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AP Calculus BC Unit 8 Practice

AP Calculus BC (Brooklyn Technical High School)

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Period: ________ Unit 8: Applications of Integration ____________

The Average Value of a function on an interval, [𝑎, 𝑏], is the height of a rectangle that has the same width as
the interval, [𝑎, 𝑏], and has the same area as the function on that interval

Find the average value of the function on the interval. At what point(s) in the interval does the function assume
its average value?
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 1; [0, √3]
2. 𝑦 = − 3𝑥 2 − 1; [0, 1]
3. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡; [0, 2𝜋]
Given: 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ; [0, 3]
4. Graph the function over the interval
5. Integrate the function over the interval
6. Find the area of the region between the graph and the x-axis
Given: 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥; [0, 5]
7. Graph the function over the interval
8. Integrate the function over the interval
9. Find the area of the region between the graph and the x-axis
Find the average value of the function on the interval. At what point(s) in the interval does the function assume
its average value?
𝑥2
10. 𝑦 = − 2 ; [0, 3]
11. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 1)2 ; [0, 3]
𝜋 𝜋
12. 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃; [− 4 , 4 ]
An observer measures the outside temperature at random interals of time, from noon until 2:31pm, recording the
temperatures in the following table.
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑁 12: 17 12: 30 1: 02 1: 25 1: 47 2 2: 31
𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒, ℉ 58 59 58 60 61 62 62 64
13. Using the trapezoidal rule, what was the average temperature for those 2 hours and 31 minutes?
A particle moves along the x-axis. The velocity of the particle at time t is given by 𝑣(𝑡), and the acceleration of
the particle at time t is given by 𝑎(𝑡).
14. Which of the following gives the average velocity of the particle from time t = 0 to time t = 8?
𝑎(8) − 𝑎(0) 1 8 1 8 1 8 𝑣(0)+𝑣(8)
(A) (B) 8 ∫0 𝑣(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 (C) 8 ∫0 |𝑣(𝑡)| 𝑑𝑡 (D) 2 ∫0 𝑣(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 (E)
8 2

To find the area of a region on an interval between two curves or, the Area Between Two Curves is the same
as finding the area between a non-negative function bounded to the x-axis on [𝑎, 𝑏]. Consider the two curves
that you need to find the area of the shaded region on [𝑎, 𝑏] as 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) where 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥). Now
imagine 𝑓(𝑥) being only a non-negative function and 𝑔(𝑥) = 0. You would find the area with x-integration,
𝑏 𝑏
as ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 which is the same as ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥) − 0]𝑑𝑥. This process is the same for when 𝑓(𝑥) is not non-
negative and when 𝑔(𝑥) is not equal to zero. We find the area between two curves on [𝑎, 𝑏] with
𝑏
∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 . An easy way to remember the integrand is “top minus bottom.”

Find the area of the region between

𝜋
1. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 from x = 0 to 𝑥 =
4
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 2 and 𝑦 = 2 from x = - 2 to 𝑥 = 2
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
3. 𝑦 = 1 and 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 from x = 0 to 𝑥 = 𝜋. (Hint: 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = )
2

