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Set Domande
LINGUA E TRADUZIONE INGLESE 1 A
LINGUE E CULTURE EUROPEE E DEL RESTO DEL MONDO
Docente: Continisio Tommaso

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Lezione 048
01. Which of these would not be acceptable in a formal letter?

Wouldn't

I am

Do not

Cannot

02. One may write a(n) letter find out information, to apply for a job or a course,or to send an apology.

Informal

formal

Chain

none of the above

03. Which salutation is linked to the "See ya" letter closure?

Dear Sir/Madam

Never acceptable

Hey Mary

Dear Mr Higgins
04. You are asked to write an essay to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of a specific topic. You are going to write a(n):

none of the above

an opinion essay

for and against essay

transactional essay

05. Imagine you've bought a new TV, and it doesn't work. What are you going to write to express your dissatisfaction?

A letter of complaint

none of the above

A postcard

A letter of application

06. You are writing an email to a good friend. How would you end it?
Katie,
Love the photos on Facebook of last weekend.
Fancy catching up over a coffee later this week?
Call me.

Best wishes

Love

Regards

All the best

07. How would you finish this letter?

Dear Mrs McDonald,
I am writing to apply for the Head of English position advertised in this week's Times Educational Supplement.
As you will see from my application form, I have extensive experience of teaching English and have successfully led colleagues before.
Please also find attached a copy of my CV.
Thank you for considering my application.
I look forward to hearing from you in due course.

(Signature)

Yours faithfully,

Yours

All the best

Yours sincerely,

08. How would you start this email?

Dear
Over the weekend, we started having problems with our heating.
Please could you call me as soon as possible so we can discuss having repairs done. As you will appreciate, the weather is very cold and we are finding having no
heating a major inconvenience. Thank you in anticipation for your speedy response to this matter.
Take care
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XXXXX

Joe:

Mr Smith,

Mr Smith:

Joe,

09. A letter may be written to communicate something that's difficult to say face-to-face.

it depends on the context

false

none of the above

true

10. Emails, cell phones, and social media are slowly declining the use of personal letters.

true

none of the above

it depends on the context

false

11. A complaint letter is an example of a(n) letter.

informal

formal

formated

personal

12. Information necessary to include in a formal letter are .

date, relationship, and age

dates, names, and addresses

dates, serial numbers, and locations

date, preferred language, and race

13. A formal letter does not use salutations or complimentary closings.

true

it depends on the context

false

none of the above

14. letters are letters to people who we don't know on a personal level.

Informal

None of the above

Reference

Chain

15. I am writing to express my disappointment" is a typical formulaic expression of

greetings

informal letters

letters of complaint

E-mails to a friend

16. Which salutation is linked to the "Yours sincerely" letter closure?

Dear Mr Swift

Never acceptable

Dear Sir/Madam
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Hello Jane

17. Which salutation is linked to the "Yours faithfully" letter closure?

Hey there

Never acceptable

Dear Sir/Madam

Dear Mr Smith

18. All formal letters have one thing in common

professionalism

none of the above

publicity

an unknown purpose

19. When writing the headline,

none of the above

use the simple present to describe recent events

use the imperative to describe recent events

omit the verbs

20. What should you always do when writing a formal letter?

Make a cup of tea before you start

Put in some colourful pictures

Use Correct Sentences

Use paragraphs

21. When writing an essay, we write our personal opinion

in the main body

in the first sentence

in the conclusion

in the introduction

10. If we attach a resume to our e-mail, we are writing

a congratulation greeting

an informal letter

a condolence mail

an application e-mail

11. When writing an informal letter, we can adopt

a professional tone

a formal tone

a solemn tone

a friendly tone

12. Which of these is a correct formal letter introduction?

Hello John

Hello Mr. Jones

Dear Mr Jones

Alright Mate

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13. letters are generally precise and to-the-point, without any unnecessary detail.

