ETHICS reviewer midterm

MORAL AGENT (1)

MORAL AGENT –A PERSON WITH THE CAPACITY TO DECIDE WHAT IS RIGHT OR WRONG AND READY TO

ACCEPTS RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIRACTIONS

Family Obligations -Families are drawn together by ties that are more than what they can do for one
another.

THE STAGE OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Level 1 Premoral

-Stage 1: Punishment and obedience orientation, stage 2: Self-gratification orientation

Level 2: Conventional

-Stage 3: Approval-of-others orientation, Stage 4:Law-and-order orientation

Level 3: Principles

-Social-contract orientation, Universal-ethical-principles orientation.

FREEDOM AND MORALITY (2)

The Role of Freedom in Morality- The personal aspect of morality which might more properly be called
ethics is about the cultivation of virtue: the development of character traits 5 that choosing the good
becomes a matter of habit.

Freedom and Free Will- While the existence of freedom is a central premise in Catholic morality, we are
not all equally free. There are many possible limits to our freedom: both external and internal.

Responsible for Acts- A person is responsible for his voluntary acts. By progress in virtue, in knowledge
of good, and in self-discipline, he gains greater mastery.

God’s Confrontation- Every human person must recognize the right of freedom in others. Exercising
freedom, especially in moral or religious matters, is an inalienable right of the human person.

Grace and Freedom-The object directly chosen by the will determines the basic morality (good or bad).
The person's intellect sees this as according to moral standards (good) or not according to moral
standards (evil).

The Object Chosen- The person also has an intention which determines the act's morality. An intention
can guide many acts or even a whole lifetime (as loving God). One act can have a multiplicity of
intentions (Doing a favor to help someone and also to receive a favor in return).

Determining Good and Evil Acts- An act is good when the object, the intention, and the circumstances
are all good. A good act is vitiated by an evil intention (praying in order to be seen as good). Some acts
are evil in themselves (as fornication) and are always wrong to choose.
BASIC UNIVERSAL VALUES (3)

-A value is a quality that weans people, things, event, or situations. The term is use to designated the
moral characteristic that are inherent in a subject piety.

Schwartz concept of universal values

1. POWER 6. UNEVERSALISM

2. ACHIEVEMENT 7. BENEVOLENCE

3. HENDOISM 8. TRADITION

4. STIMULATION 9. CONFORMITY

5. SELF DIRECTION 10. SECURITY

UN Character on Universal Values

1. HAPPINESS 6. INTELLIGENCE

2. PEACE 7. HUMAN RESPECT

3. LOVE 8. EQUALITY

4. FREEDOM 9. NATURE

5. SAFETY 10. HEALTH

Development of Moral Character (4)

MORAL CHARACTER-Is an evaluation of an individual’s stable moral qualities. The concept of character
can imply a variety of attributes including the existence or lack of virtues such as empathy, courage,
fortitude, honesty and loyalty, or of good behaviors or habits.

Importance of Having a Strong Moral Character

1.) Achieve peace of mind 2.) Strengthen trust

3.) Build a solid reputation 4.) Reduce Anxiety

5.) Increase leadership effectiveness 6.) Build Confidence

7.) Become a positive role model 8.) Live a purpose – driven life

9.) Build a strong business

Development of Moral Character

1.) Define your core values 2.) Practice the habits

3.) Find people with character 4.) Take some risks

5.) Stretch yourself 6.) Commit to self – improvement

1.) Attract the trust and respect of other people

2.) Allows you to influence others.

3.) Changes your perspective about failure.

4.) Sustains you through difficult times or opposition.

5.) improves your self – esteem, self – respect and confidence.

6.) Creates a foundation for happy, healthy relationship.

7.) Helps you stay committed to your values and goals.

8.) Improves your chance of success in work and other Endeavors.

Character Traits that Impact One’s Happiness

1.) Integrity 2.) Honesty

3.) Loyalty 4.) Respectfulness

5.) Responsibility 6.) Humility

7.) Compassion 8.) Fairness

9.) Forgiveness 10.) Authenticity

11.) Courageousness 12.) Generosity

13.) Perseverance 14.) Politeness

15.) Kindness 16.) Lovingness

17.) Optimism 18.) Reliability

19.) Conscientiousness 20.) Self – discipline

THE ACT (5)

-A human act is one that proceeds from the deliberate free will of man. It is an act that deliberate and
knowingly performed by one having the use of reason. Therefore, both intellect and will are in play.

THREE ELEMENTS AS OBJECT

1. THE ACT ITSELF

2. PURPOSE

3. Circumstances

1. Judgment

The physician judges that in this case, it is morally good to withhold the information from the patient.
2. Choice

The physician chooses to withhold the information.

3. The objective elements of the moral act

- These objective elements include the act itself and those realities which are affected by the act and
which should be considered in deciding whether the act is morally good or bad.

STEPS IN MORAL REASONING MODEL (7)

Step 1 identify the problem

Step 2 identify the potential issues involved

Step 3 review relevant ethical guidelines

Step 4 known relevant laws and regulation

Step 5 obtain consultation

Step 6 consider a possible and probable courses of action

Step 7 list the consequences of the probable course of action

Step 8 decide on what appears to be the best course of action

FILIPINO WAY (8)

1. Close family ties

2. Bayanihan

3. Courtship

4. Religion

5. Superstition

6. Marriage and Wedding Customs

7. Death

8. Society

9. Christmas in the Philippines

10 .Fiesta

11. Living with parents

1. The Filipino people are very resilient

2. Filipino take pride in their families

3. Filipino are very religious

4. Filipino are very respectful

5. Filipino help one another

6. Filipino value a tradition and culture

7. Filipinos have very longest Christmas celebration

8. Filipino love art and architecture

9. The Filipino are hospitable people

FILIPINO FAMILY VALUES

1. PAGGALANG

2. PAKIKISAMA

3. UTANG NA LOOB

4. PAGPAPAHALAGA SA PAMILYA

5. HIYA

6. DAMAYAN SYSTEM

7. COMPASIONATE

8. FUN LOVING TRAIT

GOOD LUCK SAYO KUNG MAKABISADO MO

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