 ÷ø sin 2
g
Þ mg = mw 2 x Þ x =
f w2
The above equation is SHM with amplitude 2A sin
2 16. (a) Maximum velocity,
f
\ 2 A sin = A vmax = a w
2
f 1 p Here, a = amplitude of SHM
Þ sin = Þf=
2 2 3 w = angular velocity of SHM
13. (c) At mean position, F net = 0 2p æ 2p ö
Therefore, by principal of conseruation of linear
vmax = a ´ \ çèQ w = ÷ø
T T
momentum.
-3
\ Mv1 = (M + m)v2 2pa 2 ´ 3.14 ´ 7 ´ 10
ÞT = = » 0.01 s
M w, a, = (M + m) w2 a2 vmax 4.4
P-210 Physics

p x = 4 2 sin(p t + 45°)
17. (a) Clearly sin 2wt is a periodic function with period
w On comparing it with standard equation x = A sin(wt + f)
we get A = 4 2
21. (c) From graph equation of SHM
X = A cos wt
0 p/w 2p/w 3p/w
2 3T
d y (1) At particle is at mean position.
For SHM 2
µ -y 4
dt
\ Acceleration = 0, Force = 0
1 – cos 2wt
y = sin2 wt = (2) At T particle again at extreme position so acceleration
2 is maximum.
1 1
= – cos 2wt T
2 2 (3) At t = , particle is at mean position so velocity is
4
dy 1
v= = ´ 2w sin 2wt = 2w sin wt cos wt maximum.
dt 2
Acceleration = 0
= w sin 2wt
(4) When KE = PE
2
d y 2 1 1
Acceleration, a = = 2w cos 2wt which is not Þ k ( A2 - x 2 ) = kx 2
dt 2 2 2
proportional to –y. Hence, it is not in SHM. Here, A = amplitude of SHM
18. (b) Velocity of particle 1, x = displacement from mean position
dy1 æ pö +A
v1 = = 0.1 ´ 100p cos ç100pt + ÷ Þ A2 = 2 x 2 Þ x =
dt è 3ø 2
Velocity of particle 2,
A T
dy æ pö Þ = A cos wt Þ t =
v2 = 2 = - 0.1p sin pt = 0.1p cos ç pt + ÷ 2 2
dt è 2ø \ x = – A which is not possible
\ Phase difference of velocity of particle 1 with respect to \ 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
the velocity of particle 2 is
1
p p 2 p - 3p p 22. (d) Kinetic energy, k = mw 2 A 2 cos 2 wt
= f1 - f 2 = - = =– 2
3 2 6 6
1
19. (c) Maximum velocity during SHM, Vmax = Aw Potential energy, U = mw 2 A 2 sin 2 wt
But k = mw2 2
k 2 2 p 1
k = cot wt = cot (210) =
\ w= U 90 3
m
1 2 2
\ Maximum velocity of the body in SHM 23. (a) K = mw x
2
k
=A 1
m Þ K max = mw 2 A 2
2
As maximum velocities are equal
A = Lq
k1 k
\ A1 = A2 2 g
m m w=
L
A1 k2
Þ A1 k 1 = A 2 k2 Þ = 1 g 2 2
A2 k1 Þ K= m. .L q
2 L
20. (c) Displacement, x = 4(cos pt + sin pt ) 1
= mgLq 2
æ sin pt cos pt ö 2
= 2 ´ 4ç + ÷
è 2 2 ø K L 1
\ 1 = = Þ K 2 = 2K1
K 2 2L 2
= 4 2(sin p t cos 45° + cos p t sin 45°)
 Oscillations P-211