Formal

Semi-formal

none of the above

Informal

Lezione 056
01. In Modern English, grammatical relations are signaled by word order and prepositions. This means that this language is

Analogical

Synthetic

Analytic

none of the above

16. In Old English, grammatical relations were predominantly signaled by endings on nouns and verbs. This means that this language was:

Analytic

Analogical

Synthetic

none of the above

02. During the Middle English period, from which two languages were many words borrowed?

Latin and French

Urdu and Iroquoian

none of the above

Celtic and Old Norse

03. Which one of the following texts was composed during the Old English period?

Beowulf

The Canterbury Tales

Shakespeare's plays

none of the above

04. What is another name for Old English?

Middle English

none of the above

Celtic

Anglo-Saxon

05. Which of the following Old English works documents the early history of England?

Boewulf

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

none of the above

Boethius

06. Varieties typical for social groups are called:

none of the above

Jargons

Sociolects

Dialects

07. When, according to most scholars, did English start to become a global Language?

In 1858 when Britain took over formal rule of India.

In the reign of Henry

VIII

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At the end of the 16th century, with the start of the colonisation of the West Indian and North American Colonies

Immediately after the Norman Conquest (1066-1100)

08. Which of the below is NOT a subvariety of US English spoken by a distinct Ethnic/Social Group?

Pennsylvania Dutch

Cockney

Tex Mex

African American Vernacular English

17. What does the acronym ESL stand for?

English as a Spoken Language

English as a Second Language

English for Students of Literature

English as a Scientific Language

09. Which of the below is NOT generally considered to be a danger of having a global language?

Cultural and linguistic imperialism

Complacency about learning other languages

The death of lesser spoken languages

A growth of Bilingualism

10. Who were the original speakers of English?

The Angles, Saxons and Celts

The Angles, Saxons and Vikings

The Angles, Celts and Jutes

The Angles, Saxons and Jutes

18. In which language family do the ultimate origins of the English language lie?

Indo-European

none of the above

Latin

North American

01. The change from synthetic to analytic is a major development in the history of English.
What is one of its main manifestations?

Grammatical functions are expressed

by word order and prepositions
rather than endings

The expression of thought is now

more analytical

Many forms are always used to

express a single form

Grammaticalization has become

dominant

10. Which of the varieties of English below is the oldest?

US English

Hiberno-English

West Indian English

Australian English

01. What is meant by the abbreviation RP?

Rest in Peace

none of the above

Receive a Prize

Received Pronunciation
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11. Over one billion people worldwide are currently learning English:

We cannot state such specific data

True

It depends on the context

False

19. When is the first attended usage of the phrase "inkhorn term" dated?

1700

1543

1925

1850

01. Did the printing press also serve to standardize English?

YES

It depends on the historical period we analyze

NO

none of the above

12. The Great Vowel Shift only affected vowels of the following kind:

Low

High

Long

Short

01. It is often maintained that English is used as a lingua franca? What does that mean?

A lingua franca is a language that is used as a means of communication between people who are not familiar with each other's native language.

A lingua franca is a language that is used as a means of communication between people who are native speakers of that langiage.

A lingua franca is NOT a language that is used as a means of communication between people who are not familiar with each other's native language.

none of the above

01. Standard English emerged in this century:

16th

17th

20th

15th

01. The Norman Invasion happened in this year(AD):

1066

1010

1262

874

01. According to you, which of the following words does NOT derive from French/Latin:

Spirit

Consideration

Ghost

Reflection

02. One of the following statements about Early Modern English morphology is false:

none of the above

Agreement on verbs almost disappears

Pronominal forms change

Prepositions are inflected

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Lezione 064
01. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