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1 𝜋 𝜋 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
4. 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 and 𝑦 = − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 from 𝑡 = − 3 to 𝑥 = 3 (Hint: 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡 = )
2
Find the area between the x-axis and the graph of the given function over the given interval.
𝜋 𝜋
5. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 over [− 4 , 4 ]
6. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 𝑥 3 over [0, 2]
7. 𝑦 = √9 − 𝑥 2 over [− 3, 3]
Find the x- and y- coordinates of all points where the graph of the given functions intersect. If the curves never
intersect, then write NI.
8. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 6
9. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1
10. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 𝜋𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥, 𝑥 ≤ 0
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = {
𝑚𝑥, 𝑥 > 0
11. For what value(s) of the constant m is 𝑓(𝑥) continuous at x = 0?
12. For what value(s) of the constant m is 𝑓(𝑥) differentiable at x = 0?
The acceleration of gravity near the surface of Mars is 3.72 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐 2.
13. If a rock is blasted straight up from the surface with an initial velocity of 93 𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐, how high does
it go?
Find the area of the regions enclosed by the lines and/or curves:
14. 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 2 + 4 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2
𝜋𝑥
15. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥
16. Graphed in the first quadrant: 𝑥 = 𝑦 3 and 𝑥 = 𝑦 2
17. 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2
18. 𝑦 = − 2𝑥 4 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2on the interval [− 1, 1]
19. 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 2 and 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 2 on the interval [− 2, 3]
Determine where the function is (a) differentiable, (b) continuous but not differentiable and (c) neither
continuous nor differentiable.
20. 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝑥−1
,− 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 0
𝑥
21. 𝑔(𝑥) = { 𝑥+1
, 0≤𝑥≤2
𝑥
Evaluate the integral analytically by using Part II of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.
5
22. ∫2 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
23. ∫− 1(3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 7) 𝑑𝑥
Find the area of the region enclosed by the line and curve
24. 𝑦 = − 3 and 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2
Find the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by
1
25. The line 𝑦 = 𝑥, the line 𝑥 = 2, the curve 𝑦 = 2, and the x-axis.
𝑥

An Area Between Two Curves could be a region defined within two functions of y. Consider the function,
𝑦 = − 𝑥 3 + 1 on [0, 1]. You can rewrite this function as 𝑥 = 3√1 − 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑦). And there are other times
when you are given functions of y and you cannot isolate y to a single equation. There is when we need to find
the area with y-integration. In the example above, 𝑦 = − 𝑥 3 + 1 the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 is the domain and
0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1 is the range. So you must figure out the range or y-values you are going to use to find the area -
when you are using y-integration! They are not always the same values!! Now when you graph
𝑓(𝑦) and 𝑔(𝑦) = 0,

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𝑏
you should see that 𝑓(𝑦) ≥ 𝑔(𝑦). To find the area, you change the idea of ∫𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥) − 0]𝑑𝑥 into
𝑦=𝑏 𝑥=𝑏 𝑦=𝑏
∫𝑦=𝑎 [𝑓(𝑦) − 0]𝑑𝑦 in other words ∫𝑥=𝑎 [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 becomes ∫𝑦=𝑎 [𝑓(𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦)]𝑑𝑦 for when you
𝑦=𝑏
need y-integration. So, we find the area between two curves on 𝑎 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑏 with ∫𝑦=𝑎 [𝑓(𝑦) − 𝑔(𝑦)]𝑑𝑦. An
easy way to remember the integrand is “right minus left.” There will be no “top” or “bottom” function, the
“right” function is x-values greater than the “left” function’s x-values.