K1 L 1 Taking log on both sides

\ = = Þ K 2 = 2K1 b 1
K 2 2L 2 = ln3
m 15
1 2
24. (c) Potential energy (U) = kx 1 2
2 29. (b) Work done, w = kx
2
1 2 1 2
Kinetic energy (K) = kA - kx 1
2 2 Work done by spring S1, w1 = k1x 2
2
According to the question, U = k
1
1 1 1 Work done by spring S2, w2 = k2 x 2
\ kx 2 = kA2 - kx 2 2
2 2 2
Since w1 > w2 Thus (k1 > k2)
A 30. (b) The kinetic energy of a particle executing S.H.M. at
Þ x2 = A2 or, x =±
2 any instant t is given by
25. (b) For a particle executing SHM
1 2 2 2
At mean position; t = 0, wt = 0, y = 0, V = Vmax = aw K= ma w sin wt
2
1
\ K.E. = KEmax = mw2a2 where, m = mass of particle
2 a = amplitude
T p w = angular frequency
At extreme position : t = , wt = , y = A, V = Vmin = 0
4 2 t = time
\ K.E. = KEmin = 0
1
1 The average value of sin 2wt over a cycle is .
Kinetic energy in SHM, KE = mw2(a2 – y2) 2
2
1 1 æ 1ö æ 2 1ö
= mw2a2cos2wt \KE = mw2a2 çè ÷ø çè Q < sin q > = ÷ø
2 2 2 2
Hence graph (b) correctly depicts kinetic energy time graph. 1 2 2 1
26. (b) Since system dissipates its energy gradually, and = mw a = ma2 (2pn)2 (Q w = 2pn)
4 4
hence amplitude will also decreases with time according to
a = a0 e–bt/m ....... (i) 2 2 2
or, < K > = p ma n
Q Energy of vibration drop to half of its initial value 31. (a) K.E. of a body undergoing SHM is given by,
(E0), as E µ a2 Þ a µ E 1 2 2 2
K .E. = ma w cos wt
a -2 2
a = 0 Þ bt = 10 t = t
2 m 0.1 10 Here, a = amplitude of SHM
w = angular velocity of SHM
From eqn (i),
a0 1 2 2
= a 0e - t 10 Total energy in S.H.M = ma w
2 2
1
t Given K.E. = 75% T.E.
= e - t 10 or 2 = e10 1 75 1
2 ma 2 w 2 cos 2 w t = ´ ma 2 w 2
t 2 100 2
ln 2 = \ t = 3.5 seconds
10 2 p
Þ 0.75 = cos wt Þ wt =
1 2 2 6
27. (d) K.E = k ( A - d )
2 p p´2 1
1 2 Þt= Þt= Þt= s
and P.E. = kd 6´w 6 ´ 2p 6
2 32. (a) At any instant the total energy in SHM is
At mean position d = 0. At extreme positions d = A
bt 1 2
– kA = constant,
28. (d) As we know, E = E0 e m 2 0
b15
where A0 = amplitude
– k = spring constant
15 = 45e m
hence total energy is independent of x.
[As no. of oscillations = 15 so t = 15sec] 33. (a) K.E. of simple harmonic motion
b15
1 – 1
=e m = mw2 (a 2 - x 2 )
3 2
P-212 Physics

34. (c) The kinetic energy (K. E.) of particle in SHM is given by,
l
1
K.E = k ( A2 - x 2 ) ; 39. (c) T = 2p
g
2
1 2 When immersed non viscous liquid
Potential energy of particle in SHM is U = kx
2 æ g ö 15 g
Where A = amplitude and k = mw2 amt = ç g - ÷ =
è 16 ø 16
x = displacement from the mean position
At the mean position x = 0
1 2 l l 4
T ¢ = 2p = 2p = T
\ K.E. = kA = Maximum 0net 15 g 15
2 Now
and U = 0 16
35. (b) An elastic wire can be treated as a spring and its spring
40. (c) Net torque due to spring force:
constant.
l
YA é F Dl ù t = -2Kx cos q
k= êQ Y = A l0 úû
2
L ë l
Frequency of oscillation, x=
2
1 k 1 YA
f = =
2p m 2p mL
q
36. (c) y = y0 sin 2 wt
y0 æ 1 - cos 2wt ö
çèQ sin wt =
2
Þy= (1 - cos 2wt ) ÷ø
2 2
y0 - y0 q
Þ y- = cos 2wt
2 2
Þ y = A cos 2wt Kx
æ Kl 2 ö é Kl 2 ù
y0 Þ t=ç ÷ q = -Cq êlet C = ú
\ Amplitude = è 2 ø 2 ûú
2 ëê
Angular velocity = 2w Þ So, frequency of resulting oscillations
ky0 k 2g Kl2
For equilibrium of mass, = mg Þ =
2 m y0 1 C 1 2 = 1 6K
f= =
2 2p I 2p Ml 2 2p M
Also, spring constant k = m(2w)
12
k 2g 1 2g g 41. (b)
Þ 2w = = Þw= =
m y0 2 y0 2 y0
q0 l
1 2
37. (a) Potential energy of spring = kx
2
Here, x = distance of block from mean position,
mM
k = spring constant
Velocity before colision v = 2gl(1 - cos q0 )
1
At mean position, potential energy = kA2 Velocity after colision
2
At equilibrium position, half of the mass of block breaks v1 = 2gl(1 - cos q1)
off, so its potential energy becomes half. Using momentum conservation
mv = MVm – mV1
1 æ 1 2ö 1 2
Remaining energy = ç kA ÷ø = kA ' m 2gl(1 - cos q0 ) = MVm - m 2gl(1 - cos q)
2è2 2
Here, A' = New distance of block from mean position Þ m 2gl { 1 - cos q0 + 1 - cos q1 = MVm}
A
Þ A' = Vm + 2gl(1 - cos q1)
2 and e = 1 =
38. (b) 2gl(1 - cos q0 )
 Oscillations P-213