what

salt

most

none of the above

02. Circle the word with stress in a different place

famous

none of the above

mistake

remove

03. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

cold

none of the above

colour

calm

04. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

hurry

here

hungry

none of the above

05. Circle the word with stress in a different place

none of the above

scientific

economics

economy

06. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

none of the above

sword

kiss

rope

07. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

none of the above

game

fat

hat

08. Circle the word with stress in a different place

playground

first class

handbag

none of the above

09. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

knowledge
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none of the above

laptop

phone

10. Circle the word with stress in a different place

He's not at home

it isn't true

none of the above

No, it isn't

11. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

rat

tail

none of the above

sat

12. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

bread

beach

clean

none of the above

13. Circle the word with stress in a different place

none of the above

today

tourist

table

14. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

luck

none of the above

run

rude

15. Circle the word with stress in a different place

Holiday

none of the above

tomorrow

Saturday

16. Circle the word with stress in a different place

morning

fifty

fifteen

none of the above

17. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

none of the above

receipt

repeat
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recipe

18. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

eaten

listen

none of the above

winter

19. Circle the word with stress in a different place

Close the door

I like it

He told me

none of the above

20. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

lake

none of the above

care

case

21. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

cable

none of the above

label

lamb

23. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

old

half

none of the above

pile

24. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

climb

none of the above

camp

cost

25. Circle the word with stress in a different place

January

December

none of the above

October

26. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

none of the above

hold

hot

swan

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27. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

soup

hope

none of the above

soap

28. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

look

blood

none of the above

foot

29. Circle the word with stress in a different place

None of the above

Don't worry!

Go to bed!

Fish and chips

30. Choose the word if one of the consonants is not pronounced

hill

hour

hate

none of the above

31. Choose the word with a different vowel sound

none of the above

want

black

hand

Lezione 072
01. How many different lexemes are there in the following list? "man, men, girls, girl, mouse"

none of the above

02. "fantabulous" is

none of the above

reduplication

blending

coinage

03. What can words often be divided into?

none of the above

lexemes

morphemes

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roots

04. A word can't be a morpheme.

IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT

none of the above

TRUE

FALSE

05. Identify the morphemes for the following word: components

none of the above

compon++ents

component+s

compon+ent+s

06. "Google" is

reduplication

coinage

none of the above

clipping

07. Identify the morphemes for the following word: Indo-European

Indo-Europe+an

Indo+Europe+an

none of the above

Indo+European

08. Which of the following is the correct division of the English word repaired (meaning 'mended, fixed') into morphemes?

re-paired

re-pair-ed

none of the above

repair-ed

09. How do we classify morphemes?

root stems

affixes and suffixes

Free- content (open) & function (closed); Bound- content (derivational & bound roots) & function (inflectional)

none of the above

10. Identify the morphemes for the following word: within

withi+n

none of the above

wi+th+in

with+in

11. Identify the morphemes for the following word: Persian

none of the above

Per+sian

Pers+ian

Persia+an

12. Which of the following types of morpheme gives different forms of a root morpheme?

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Derivational

Clitic

Inflectional

none of the above

13. Which sentence describes derivational morphology?

Adding a morpheme to produce a new word and a different lexeme.

Adding a morpheme to produce the same word but a different lexeme.

Adding a morpheme to produce a new word but the same lexeme.

none of the above

14. In the English language inflectional morphemes can be...

infixes only

suffixes only

prefixes and suffixes

none of the above

15. "fahrenheit" is

conversion

clipping

eponym

none of the above

16. 'Sob!' is

hypocorism

onomatopeia

none of the above

back-formation

17. In the English language derivational morphemes can be...

prefixes and suffixes

infixes only

none of the above

suffixes only

18. Depending on the language, an inflectional affix can be a clitic or a free grammatical word.

none of the above

FALSE

IT DEPENDS ON THE LANGUAGE.

