Module 1:

• Introduction to Management & Planning Management:

• Definition, Importance – Nature and Characteristics of
Management,
• Management Functions,
• Roles of Manager,
• Levels of Management, Managerial Skills,
• Management & Administration,
• Management as a Science, Art &Profession.
Planning:
• Nature, Importance and Purpose of Planning,
• Types of Plans,
• steps in Planning, Limitations of Planning,
• Decision Making – Meaning,
• Types of Decisions- Steps in Decision Making.
• Understanding aspects of finance, marketing and resources
management in business.
 WHY DO WE NEED TO LEARN
MANAGEMENT??

First
let me tell you how are we
connected to the management.
We are all part of an organization
which runs under a powerful
management.
Introduction to Management & Planning
Management
 A manager‟s task is to solve problems innovatively, and management is
thus “the art of getting things done through the efforts of other
people.”
 The principles of management are the activities that,
 Planning
 Organize
 Control the operations of the basic elements of people, materials,
machines, methods, money and markets, providing direction and
coordination
 Giving leadership to human efforts
 management

Principal

All office staff and other

Hods staff of the college

Faculty under the dept

Students
Starting from the top
 What is the role of a management?- it gets the work done
 Who are all controlled by the management?- monitors the
whole process
 What is the organization made of?- organization has many
subsections
 Who are all members of the organization?- every small
working and non working unit is a part of it
 Who takes the major decisions for the organization?- head
of the management has all authority to make decisions
Importance of management
What is management?
 Management if a governing body that gets things done by
the people working under the organization it runs.
 The above definition is simple though management can
not be defined with specific words.
 “The central core of our national as well as personal
activities, and the way we manage ourselves and our
institutions reflects with alarming clarity what we and
our society will become.” As per Claude S. George
(French inventor and an engineer)
 In simple words, the way you manage yourselves reflects
and depicts the personality of yours.
 Now for example: we give assignments and
give a deadline too.
 Beinga person working for an organization
the task must be performed by you and we
should get the work done. If the task is
done then you are an excellent worker and
we are good managers. If not…. You decide
how the worker is!! Please do not blame
the manager everytime. ☺
 Nature and Characteristics of
management
 (1) Management is a continuous process:

Planning

Organizing

Directing

Controlling
 Planning is finding the proper
answers for questions like

How When

What
Why

Where

Who
 (2) Management is an art as well as science: Management is an art in the
sense of possessing managing skill by a person. Management is science
because certain principles, laws are developed which are applicable in place
where group activities are coordinated.
 (3) Management aims at achieving predetermined objectives: All
organizations have objectives that are laid down. Management is goal
oriented.
 (4) Management is a factor of production: An enterprise produce goods or
services using resources like land, labour, capital, machines etc. The goals are
achieved when these are effectively coordinated by the entrepreneur. In case
of small enterprises an individual can do such type of job where as in large
enterprises the coordination job is done by management. Therefore,
management is a factor of production.
 (5) Management is decision-making: Decision-making is selecting the best
among alternative courses. Decision-making is an important function of a
manager. The success or failure of an organization depends upon the quality
of decision. A manager must make a right decision at right time.
 (6) Universal application: The principles and concepts of management are
applicable to every type of industry.
 (7) Management is needed at all levels: The functions of management are
common to all levels of organization. The functions of planning, organizing,
directing, controlling, decision-making are performed by top level as well as
lower level supervisors.
 (8) Management aims at maximum profit: The resources are properly utilized
to maximize profit. Maximizing the profit is the economic function of a
manager.
 (9) Dynamic: Management is not static. Over a period of time new principles,
concepts and techniques are developed and adopted by management.
Management is changed accordingly to the social change.
 (10) Management as a career: Today management is developed as a career
focused on specialization.
 (11) Management is a profession: Management is a profession because it
possesses the qualities of a profession. The knowledge is imported and
transferred.
 (12) Management is a discipline: Discipline refers to the field of study having
well defined concepts and principles. Classifying management as disciplines
implies that it is an accumulated body of knowledge that can be learnt.
Nature of the management
 (1) Multidisciplinary: Management is multidisciplinary. Management integrates
the ideas taken from various disciplines and presents newer concepts which
can be put into practice.
 (2) Dynamic nature of principles: A principle is truth which establishes cause
and effect relationships of a function. Principles are developed by integration
of ideas from various disciplines supported by practical evidence. These
principles are flexible and change with the environment in which organization
works.
 (3) Relative not absolute principles: Management principles are relative and
not absolute. They must be applied according to the need of the organization.
 (4) Management – science or art: There is controversy whether management is
science or art.
 (5) Universality of management: Management is universal phenomena.
Management Functions
Classification of managerial 7 functions under
the catch word PODSCRB
 PODSCRB
Planning

Organizing

Directing

Staffing

Coordinating

Reporting

Budgeting
Roles of manager
 A manager performs planning, organizing, directing and controlling to achieve the organizational
objectives.
 The pattern of actions expected of a person in his activities involving others.
Interpersonal Roles
 (1) Figure head role: In this role manager has to perform duties of ceremonial
nature such as attending social functions of employees, taking an important
customer to lunch.
 (2) Leader role: Manager’s leader role involves leading the subordinates
motivating and encouraging them.
 (3) Liaison: In liaison role manager serves as a connecting link between his
organization and outsiders.
 Liaison: communication or cooperation which facilitates a close working
relationship between people or organizations.
Information roles: It involves communication.
There are three types of informational roles:

 (1) Monitor: In his monitoring role, manager continuously

collects information about all the factors which affects his
activities. Such factors may be within or outside organization.
 (2) Disseminator: In the disseminator role, manager possesses
some of his privileged information to his subordinates who
otherwise not be in a position to collect it.
 (3) Spokesperson: As a spokesperson manager represents his
organization while interacting with outsiders like customers,
suppliers, financers, government and other agencies of the
society.
Decisional roles: Decisional role involves choosing most appropriate
alternative among all so that organizational objectives are achieved in an
efficient manner. In his decisional role manager perform four roles:

 1. Entrepreneur: As an entrepreneur, a manager assumes certain risks in

terms of outcome of an action. A manager constantly looks out for new ideas
and seeks to improve his unit by adopting it to dynamic environment.
 2. Disturbance handler: In this role manager works like a fire-fighter manager
contains forces and events which disturb normal functioning of his
organization. The forces and events may be employee complaints and
grievances, strikes, shortage of raw materials etc.
 3. Negotiator: In his role of negotiator, manager negotiates with various
groups in the organization. Such groups are employees, shareholders and
other outside agencies.
LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
Board of Directors
Chairman
Chief Executive
Department Heads
Divisional Heads
Section Heads
Senior Supervisor
Front Line Supervisors
 Skill is an individual’s ability to perform physical or mental tasks
 Skill can be developed over the practice
 Conceptual skill
 Human reaction skill
 Technical skill
Management is an art as well as science

 Management is a combination of gaining knowledge and perceiving the

deserving place. Knowledge describes management as science and skills
required to attain a deserved position is an art.
 EX: a question “How??” and “WHY??”
 Why” the process is taking place?? Is SCIENCE
 “How” the process is carried out is part of an ART.
Management is an attempt to gain knowledge but do not depend on
personal opinion and pre-judgement.
Inquiry to gain knowledge is empirical and not armchair speculation.
(It means talking about the topic without having a knowledge about
that.)

A word science denotes knowledge as

1. Natural or exact
2. Behavioural or inexact

Management is a behavioural science.