2gl ( 1 - cos q0 - 1 - cos q1 = Vm ) ... (i) Þ w A 2 – x2 = w2 x

Þ A 2 – x 2 = w2 x 2
m 2gl ( 1 - cos q 0 + 1 - cos q1 ) = MVM ... (ii)
Þ 5 2 – 4 2 = w2 ( 4 2 )
Dividing (ii) by (i) we get
3
( 1 - cos q0 + 1 - cos q1 )=M 3 = w × 4 Þ w=
4
( 1 - cos q0 - 1 - cos q1 ) m
\ T = 2p/w =
2 p 8p
=
3/ 4 3
By componendo and dividendo rule 46. (Bonus)
æq ö B0– B )
sin ç 1 ÷
m-M 1 - cos q1 è 2ø
= =
m+M 1 - cos q0 æ q0 ö
sin ç ÷
è 2ø
x
M q0 - q1 q -q a at
Þ = ÞM=m 0 1 equilibriu
m q0 + q1 q0 + q1 x0 B0 = mg

42. (a) Given : y = 5 éësin(3pt) + 3 cos(3pt) ùû

æ pö mg
Þ y = 10sin ç 3pt + 3 ÷
è ø Extra boyant force = rAxg
\ Amplitude = 10 cm B0 + B = mg + ma
2p 2p 2 \ B = ma = rAxg = (pr2rg)x
Time period, T = = = s
w 3p 3
a=
( pr rg ) x
2

g m
43. (a) Angular frequency of pendulum w =
l using, a = w2x
\ relative change in angular frequency
pr 2rg
Þw=
Dw 1 Dg [as length remains constant] m
=
w 2 g W ;7.95 rads–1
47. (c)
D g = 2Aws2 [ws = angular frequency of support and, A =
amplitude]
L/2 L/2
Dw 1 2Aws2
= ´ m m
w 2 g

1 2 ´12 ´10 –2 M
Dw = ´ = 10–3 rad/sec.
2 10 L– X–L
GM 1 C
44. (d) Acceleration due to gravity g = 2 f1 = ...(i)
R 2p 1
2
gp Mp æ R e ö 2
æ1ö 1 1 3C
= ç ÷÷ = 3 ç ÷ = =
g e M e çè R p ø è3ø 3 2 ML2

1 Tp g 1 C
Also T µ Þ = e= 3 f2 =
2p æM M ö
g Te gp L2 ç + ÷ ...(ii)
è 3 2 ø
Þ Tp = 2 3 s As frequency reduces by 80%
f2
45. (c) Velocity, v = w A 2 – x 2 ...(i) \ f2 = 0.8 f1 Þ f = 0.8 ...(iii)
1
acceleration, a = –w2x ...(ii)
Solving equations (i), (ii) & (iii)
and according to question,
m
| v | =| a | Ratio = 0.37
M
P-214 Physics