TRUE

19. Identify the morphemes for the following word: another

anothe+r

a-nother

an+other

none of the above

20. Identify the morphemes for the following word: notable

none of the above

not+ab+le

not+able
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note+able

21. Inflectional affixes are generally more productive than derivational affixes.

IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT

none of the above

TRUE

FALSE

22. "hankie" is

blending

none of the above

hypocorism

acronymy

23. Identify the morphemes for the following word: elements

el+ements

none of the above

element+s

el+ement+s

24. "Nato" is

blending

none of the above

acronymy

blending

25. Free Morphemes

can occur as a dependant word all by themselves

can occur as an independent word all by themselves

cannot occur as an independent word all by themselves

none of the above

26.
Roots are always free.

FALSE

IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT

TRUE

none of the above

27.
"motel" is

none of the above

back formation

Clipping

blending

28.
Bound Roots

cannot stand on their own

it depends on the context

can stand on their own

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none of the above

29.
Attaching a derivational morpheme to a root always changes its part-of-speech.

TRUE

IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT

none of the above

FALSE

30.
Bound Morphemes

it depends on the context

can stay alone

none of the above

cannot stand alone, but must be attached to other morphemes

31.
"to biograph" is

none of the above

acronymy

back-formation

onomatopeia

32. "doc" is

clipping

none of the above

conversion

reduplication

33. "to Google" is

reduplication

clipping

conversion

none of the above

34. Which sentence describes inflectional morphology?

Adding a morpheme to produce a new word and different lexeme.

Adding a morpheme to produce the same word but different lexeme.

none of the above

Adding a morpheme to produce a new word but the same lexeme.

35. Bound morphemes are called affixes.

FALSE

none of the above

IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT

TRUE

36. Morphemes are minimal linguistic signs in the sense that they can't be divided into further signs.

TRUE

IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT

FALSE

none of the above

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37. Identify the morphemes for the following word: inputs

input+s

i+npu+ts

none of the above

in+put+s

38. What is morphology?

none of the above

The study of the rules governing sentence formation

The study of the rules governing word formation

The study of the rules governing the sounds that form words

44. What sort of morpheme is -ing in the English word clippings?

suffix

none of the above

free

prefix

"Vet" is

a coinage

none of the above

a blending

a clipping

Lezione 080
01. Freedom / liberty is

Synonymy

Antonymy

none of the above

Hyponymy

02. The meaning that is made the focus of attention by a linguistic expression (e.g. the repetition of an event, focused on by English again)

icon

prototype

profile

none of the above

03. a kind of semantic shift whereby the meaning of a word, expression, or construction comes to refer to an associated object or situation; e.g. be going to
shifting from denoting a motion event to denoting future tense or purpose

antonymy

none of the above

polysemy

metonymy

04. True/false is

none of the above

Antonymy

Hyponimy

Synonymy

05. Dog / animal is

Hyponymy
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none of the above

Antonymy

Synonymy

06. A linguistic expression, drawing, or other representation associated with a meaning or conception

sense

propositional content

sign

none of the above

07. What is it called when two words, phrases or sentences have the same semantic meaning?

Synonymy

Antonyms

Contradiction

none of the above

08. The property of having multiple distinct meanings (e.g. bug 'to spy on' and bug 'an insect or other similar small creature') is called:

antonymy

metonymy

polysemy

none of the above

10. The relation of being a more specific meaning or subtype (e.g. amble to walk)

antonymy

hyponymy

synonymy

none of the above

11. The conventional meaning of a linguistic expression

sign

reference

none of the above

sense

12. The relation between a linguistic expression and things (objects, people, places, ideas, actions etc.) in the world that are associated with that expression is
called:

reference

sign

none of the above

sense

13. Type of sign for which the form of the linguistic expression or other meaningful representation is physically or causally connected to what it refers to (e.g. in
language, words that do not have a fixed referent outside of interactional context such as English this, here, I, you)

icon

index

none of the above

prototype

14. A salient exemplar or subtype of a category (e.g. robin for bird as opposed to penguin for bird)

synonym

prototype

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hyponym

none of the above

15. a relation between two propositions, P and Q, where if P is true, then Q must also be true

presupposition

entailment

paradox

none of the above

16. Type of sign for which the form of the linguistic expression or other meaningful representation is related to what it refers to by cultural convention. This
includes all linguistic expressions, most of which are related only by convention.

symbol

index

none of the above

icon

17. Any effect or association of a linguistic expression, in addition to the things in the world it refers to (e.g. the association to children's speech or child-directed
speech that are part of the word doggie, though it refers to the same things in the world as dog)

none of the above

connotation

sense

reference

18. What is Semantics?

The entity that preforms the action.

The basic, essential components of meaning that are conveyed by the literal use of a word.

