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United Front & Victory

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19 views4 pages

United Front & Victory

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shoaibhasan451
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The historic 21 points were the election manifesto of the United Front.

A
21-point election manifesto was announced to make 21 February 1952
memorable. Awami Muslim League leader Abul Mansoor Ahmad wrote the
historic 21-point pledge:

1. Bengali will be made one of the national languages.

2. Lands will be distributed among the landless peasants by the abolition


and abolition of zamindari and all rent-collecting tenures without
compensation and the high rates of rent will be reduced. Certificate
system will be abolished.

3. Nationalization of jute trade. Arrangements will be made to provide fair


price for jute. And investigation into the Jute scam during the tenure of the
League Cabinet, punishment of the concerned parties and confiscation of
their ill-gotten property.

4. Introduction of cooperative farming system. Development of all types of


cottage and handicrafts.

5. To make East Bengal self-sufficient in salt industry, cottage industries


and large-scale industrial salt factories will be set up on the coast and the
salt scams during the Muslim League cabinet will be investigated and
those involved will be punished.

6. Arrangements will be made for immediate employment and


rehabilitation of poor laborers of artist and artisan class.

7. The country will be protected from floods and famines by digging and
cultivating canals.

8. By industrializing East Bengal scientifically and modernizing agriculture,


the country will be self-sufficient in industry and food. Economic-social and
all kinds of rights of workers will be established according to International
Labor Union principles.

9. Simultaneous primary and unpaid compulsory education will be


introduced throughout the country and equitable remuneration of
teachers will be provided.

10. By radically reforming the education system, education will be


implemented in a scientific way and teaching will be done only through
the mother tongue. Distinction between public and private universities will
be removed and the universities will be converted into government aided
institutions.

11. Dhaka and Rajshahi University Act etc. will be repealed and curfew
laws giving autonomy to universities will be cut. Higher education will be
made cheap and accessible and hostels will be made affordable and
convenient.

12. Government expenditure will be drastically reduced.' Adjustment will


be made between the incomes of the higher paid government employees
by reducing their salaries and increasing the salaries of the lower paid
ones. No United Front minister will accept a salary of more than 1,000.

13. Effective arrangements will be made to stop corruption, nepotism,


bribery. For this purpose, the income and expenditure of all government
and private officials and businessmen will be taken from 1940 to the
present time.

14. Prisoners held without trial will be released by repealing and repealing
the Public Safety Act and Ordinance etc. The right of press and assembly
shall be free and absolute.

15. The judiciary will be separated from the administration.

16. Burdwan House, the residence of the Chief Minister of East Bengal, will
be converted into a dormitory for the time being and later a Bengali
language laboratory.

17. A Martyr's Minar stands at the site as a sacred memorial to the Muslim
League cabinet members who were martyred for demanding Bengali
national language will be built. Appropriate compensation will be given to
their families.

18. February 21 will be declared Martyr's Day and public holiday.

19. Based on the Lahore proposal, East Bengal will be given full autonomy
and made sovereign. All other matters (residual powers) except defence,
foreign affairs and currency will be vested in the East Bengal government.
The Army Headquarters of the Department of Defense will be located in
West Pakistan and the Naval Headquarters in East Pakistan. Arms factories
will be set up to make East Pakistan self-sufficient in self-defense. Ansar
forces will be turned into armed forces. 4

20. The United Front Cabinet will not extend the life of the Legislative
Council under any pretext. Six months before the end of the life of the
Legislative Council, the Cabinet will resign and arrange free and fair
elections through the Election Commission.

21. The United Front will hold by-elections within three months if any seats
in the Legislative Council fall vacant during the term of the cabinet and
the cabinet will voluntarily resign if the nominated candidates of the
United Front are defeated in three consecutive by-elections.
*** In the 1954 elections, the United Front won an absolute victory and the
Muslim League suffered a crushing defeat. There were various reasons
behind this. Below is the United Front Reasons for victory and defeat of
Muslim League are discussed:

1. Alliance formation: In the provincial elections of 1954, the opposition


political parties united and formed an alliance against the ruling Muslim
League. The formation of such an alliance made it possible to easily
defeat the Muslim League. Pakistan was founded under the leadership of
the Muslim League. However, since coming to power, the party's
undemocratic and sectarian attitude has helped unite opposition parties.
In this situation, the United Front won a historic victory in the 1954
elections and the Muslim League suffered a crushing defeat.

2. Context of National Language: Even before the creation of Pakistan in


1947, the conspiracy of the West against the Bengali language and culture
began. In continuation of this, after the creation of Pakistan, they refused
to give Bengali, the language of the vast majority of the people of
Pakistan, the status of the state language, and started a conspiracy to
make Urdu the state language. As a result, the popularity of the Muslim
League in East Bengal decreased. On the other hand, in the 21-point
election program of the United Front, the issue of national language is
very important. A total of 4 clauses including the first clause of 21 clauses
were related to language and language movement. In this election, the
people of East Bengal rejected the Muslim League with hatred.

3.Dynamic leadership of United Front: Muslim due to dynamic leadership


of United Front The League's defeat was assured. The United Front was led
by a popular leader in East Bengal Shere Bangla is the originator of the
Lahore proposal. K. Fazlul Haque, oppressed public leader MoulanaAbdul
Hamid Khan Bhasani, one of the organizers of the Pakistan Movement and
Hussain Shaheed Suhrawardy, the last Chief Minister of undivided Bengal,
is a promising young man Leader Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. People in their
organizational skills and electoral activities A large amount is attracted.
On the other hand, Muhammad Ali became a Muslim after Jinnah's death.A
leadership vacuum was created in the league. A leadership based on
people all over Pakistan.The Muslim League did not. As a result, they were
defeated.

4. Ignoring demands for autonomy: The Lahore Resolution of 1940 was the
basis for the establishment of Pakistan. According to this proposal,
provinces are supposed to be given full territorial autonomy. The people of
East Bengal joined the Pakistan movement with regional autonomy in
mind but the demand for autonomy was ignored by the Muslim League
government after the establishment of Pakistan. They even promoted the
demand for autonomy as separatism and started exploitation and ethnic
oppression on the people of East Bengal. This created a hostile attitude
towards the Muslim League among the people of East Bengal. On the
other hand, the United Front included their 21-point provincial autonomy
as one of their demands. Such a commitment of the United Front Attracts
a large number of voters towards them.

5. Failure to frame a constitution: One of the major failures of the ruling


Muslim League government was its failure to frame a constitution for the
new state of Pakistan. Soon after the creation of Pakistan, the people
expected to get an acceptable constitution, but due to internal conflicts,
inefficiency, conservative mentality of the Muslim League government,
there was a long process in drafting the constitution. Besides, due to the
undemocratic behavior of the Constituent Assembly and undue delay, the
people were deprived of getting a constitution as expected. The Muslim
League-led Constituent Assembly could not enact a constitution until the
1954 elections. For a long time the country was governed without a
constitution. As a result, the popularity of the Muslim League government
declined rapidly. Due to this, the Muslim League accepted defeat.

Finally, the main reason for the unprecedented victory of the United Front
and the defeat of the Muslim League in the 1954 elections was the misrule
of the Muslim League government in 1947-54, the repressive policies, the
bloody incident of 21 February 1952 and the disregard for the demands of
the people of East Bengal. This election was a historic victory of Bengalis
in their struggle against Pakistani colonial rule and exploitation. Originally
21 of the United Front. Due to Dafa's appeal and the people's unwavering
support for it, the United Front could easily win this election. In the 1954
elections, the people of Bengal rejected the Muslim League with disgust.

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