As frequency reduces by 80%

1 k´2 1
f2 F= = Hz
\ f2 = 0.8 f1 Þ f = 0.8 ...(iii) 2p g 2
1 1
Solving equations (i), (ii) & (iii) 52. (c) Time lost/gained per day = µ Dq ´ 86400 second
2
m 1
Ratio= 0.37 12 = a (40 – q) ´ 86400 .... (i)
M 2
48. (b) As we know, frequency in SHM 1
4 = a (q – 20) ´ 86400 ....(ii)
1 k 2
f= = 1012
2p m 40 – q
where m = mass of one atom On dividing we get, 3 =
q – 20
108 3q – 60 = 40 – q
´10-3 kg
(
Mass of one atom of silver, = 6.02 ´ 1023
) 4q = 100 Þ q = 25°C
53. (b) Washer contact with piston Þ N = 0
1 k Given Amplitude A = 7 cm = 0.07 m.
´ 6.02 ´ 1023 = 1012
2p 108 ´ 10-3 amax = g = w2A
Solving we get, spring constant, The frequency of piston
K = 7.1N/m ω g 1 1000 1
49. (d) Using y = A sin wt f< < < < 1.9 Hz.
2π A 2π 7 2p
a = A sin wt0
b = A sin 2wt0 l
c = A sin 3wt0 54. (c) As we know, time period, T = 2p
g
a + c = A[sin wt0 + A sin 3wt0] = 2A sin 2wt0 cos wt0
When additional mass M is added then
a+c
= 2cos wt 0 l + Dl
b TM = 2p
1 æ a + cö 1 æ a + cö g
Þ w = cos -1 ç Þf = cos -1 ç
t0 è 2b ÷ø 2 pt 0 è 2b ÷ø TM l + Dl
=
T l
50. (b) As we know, Time-period of simple pendulum,
2
Tµ l æ TM ö l + Dl
Þç ÷ =
è T ø l
DT 1 Dl
differentiating both side, =
T 2 l æ TM ö
2
Mg é Mgl ù
Q change in length Dl = r1 – r2 or, ç
è T ø÷ = 1+
AY
êëQ Dl = AY úû
1 r1 - r2
5 ´ 10-4 = 1 éæ TM ö
2 ù A
2 1 \ = êç ÷ - 1 ú
Y êè T ø úû Mg
r1 – r2 = 10 × 10–4 ë
10–3 m = 10–1 cm = 0.1 cm 55. (d) In simple harmonic motion, starting from rest,
At t = 0 , x = A
1 k x = Acoswt ..... (i)
51. (c) Frequency of spring (f ) = = 1 Hz
2p m When t = t , x = A – a
When t = 2 t , x = A –3a
k m = 1 kg From equation (i)
Þ 4p 2 =
m A – a = Acosw t ......(ii)
A – 3a = A cos2w t ....(iii)
If block of mass m = 1 kg is attached then, As cos2w t = 2 cos2 w t – 1...(iv)
From equation (ii), (iii) and (iv)
k = 4p2
2
Now, identical springs are attached in parallel with mass m A - 3a æ A-a ö
= 2ç ÷ -1
= 8 kg. Hence, A è A ø
keq = 2k k
8 kg A - 3a 2 A2 + 2a 2 - 4 Aa - A2
Þ =
A A2
 Oscillations P-215