The study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences.

none of the above

19. What is conceptual meaning?

none of the above

A noun phrase used to designate an entity as the person who has a feeling, perception or state.

The basic, essential components of meaning that are conveyed by the literal use of a word.

The study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences.

20. Define words with opposite meanings:

none of the above

sense

paradox

Antonymy

21. Words with the same form and related meanings refer to

Polysemy

antonymy

metonymy

none of the above

23. cab/taxi is a:

sense

paradox

synonym

none of the above

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24. One lexeme with several related but distinct meanings:

Homonymy

Homophony

Homography

Polysemy

25. A background proposition that comes embedded in the use of a linguistic expression, and so is expressed without being asserted.

none of the above

connotation

presupposition

paradox

26. Words with very closely related meanings are called

antonymys

none of the above

connotations

synonyms

Lezione 088
01. Consider the sentence below: "The fact that I have a grandson doesn't mean I'm a grandmother."The speaker's denial of the fact that she is a grandmother
despite her being one by definition is a violation of which maxim?

relation

quantity

none of the above

quality

02. What does the Maxim of Quality imply?

Don't impose, Give options, Make your receiver feel good

none of the above

Do not lie; do not make unsupported claims

Be relevent

03. What does the Politeness Principle imply?

none of the above

Be relevent

Don't impose, Give options, Make your receiver feel good

Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity

04. The term accent is used of dialectal varieties that differ just in grammar.

it depends on the languages

false

true

none of the above

05. The quality maxim states that

speakers must be informative, that is, provide just enough information, neither too much nor too little

speakers must only assert truthful and well-supported information

speakers must be brief, clear, nonambiguous and orderly

none of the above

06. Speech Acts

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none of the above

Communicative acts that carry meaning beyond the words and phrases used within them, for example, apologies and promises.

The awareness of others' needs to be approved of and liked.

Using paralinguistic features when speaking.

07. Define Pragmatics.

features that appear when we put sounds together in connected speech. It is as important to teach learners pragmatic features as successful communication depends as
much on intonation, stress and rhythm as on the correct pronunciation of sounds.

none of the above

Some definitions limit this to verbal communication that is not words. Body language, gestures, facial expressions, tone and pitch of voice are all examples of pragmatics

a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. It encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in
interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology.

10. What is a Perlocution?

The study of language in use; the study of meaning in context; the study of intended speaker meaning; the study of utterance meaning

The effect of the act on the hearer

none of the above

The action intended by the speaker

11. A dialect continuum is a chain of mutually intelligible dialects of a language.

it depends on the languages

false

none of the above

true

12. Dialectal variation refers to variation in linguistic forms associated primarily with which of the following phenomena?

none of the above

TRUE

FALSE

IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT

13. What does the The Cooperative Principle by H. Paul Grice state?

Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are
engaged

none of the above

General principles on which the pact of cooperation touches

Accomplish an action when they are uttered (to test, insert "hereby" before them)

14. A control group may be used for pragmatics to demonstrate no effect or a standard effect versus a novel effort applied to a treatment group.

It depends on the context

False

True

none of the above

16. What are Conversational Maxims?

the Actual utterances; sentences with a grammatical structure and a linguistic meaning

General principles on which the pact of cooperation touches

none of the above

The actions intended by the speaker

17. Dialectal variation can be in any aspect of a language -- in phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, or lexicon.

FALSE
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none of the above

TRUE

IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT

18. What is Deixis?

An implied meaning that has to be inferred as a result of a conversational maxim being broken.

Words that are context bound where meaning depends on who is being referred to, where something is happening or when something is happening.