Find the area of the regions enclosed by the lines and/or curves by y-integration:
1. Graphed in the first quadrant: 𝑥 = 𝑦 3 and 𝑥 = 𝑦 2
Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs, by integrating with respect to y:
2. 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 2 and 𝑥 = 𝑦 2
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2, and the x-axis in quadrant I
Find the area of the propeller-shaped region enclosed by the following curve and line.
4. 𝑥 − 𝑦 3 = 0 and 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0
Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs
5. 𝑥 = 12𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 3 and 𝑥 = 2𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 in the first and second quadrants only
6. 𝑥 = 𝑦 2 and 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 2
The region is bounded below by the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and bounded above the line 𝑦 = 4 is to be partitioned into
two subsections of equal area by cutting across it with the horizontal line 𝑦 = 𝑐.
7. Sketch the region and draw a line 𝑦 = 𝑐 across it that looks about right. In terms of c, what are the
coordinates of the points where the line and parabola intersect? Add them to your figure.
8. Set up but do not evaluate an expression that represents the area, integrating with respect to y.
9. Find c by integrating with respect to y (Hint: you will be able to find c because this puts c in the
limits of integration)
Evaluate the integral analytically by using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus Part II
4 𝑑𝑡
10. ∫1 𝑡√𝑡
𝑒 𝑑𝑥
11. ∫1
𝑥
2 4
12. ∫1 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
Find (a) a power function end behavior model and (b) any horizontal asymptote(s)
2𝑥 2 +5𝑥 − 1
13. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 +2𝑥
𝑥 4 − 3𝑥 2 +𝑥 − 1
14. 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 3 − 𝑥+1
Find (a) a right end behavior model and a (b) left end behavior model for the function.
15. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
4 2
Given: ∫0 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
16. Which of the following definite integrals has the same value as the given function?
1 4 1 16 2 4 16
(A) ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (B) ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (C) 2 ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (D) 2 ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (E) 2 ∫0 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
2 2
4 𝑑𝑥
Given: ∫2 5 − 3𝑥
17. What is the value of the given function?
𝑙𝑛 7 𝑙𝑛 7
(A) - l𝑛 7 (B) − 3 (C) 3 (D) l𝑛 7 (E) 3l𝑛 7
Given: ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
18. Evaluate the given function
4 𝑒 √𝑥
Given: ∫1 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
19. Using the substitution 𝑢 = √𝑥, which of the following is equal to the given function?
16 4 2 1 2 4
(A) 2 ∫1 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (B) 2 ∫1 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (C) 2 ∫1 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (D) 2 ∫1 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 (E) ∫1 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢
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8
The function f is continuous and ∫0 𝑓(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 is given.
3
20. What is the value of ∫1 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥 2 − 1)?
3
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 12 (E) 24
For 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 12, a particle moves along the x-axis. The velocity of the particle at time t is given by 𝑣(𝑡) =
𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 6 𝑡). The particle is at position x = - 2 at time t = 0.
21. Find the position of the particle at time t = 4.
5
Given: ∫0 𝑥√25 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
22. Evaluate the given function.

Displacement is the change in position of a body or object. Displacement can also be called net effect or Net
Change of a body or object at position 𝑠(𝑡), over some interval of time, t. We knew displacement as the
numerator of our difference quotient, or, 𝑠(𝑡 + ∆𝑡) − 𝑠(𝑡) when the rate of change is constant. If s is a body’s
𝑏
position at time t, the displacement over t to (𝑡 + ∆𝑡) is ∫𝑎 𝑣(𝑡)𝑑𝑡. To find its position, you need to use 𝑠(0) +
𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑣(𝑡)𝑑𝑡. To find the distance traveled, you need to consider using the properties of integrals to evaluate
𝑏
∫𝑎 |𝑣(𝑡)|𝑑𝑡. When you are asked to describe the motion, remember, consider the initial value, describe the
direction the particle or object proceeds to, where it stops and changes direction (if applicable) and where it
proceeds from there.

A car moving with an initial velocity of 5 mph accelerates at the rate of 𝑎(𝑡) = 2.4𝑡 mph/sec for 8 seconds.
1. How fast is the car going when 8 seconds are up?
2. How far did the car travel during those 8 seconds?
The function 𝑣(𝑡) is the velocity in m/sec of a particle moving along the x-axis. Use analytic methods to do
each of the following (a) Determine the particle’s motion, when the particle is moving to the right, to the left
and stopped. (b) Find the particle’s displacement for the given time interval. (c) Find the total distance
traveled by the particle.
𝜋
3. 𝑣(𝑡) = 6𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑡; 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2
4. 𝑣(𝑡) = 6𝑡 2 − 18𝑡 + 12; 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2
A particle travels with velocity 𝑣(𝑡) = (𝑡 − 2)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 m/sec for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 4 sec.
5. What is the particle’s displacement?
6. What is the total distance traveled?
Find the average value of the following
7. 𝑦 = √𝑥 over the interval [0, 4]
8. 𝑦 = 𝑎√𝑥 over the interval [0, 𝑎]
𝑣(𝑡) is the velocity in m/sec of a particle moving along the x-axis. (a) Find the particle’s displacement for the
given time interval. (b) Find the total distance traveled by the particle.
9. 𝑣 (𝑡) = 5𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑡; 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2𝜋
10. 𝑣(𝑡) = 49 − 9.8𝑡; 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 10
The rate of consumption of oil lin a region during the early 2000s (in billions of barrels per year) is modeled by
the function 𝐶 = 27.08𝑒 𝑡⁄25, where t is the number of years after January 1, 2000.
11. Find the total consumption of oil in this region from January 1, 2000 to January 1, 2010.
The rate at whichyour home consumes electric is measured in kilowatts. If your home consumbed electric at
the rate of 1 kilowatt for 1 hour, you will be charged for “1 kilowatt-hour” of electric. Suppose that the average
𝜋𝑡
consumption rate for your home is modeled by the function 𝐻(𝑡) = 3.9 − 2.4𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ), where 𝐻(𝑡) is
12
measured in kilowatts and t is the number of hours past midnight.
12. Find the average daily consumption for this home, measured in kilowatt-hours.