Þ A2 – 3aA = A2 + 2a2 – 4Aa = 4 × 10 + 625 × 1.6 × 10–2 + 1 × 10

Þ 2a2 = aA = 40 + 10 + 10
Þ A = 2a = 60 N
a 1 Mg
Þ = 59. (c) = P0
A 2 A
Now, A – a = A coswt P0V0 g = PV g
A- a Mg = P0A … (1)
Þ cos wt = Let piston is displaced by distance x
A
P0 Ax0 g = PA( x0 - x ) g
1 2p p
Þ cos wt = or t= P0 x0
g
2 T 3 P=
Þ T = 6t ( x0 - x )g
56. (b) From graph it is clear that when Piston
L = 1m, T2 = 4s2
As we know,
x
L
T = 2p
g x0 Cylinder
containing
4 p2 L ideal gas
Þ g=
T2 æ P xg ö
Mg - ç 0 0 g ÷ A = Frestoring
2
æ 22 ö 1 æ 22 ö
2 ç ( x - x) ÷
= 4´ç ÷ ´ = ç ÷ è 0 ø
è 7 ø 4 è 7 ø æ x0g ö
484 P0 A ç1 - ÷ = Frestoring [ x - x » x ]
\ g= = 9.87m / s 2 ç ( x - x) ÷ g 0 0
49 è 0 ø
57. (d) As we know, gP Ax
F=- 0
x = x0 e–bt/2m x0
From question, \ Frequency with which piston executes SHM.
40b
- ....(i) 1 gP0 A 1 gP0 A2
8 = 10e 2m f = =
2p x0 M 2p MV0
bt
-
Similarly, 5 = 10e 2m ....(ii) 60. (c) As F = -kx
Solving eqns (i) and (ii) we get 61. (a) Let T1 and T2 be the time period of the two pendulums
t @ 142 s 1 4
T1 = 2p and T2 = 2p
58. (c) Mass of bigger body M = 4 kg g g
Mass of smaller body m = 1 kg
Smaller mass (m = 1 kg) executes S.H.M of angular As l1 < l 2 therefore T1 < T2
frequency w = 25 rad/s Let at t = 0 they start swinging together. Since their time
Amplitude x = 1.6 cm = 1.6 × 10–2 periods are different, the swinging will not be in unison
As we know, always. Only when number of completed oscillations
differ by an integer, the two pendulums will again begin
m to swing together
T = 2p
K Let longer length pendulum complete n oscillation and
shorter length pendulum complete (n + 1) oscillation. For
2p m unison swinging
or, = 2p
w K (n + 1)T1 = nT2
1 1
or, = [Q m = 1kg; w = 25 rad / s ] (n + 1) ´ 2p
l
= (n) ´ 2p
4
25 K
g g
or, K = 625 Nm–1.
The maximum force exerted by the system on the floor Þn=1
= Mg + Kx + mg \n+1=1+1=2
P-216 Physics

62. (d) The equation of motion for the pendulum, for rg ld

damped harmonic motion \ w= Þ T = 2p
dl rg
F = – kx - bv
65. (a) For an SHM, the acceleration
Þ ma + kx + bv = 0
a = -w2 x where w 2 is a constant.
Þ d 2x dx
m 2 + kx + b =0 –4p 2 x aT –4p2
dt dt a= Þ =
d2 x k b dx
T2 x T
Þ + x+ =0 aT
dt 2 m m dt The time period T is also constant. Therefore, is a
x
constant.
d2 x b dx k
Þ + + x =0 … (1) 66. (a) The two springs are in parallel.
2 m dt m
dt \ Effective spring constant,
Let x = elt is the solution of the equation (1) k = k1 + k2
Initial frequency of oscillation is given by
dx d2 x
= lelt Þ = l 2 elt
dt dt 2 1 k1 + k 2
v = ....(i)
Substituting in the equation (1) 2p m
b k When both k1 and k2 are made four times their original
l 2 elt + l elt + elt = 0
m m values, the new frequency is given by
b k
l2 + l + = 0 1 4 k1 + 4 k 2
m m v' =
2p m
b b2 k 4(k1 + 4k 2 ) æ 1 k1 + k2 ö
- ± -4 1
m m 2 m -b ± b2 - 4km = = 2ç ÷÷ = 2v
l= = 2p m ç 2p m
è ø
2 2m
67. (b) Here, Displacement, x = 2 × 10–2 cos p t
Solving the equation (1) for x, we have
-b
Velocity is given by
t
x= e m
2 dx
v= = 2 × 10–2 p sin p t
k +b dt
w = w0 2 - l 2 where w0 = , l =
m 2 For the first time, the when velocity becomes maximum,
1 2 sin p t = 1
The average life = =
l b Þ sin p t = sin p
63. (a) 2
64. (a) Let the cube be at a depth x from the equilibrium p 1
position. Þ pt = or,, t = = 0.5 sec.
2 2
Force acting on the cube = up thrust on the portion of
length x. 68. (b) When plugged hole near the bottom of the oscillating
bob gets suddenly unplugged, centre of mass of
F = – rl 2 xg [\ mass density X volume ] ....(i) combination of liquid and hollow portion (at position l ),
Clearly F µ – x, Hence it is a SHM. first goes down ( to l + D l) and when total water is drained
Equation of SHM is F = –kx ....(ii)
Comparing equation (i) and (ii) we have out, centre of mass regain its original position (to l ),
k = rl2g l
m Time period, T = 2p
g
Now, Time period, T = 2p
k \ ‘T ’ first increases and then decreases to original value.
3
l d
Þ T = 2p
rl 2 g
ld
= 2p
rg
c
Comparing the above equation with
a = –w2x, we get
 Oscillations P-217

l m 25
70. (a) Time period, t = 2p ; Þ 1+ =
g eff M 9
l m 25 16
In air, t 0 = 2p Þ = -1 =
g M 9 9
Buoyant l
force 1000 Vg 73. (d) Time period, T = 2p
g