A word that is quite hard to spell

none of the above

19. Consider the interaction below: J: How is your tomato? M: It's a little ripe. J: Yeah, I had to edit it. By using the word "edit," J means that he had to cut out
overly ripe parts of the tomato. However, the conventional meaning of "edit" does not fit here. This is a violation of which maxim?

quality

manner

none of the above

quantity

20. What does the Maxim of Relevance imply?

none of the above

Be relevent

Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity

Say neither more nor less than the discourse requires

23. What is an Illocution?

none of the above

The action intended by the speaker

The Speaker's intention; What the speaker intends to accomplish

The effect of the act on the hearer

24. Which of the following varieties is not a register?

none of the above

scientific Danish

British English

medical English

25. What does the Maxim of Quantity imply?

Say neither more nor less than the discourse requires

Be relevent

Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity

none of the above

26. What is inference?

The process of signalling attitude

none of the above

The process of deriving implied meanings

The concept of how all communication relies on presenting a 'face'

27. Consider the following sentence: "He kissed her on the neck." The interpretation that the kiss was of a sexual nature

is a particularized conversational implicature because it is a necessary inference.

is an entailment because it is a necessary inference.

is a particularized conversational implicature because it is a potential though not necessary inference.

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none of the above

28. The choice of language by speakers in a bilingual community is not normally completely random.

none of the above

FALSE

TRUE

IT DEPENDS ON THE CONTEXT

30. What does the Maxim of Manner imply?

none of the above

Be relevent

Do not lie; do not make unsupported claims

Be brief and orderly; avoid ambiguity and obscurity

31. What is an Illocutionary Act?

Actual utterance; a sentence with a grammatical structure and a linguistic meaning

The action intended by the speaker

the Speaker's intention; What the speaker intends to accomplish

none of the above

32. What is defined as the study of language and how it is affected by region, social class, relationship, and even gender?

morphology

none of the above

sociolinguistics

phonology

44. The relation between a linguistic expression and its expresser is a part of pragmatics.

True

False

none of the above

It depends on the context

Lezione 096
01. What is the ideational function of language?

none of the above

To communicate meaning

To express identity

To make jokes

02. What is the discipline which studies languages?

Linguistics

Morphology

Phonetics

none of the above

03. The sounds made by holding the lips together and then releasing the sound, such as p and b.

labiodental

none of the above

velar

bilabial

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04. Lexical word classes

function as the heads of different phrases

are found in only a small subset of the world's languages

are generally closed and express a limited range of meanings

none of the above

05. "Case" refers to when

none of the above

nouns in a language take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural

nouns in a language take affixes to indicate the relationship that holds between the noun phrase and the verb of a sentence

nouns in a language take affixes for different timeframes in which events occur

06. We can also use the upper teeth with the lower lip, for sounds. This is how we make an f sound.

labiodental

uvular

velar

none of the above

07. It is the study of the meaning of languages.

none of the above

Linguistics

Syntax

Semantics

08. Which of the following sets of sounds represents the natural class of voiceless alveolar consonants in English?

[t, s]

[t, d]

none of the above

[p, t, s]

09. The vocal cords can be tightened and loosened and can vibrate when air is past them, creating sounds called . examples include the consonants b, d,
g, v, z and r.

voiced

stopping

none of the above

voiceless

10. What is the technical term for 'body language'?

Semantics

none of the above

Linguistics

Non-verbal communication

11. What is the hierarchical relationship between clauses, phrases, sentences, and words?

Words combine to form phrases, phrases combine to form sentences, and sentences combine for form clauses.

Words combine to form phrases, phrases combine to form clauses, and clauses combine to form sentences.

Words combine to form clauses, clauses combine to form phrases, and phrases combine to form sentences.

none of the above

12. Phonetics is the study of the sounds of language. What do we call to this sounds?

none of the above

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Morphemes

Lexicology

Phonemes

13. We also have two names for the parts of the tongue used with these various parts of the mouth: The front edge is called the , sounds like t, th, and s
are made with this.