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There is a cylindrical pipe in which oil flows through. The pipe has a radius of 3 inches but friction from the
pipe slows the flow toward the outer edge. The speed at which the oil flows at a distance, r, inches from the
center is 8(10 − 𝑟 2 ) in./sec.
13. In a plane cross section of the pipe, a thin ring with thickness ∆𝑟 at a distance r inches fom the
center looks like a rectangular strip when you straighten it out. What is the area of the strip? (Hint:
it also assists to approximate the area of the ring)
14. Explain why we know that oil passes through this ring at approximately 8(10 − 𝑟 2 )(2𝜋𝑟)Δ𝑟.
15. Set up and evaluate a definite integral that will give the rate, in 𝑖𝑛 3 /𝑠𝑒𝑐 at which the oil is flowing
through the pipe.
A machine fills milk cartons with chocolate milk at an approximate constant rate, but backups along the
assembly line cause some variation. The rates (in cases/hr) are recorded at hourly intervals during a 10 hour
period from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒(𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠/𝐻𝑟. ) 120 110 115 115 119 120 120 115 112 110 121
16. Use the Trapezoid rule with n = 10 to determine how many cases of chocolate milk were filled by
the machine over the 10 hour period.
Evaluate the integral analyticaly
2 1
17. ∫1 (𝑥 + 𝑥 2) 𝑑𝑥
1
18. ∫− 1 2𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛(1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
4 𝑥 2 +3𝑥
19. ∫1⁄2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
𝑒 √𝑙𝑛 𝑟
20. ∫1 𝑟 𝑑𝑟
Evaluate the integral
𝑑𝑥
21. ∫ 3
√3𝑥+4
𝑑𝑡
22. ∫ 𝑡√𝑡
A particle moves along the x-axis with velocity given by 𝑣(𝑡) = 3𝑡 2 – 4 for time 𝑡 ≥ 0.
23. If the particle is at position x = - 2 at time t = 0, what is the position of the particle at time t = 3?
𝑃(𝑡) is the size of a population at time t.
24. Which of the following differential equations describes linear growth in the size of the population?
𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝑃
(A) 𝑑𝑡 = 200 (B) 𝑑𝑡 = 200𝑡 (C) 𝑑𝑡 = 100𝑡 2 (D) 𝑑𝑡 = 200𝑃 (E) 𝑑𝑡 = 100𝑃2
A particle moves along the x-axis. The velocity of the particle at time t is 𝑣(𝑡) = 6𝑡 − 𝑡 2.
25. What is the total distance traveled by the particle from time t = 0 to t = 3?
𝑑𝑦
Which of the following is the solution to the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
26. With the initital condition 𝑦(𝜋) = 1?
(A) 𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 3
(B) 𝑦 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 1
(C) 𝑦 = − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 3
(D) 𝑦 = − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 1
(E) 𝑦 = − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 – 1
𝑑𝑃
The population P of a city grows according to the differential equation 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑘𝑃, where k is a constant and t is
measured in years.
27. If the population of the city doubles every 12 years, what is the value of k?