New length, l ' = l + 2 1 % o f l

4
´ 1000 Vg l' = l + 0.21 l
3
Weight Þ l' = 1.21 l
æ4 ö 1000
Net force = ç - 1 ÷ ´ 1000 Vg = Vg 1.21l
è3 ø 3 T ' = 2p
g
1000 Vg g
geff = =
4 T '- T
3 ´ ´1000V 4 % increase in length = ´100
3 T
l l
\ t = 2p = 2 ´ 2p 1.21l - l
g /4 g =
l
´ 100 = ( )
1.21 - 1 ´ 100
t = 2t0
= (1.1 - 1) ´ 100 = 10%
m
71. (b) Time period for first spring, t1 = 2p , 74. (b) Let k be the spring constant of the original spring.
k1
m
m Time period T = 2p where m is the mas s of oscillating
Time period for second spring, t 2 = 2p k
k2 body.
k1k 2 When the spring is cut into n equal parts, the spring
Force constant of the series combination keff =
kl + k 2 constant of one part becomes nk. Therefore the new time
\ Time period of oscillation for series combination period,
m T
m( k l + k 2 ) T ' = 2p =
T = 2p nk n
k1k 2
l
75. (b) The time period T = 2p where l = distance
2 2 g
m m t2 t1
\ T = 2p + = 2p + between the point of suspension and the centre of mass of
k 2 k1 2 2
(2p) (2p) the child.
As the child stands up, her centre of mass is raised. The
Þ T 2 = t12 + t 22 distance between point of suspension and centre of mass
where x is the displacement from the mean position decreases ie length l decreases.
72. (c) With mass M, the time period of the spring. \ l¢ < l
M
T = 2p \ T ¢ < T i.e., the period decreases.
k
With mass M + m, the time period becomes, point of suspension

M + m 5T
T ' = 2p = l'
k 3 l
M +m 5 M
\ 2p = ´ 2p
k 3 k
25 Case (ii) child standing Case (i) child sitting
Þ M +m = ´M
9
P-218 Physics

Putting value of M, m, u and K we get amplitude

point of suspension
1 75 1
A= =
15 1 3
l' 79. (b) The change in time period compared to the undamped
l
oscillator increases by 8%.
bt
-
2m
80. (c) Q A = A 0e
Case (ii) child standing Case (i) child sitting
(where, A0 = maximum amplitude)
76. (c) Time of half the amplitude is = 2s According to the questions, after 5 second,
Using, A = A0e–kt b(5)
-
0.9A 0 = A 0 e 2m … (i)
A0
= Ae e - k ´2 ...(i) After 10 more second,
2
b(15)
-
A = A0 e 2m …(ii)
A0
and = Ae e- kt ...(ii)
1000 From eqns (i) and (ii)
Dividing (i) by (ii) and solving, we get A = 0.729 A0
\ a = 0.729
t = 20 s
81. (a)
77. (b) Amplitude of vibration at time t = 0 is given by
82. (d) When the pendulum is oscillating over a current
A = A0e –0.1× 0 = 1 × A0 = A0 carrying coil, and when the direction of oscillating
pendulum bob is opposite to the direction of current. Its
instantaneous acceleration increases.
A0
also at t = t, if A =
2 l
Hence time period T < 2p
g
1 and damping is larger than in air alone due energy dissipa-
Þ = e –0.1t tion.
2
83. (c) As energy µ ( Amplitude)2, the maximum for both
of them occurs at the same frequency and this is only
t = 10 ln 2 ;7s possible in case of resonance.
78. (b) In first collision mu momentum will be imparted to In resonance state w1 = w 2
system, in second collision when momentum of (M + m) is in 84. (b) Equation of displacement in forced oscillation is given
opposite direction mu momentum of particle will make its by
momentum zero.
F0
On 13th collision, m ® M + 12 ; M + 13m ® V y= 2 2 2
m (w 0 - w )
mu u
mu = (M + 13m)v Þ v = = F0
M + 13m 15 =
u K m (w 0 2 - w 2 )
v = wA Þ = ´A Here damping effect is considered to be zero
15 M - 13m
1
\x µ
2 2
m (w 0 - w )