dorsum

corona

dental

none of the above

14. "Number" refers to when

nouns in a language take affixes to indicate the relationship that holds between the noun phrase and the verb of a sentence

nouns in a language take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural

nouns in a language take affixes for categories such as singular, dual, and plural

none of the above

15. Adjectives are typically characterized by:

none of the above

all of the above

their ability to be used in comparative and superlative constructions

their occurrence within a noun phrase

16. And the back edge is called the . Sounds k, g, and ng are made with this.

none of the above

velar

dorsum

corona

17. What is the study of language as it pertains to social classes, ethnic groups and genders?

Sociolinguistics

none of the above

Comparative linguistics

Psycholinguistics

18. What is kinesics?

The study of tone of word formation processes

none of the above

The study of non-verbal visual communication

The study of tone of voice

19. What is the term used to describe the creative capacity of language to invent new words and sentences?

Proxemics

Productivity

none of the above

Syntax

20. The English language begins with the Anglo-Saxons.

false

it depends on the context

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none of the above

true

21. In the sentence: "He picked up the book"

"Picked up" is ditransitive because it takes two arguments: "he" and "the book".

none of the above

"up" is a verb particle and "the book" is a direct object.

"He" is an experiencer and "the book" iis an instrument.

22. "open word class" is

a class to which it is very difficult to add new words through borrowing and word-formation processes

a class whose members refer to the speaker, hearer, or others and constitute the sole element of a noun phrase

none of the above

a class to which one can easily incorporate new members through borrowing and other word-formation processes

23. "closed word class" is

none of the above

a class in which the words usually contain many morphemes

a class to which one can easily incorporate new members through borrowing and other word-formation processes

a class to which it is very difficult to add new words through borrowing and word-formation processes

24. In the vocal tract, speech starts with the which push air out (carbon dioxide) and pull it in (oxygen)

none of the above

nose

uvula

lungs

25. Spanish "escuela alta" represents a morpheme-by-morpheme translation from English "high school." This is an example of:

a calque

a semantic loan

none of the above

interference

26. What are the two levels of language referred to by the term 'duality'?

Kinesics and proxemics

Structure and use

Sound and meaning

none of the above

27. Which of these words best describes the focus of pragmatics?

none of the above

Sense

Structure

Choice

28. We have the latynx, or voice box. It sits at the juncture of the or windpipe coming up from the lungs,and esophagus coming up from the stomach.

none of the above

tongue

trachea

lungs

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29. The phonological change of the final consonant in English 'knife' [naif] when it appears next to [z] in the plural 'knives' [naivz], illustrates which type of
common phonological process?

clipping

assimilation

none of the above

coalescence

30. "Grammatical word classes"

none of the above

are generally open and express a vast array of meanings

function as the heads of different phrases

are generally closed and express a limited range of meanings

31. The manner maxim states that

speakers must only assert truthful and well-supported information

none of the above

speakers must be relevant

speakers must be brief, clear, nonambiguous and orderly

32. Which of the following pairs of words represents a minimal pair for [s] and [ʃ] in English?

shook [ʃʊk] and shock [ʃɔk]

sheep [ʃip] and sip [sip]

none of the above

crash [kræʃ] and crass [kræs]

33. Which question about language use does pragmatics try to answer?

Why?

none of the above

When?

How?

34. What factor is omitted in an account of French tu/vous which talks only of singular versus plural?

Grammar

Audience

none of the above

Comprehension

35. Other phonemes do not involved the vocal cords and there is no vibration, such as the consonants h, t, s, p, k, l, and f are called

none of the above

voiceless (or unvoiced)

voicing

voiced

36. Which of the following sets of sounds represents the natural class of rounded vowels in English?

none of the above

[u, o]

[u, ʊ, o]

[u, ʌ, ʊ, o]

37. Consider the sentence below: "The fact that I have a grandson doesn't mean I'm a grandmother". The speaker's denial of the fact that she is a grandmother
despite her being one by definition is a violation of which maxim?

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quality

relation

quantity

none of the above

38. What is semiotics?

none of the above

The study of human communication

The study of buildings

The study of music

39. Under what heading would we discuss the use of such titles as 'Mr' and 'Mrs'?

Terms of address

Slang

none of the above

Graffiti

58. These are sound made with air passing through the nose. examples include m, n, and ng sound of sing.

uvula

none of the above

velum

nasal

65. The phonological change of the final consonant in English 'knife' [na?f] when it appears next to [z] in the plural 'knives' [na?vz], illustrates which type of
common phonological process?

assimilation

coalescence

clipping

none of the above

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