There are four ways in which we can find the Volume of solids of revolution. They are the (1) Washer
Method, the (2) Disks Method, the (3) cylindrical Shells Method and you can find the volume by the (4)
Slicing Method, which use the Cross Sectional Area. A solid of revolution refers to a solid that is formed by
rotating (revolution) a curve (or curves) that is (are) graphed in the xy-plane about a line. This line is called the
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axis of revolution. If we are using the first two or last methods to find the volume of a solid, if the axis of
revolution is a horizontal line, then you need to integrate with respect to x. If we are using the first two or last
methods to find the volume of a solid, if the axis of revolution is a vertical line, then you need to integrate with
respect to y. A cross section is the obtained shape by making a straight cut into a solid. For a real life example,
the cross section of a pat from a stick of butter is a square. Containers, vases, and other solids may have a
washer and/or disk as a cross section. Other cross sections of solids can be rectangles, triangles and even
semicircles. Remembering the equations for the area of these figures is needed, because they are used within
the integrand. To find a way of measuring a side or radius, use subtraction to find the difference. That
difference will be the difference between functions. But we need an expression to integrate because we use
integration to find the volume.

(1) Washer Method

Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by the lines and curves about the x-axis.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑥 = 0
The applications below involve the accumulation of small changes over an interval to give the net change over
that entire interval. Set up and integral to model the accumulation and evaluate it to answer the question.
2. The fuel consumption of a motor between weekly maintence periods is modeled by the function
𝐶(𝑡) = 4 + 0.001𝑡 4 gallons per day, [0, 7]. How many gallons does it consume in a week?
3. A 2 meter rod has a variable density modeled by the function 𝑝(𝑥) = 11 − 4𝑥 grams/meter, where
x is the distance in meters from the base of the rod. What is the total mass of the rod?
Find the volume of the solid generated
4. When the region in the first quadrant bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2, 𝑦 = 1, and the y-axis is rotated about the
line 𝑦 = − 1
5. By revolving the region bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2, and the line 𝑦 = 1 about the line 𝑦 = 2.
6. By revolving the region bounded by the lines and curves: 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 about the x-
axis.
Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by
7. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 is rotated about the line 𝑦 = 0.
8. The curve 𝑦 = 2√𝑥 and the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 is rotated about the x-axis.
9. 𝑦 = 2𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 and 𝑥 = 1 and is rotated about the x-axis.
10. The lines and curves about the x-axis 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 2 – 𝑥
11. The parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and the line y = 1 about the line 𝑦 = − 1
Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by
𝑥2
12. 𝑦 = 4 − 2 and 𝑦 = 2 about the x-axis.
The region bounded by 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 is revolved around the y-axis.
13. Find the volume of the solid generated.
Find the volume of the solid
14. Generated by revolving the region bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 about the y-axis.
15. By revolving the region bounded by 𝑦 = √𝑥, 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑥 = 0 about the line 𝑥 = 4.

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Find the volume of the solid by revolving the region about the y-axis
16. The region in the first quadrant bounded above by the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , below by the x-axis, and on
the right by the line 𝑥 = 2.
17. The region bounded above by the curve 𝑦 = √𝑥 and below the line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by
18. 𝑦 = √𝑥 and the lines 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑥 = 0 about the line 𝑥 = 4.

(2) Disks Method

Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving
1. The region bounded by the line 𝑦 = 0 and curve 𝑦 = √9 − 𝑥 2 about the x-axis.
𝜋
2. In the first quadrant bounded above by 𝑦 = 2, below by 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ and on the left by
2
the y-axis, about the line 𝑦 = 2
3. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 about the x-axis
4. The region bounded by the lines and curves about the x-axis. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 2.
5. The region bounded by the lines and curves about the x-axis. 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 2, 𝑦 = 0.
6. The triangular region bounded by the lines 𝑦 = 2𝑥, 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 = 1 about the line 𝑥 = 2.
Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region
7. In the first quadrant bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 , 𝑦 = 4𝑥 about the x-axis.
8. Bounded by 𝑦 = √𝑥 and the line 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑥 = 0 about the y-axis.
9. Bounded by the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and the line 𝑦 = 1 about the line 𝑦 = 1.
Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by
10. 𝑦 = √𝑥 and the lines 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑥 = 0 about the line 𝑦 = 2.

(3) Shells Method

Use the cylindrical shell method to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region bounded by
1. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 about the y-axis
2. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 about the line 𝑥 = 1
3. The curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 2 – 𝑥, 𝑥 = 0, for 𝑥 ≥ 0 about the y-axis
Use the washer and disk method for finding the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region
4. Bounded by 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1, 𝑦 = √𝑥, 𝑥 = 0
Burke’s Wholesale Foods, a manufacturer of candies, stores its cases of candies in an air-conditioned
warehouse for shipment every 14 days. Mr. Burke tries to keep 600 cases on reserverse for occasional peaks in
demand. So, a typical 14 day inventory function is 𝑓(𝑡) = 600 + 600𝑡, 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 14. The holding cost for each
case is four cents per day.
5. Find Mr. Burke’s average daily inventory and average daily holding cost.
Given that 𝑓(𝑥) has a positive derivative for all values of x and 𝑓(1) = 0. Which of the following statements
𝑥
must be true of 𝑔(𝑥) = ∫0 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡? Why?
6. g is a differentiable function of x.
7. g is a continuous function of x.
8. The graph of g has a horizontal line at x = 1
9. g has a local maximum point at x = 1
10. g has a local minimum point at x = 1
11. The graph of g has an inflection point at x = 1.
𝑑𝑔
12. The graph of crosses the x-axis at x = 1.
𝑑𝑥
Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region in the first quadrant bounded by
13. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2 and the x-axis about the x-axis.

(4) Cross Sections (Slicing Method)

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The base of a solid is the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 1) in the xy-plane. Its vertical cross sections
perpendicular to the x-axis are semicircles.
1. Find its volume.
2. How is this positioned relative to the xy-plane?
The solid lies between planes perpendicular to the x-axis at x = 0 and x = 4. The cross sections perpendicular to
the x-axis between these planes run from 𝑦 = − √𝑥 to 𝑦 = √𝑥.
3. Cross sections are circular disks with diameter in the xy plane
4. Cross sections are squares with bases in the xy plane
5. Cross sections are squares with diagonals in the xy plane
6. Cross sections are equilateral triangles with bases in the xy plane
Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the region in the first quadrant bounded by
4
7. 𝑦 = 𝑥 , 𝑦 = 𝑥, and x = 1, about the y-axis.
The solid lies between planes perpendicular to the x-axis at x = - 1 and x = 1. The cross sections perpendicular
to the x-axis between these planes run from the semicircle 𝑦 = − √1 − 𝑥 2 to 𝑦 = √1 − 𝑥 2 . Find the volume
using the cross sections of the solid that are perpendicular to the x-axis:
8. The cross sections are circular disks with diameter in the xy plane
9. The cross sections are squares with bases in the xy plane
10. The cross sections are squares with diagonals in the xy plane
11. The cross sections are equilateral triangles with bases in the xy plane
The solid lies between planes perpendicular to the x-axis at x = - 1 and x = 1. The cross sections perpendicular
to the x-axis are circular disks whose diameter run from the parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 to the parabola 𝑦 = 2 − 𝑥 2.
12. Find the volume of the solid analytically.
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
, 𝑥≠0
Given: 𝑓(𝑥) = { 2𝑥
𝑘, 𝑥 = 0
13. What value should be assigned to k to make f a continuous function?
Assume that lim[𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥)] = 2, lim[𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)] = 1, and that lim 𝑓(𝑥) and lim 𝑔(𝑥) exist. Find
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐
14. lim 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐
15. lim 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥→𝑐
Find the volume of the solid whose base is bounded by 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 and 𝑦 = √𝑥 in an xy-plane and whose cross
sections perpendicular to the x-axis are
16. Rectangles twice as high as they are wide
The solid lies between planes perpendicular to the y-axis at y = 0 and y = 2. The cross sections are circular
disks with diameters running from the y-axis to the parabola 𝑥 = √5𝑦 2.
17. Find the volume
The base of a solid is the region between the curve 𝑦 = 2√𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 and the interval [0, 𝜋] on the x-axis. Find the
volume when the cross sections perpendicular to the x-axis are
18. Equilateral triangles with bases running from the x-axis to the curve
19. Squares with bases running from the x-axis to the curve
Find the volume of the solid
20. The base of the solid is the disk 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 1. The cross section are planes perpendicular to the y-
axis between y = - 1 and y = 1 and are isosceles right triangles with 1 leg in the disk.
Find the area of the region enclosed by the lines and curves.
21. 4𝑥 = 𝑦 2 − 4, 4𝑥 = 𝑦 + 16
22. 𝑦 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋
23. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥, 𝑦 = 3 − |𝑥|

Arc Length, is a BC Calculus topic. We know that to find the length of a line segment, you need to find the
distance, and we use the distance formula. But if we need to find the length, or distance, of a smooth planar
8

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curve, we need to use the formula for arc length. The formula involves using a derivative within a definite
integral. We can also use the formula if we are asked to find the perimeter of a region that is defined by
functions that are curves within the plane. Similarly, we can use the formula to find the distance traveled
around that region. Since the formula includes a derivative, make sure that the function is differentiable at
every point in the interval. You may need to do more than one integral or find the integral with respect to y
instead of x.

For the following (a) set up an integral for the length of the curve, (b) graph the curve to see what it looks like
and then (c) use your graphing calculator to find the length of the curve.
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ; − 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
2. 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑦; 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝜋
3. 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1; from (- 1, - 1) to (7, 3)
𝑥 𝜋
4. 𝑦 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6
𝜋 𝜋
5. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥; − 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3
4 1
Given: 𝐿 = ∫1 √1 + 4𝑥 𝑑𝑥
6. Find a curve through the point (1, 1) whose length integral is above.
7. How many such curves are there? Give reasons for your answer.
𝑥
Given: 𝑦 = ∫0 √𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝜋
8. Find the length of the curve above from x = 0 to 𝑥 = 4
Solve the initial value problem analytically. Support your answer by overlaying its graph on a slope field of the
differential equation.
𝑑𝑦 1 2
9. 𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥 + 𝑥) ; 𝑦(1) = 1
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
10. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝜃; 𝑦 ( 4 ) = 1
Suppose that a function f and its first derivative have the following values at x = 0 and x = 1.
𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)
0 9 −2
1 −3 1/5
Find the first derivative of the following combinations at the given value of x.
11. √𝑥 𝑓(𝑥); 𝑥 = 1
12. √𝑓(𝑥); 𝑥 = 0
13. 𝑓(√𝑥); 𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑦
Find 𝑑𝑥
7𝑥 2
14. 𝑦 = ∫2 √2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑤
Find the value of at s = 0 if
𝑑𝑠
𝜋
15. 𝑤 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (√𝑟 − 2) and 𝑟 = 8𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠 + 6 )
𝑑𝑦
Find 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥 1
16. 𝑦 = ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 2 +1
Assume 1 − √𝑥 is an antiderivative of f and 𝑥 + 2 is an antiderivative of g. Find the indefinite integral of the
function.
17. 𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑥)
18. g(𝑥) – 4
Find the area of the region enclosed by the lines and curves.

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1
19. 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑥 2, 𝑥 = 2
A rectangle is inscribed under one arch of 𝑦 = 8𝑐𝑜𝑠(0.3𝑥) with its ase on the x-axis and its upper 2 vertices on
the curve symmetric about the y-axis.
20. What is the largest area the rectangle can have?
Suppose 2 objects are falling, in seconds, from rest at a certain height in centimeters above the ground. Use the
equation 𝑠 = 490𝑡 2 to answer the following
21. How long does it take the objects to fall the first 160 cm? What is their average rate of change for
the period?
22. How fast are the objects falling when they reach 160-cm mark? What is their acceleration then?

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