FRONT PAGE

(Design your own Front page)

 Group members name

 Date of submission
 Instructor name
 INFORMATION SHEET 2.1-1

What is Networking?

Computer Network
is a group of computers that use a set of common communication
protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources
located on or provided by the network nodes. The interconnections between
nodes are formed from a broad spectrum of telecommunication
network technologies, based on physically wired, optical, and wireless radio-
frequency methods that may be arranged in a variety of network topologies.
Computer networks support many applications and services, such as access to
the World Wide Web, digital video, digital audio, shared use of application and
storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use of email and instant
messaging applications.

Network is defined as a set of devices connected to each other using a physical

transmission medium.
How does a network work?

In a typical client-server network there is a central node called the server. The server is
connected to the other devices, which are called clients. This connection is either
wireless (Wireless LAN) or wired (LAN).

In a typical home network, the router assumes the role of the server. It is connected to
the Internet and provides the “Internet” resource for the other devices (computers,
smartphones, etc.).
Types of Network

1. LAN (Local Area Network)

is a group of computers and network devices connected together, usually
within the same building.

2. PAN (Personal Area Network)

To enable data exchange, modern devices such as smartphones, tablets,
laptops, and desktop computers can be integrated into a network.
 3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
is a broadband telecommunication network that connects several LANs in
close proximity, connect areas that are near each other in rural or urban
areas.

4. WAN (Wide Area Network)

A broadband telecommunication network that connects extend across
large geographic areas, such as countries or continents. The number of
local networks or individual computers connected in a WAN is unlimited.

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)

Is a planned system of working to prevent illness and injury where you work by
recognizing and identifying hazards and risks. Health and safety procedure is the
responsibility of all persons in the computer and technology industries. You must
identify the hazards where you are working and decide how dangerous they are.
Eliminate the hazard or modify the risk that it presents.

1. Use the Getting Started Guide. Perform only the procedures described in
the Getting Started Guide that came with your device. Otherwise, the device
might not work as intended.
2. Keep the work area clean. Keep the area free before, during, and after
installation. Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry.
3. Wear safety glasses. If you are working under any conditions that could be
hazardous to your eyes, wear safety glasses.

Safety goggles

are intended to shield the wearer's eyes

from impact hazards such as flying
fragments, objects, large chips, and
particles.

Antistatic wrist strap

ESD wrist strap, or ground bracelet is an antistatic device used to safely ground a
person working on very sensitive electronic equipment, to prevent the buildup of static
electricity on their body, which can result in ESD.
Types of Ethernet Cable

Straight Through Cable

Crossover Cable
What Is Straight Through Cable?

A straight through cable is a type of twisted pair cable that is used in local area
networks to connect a computer to a network hub such as a router. This type of
cable is also sometimes called a patch cable and is an alternative to wireless
connections where one or more computers access a router through a wireless
signal. On a straight through cable, the wired pins match. Straight through cable
use one wiring standard: both ends use T568A wiring standard or both ends use
T568B wiring standard. The following figure shows a straight through cable of
which both ends are wired as the T568B standard.

Use straight through Ethernet cable for the following cabling:

 Switch to router
 Switch to PC or server
 Hub to PC or server
What Is Crossover Cable?

A crossover Ethernet cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect

computing devices together directly. Unlike straight through cable, the RJ45
crossover cable uses two different wiring standards: one end uses the T568A
wiring standard, and the other end uses the T568B wiring standard. The internal
wiring of Ethernet crossover cables reverses the transmit and receive signals. It
is most often used to connect two devices of the same type: e.g. two computers
(via network interface controller) or two switches to each other.

Use crossover cables for the following cabling:

 Switch to switch
 Switch to hub
 Hub to hub
 Router to router
 Router Ethernet port to PC NIC
 PC to PC

How to set-up Ethernet cable?

1. Pull the cable off the reel to the desired length and cut. If you are pulling cables
through holes, it’s easier to attach the RJ-45 plugs after the cable is pulled. The
total length of wire segments between a PC and a hub or between two PC’s
 cannot exceed 100 Meters (328 feet) for 100BASE-TX and 300 Meters for
10BASE-T.
2. Start on one end and strip the cable jacket off (about 1″) using a stripper or a
knife. Be extra careful not to nick the wires, otherwise you will need to start over.
3. Spread, untwist the pairs, and arrange the wires in the order of the desired cable
end. Flatten the end between your thumb and forefinger. Trim the ends of the
wires so they are even with one another, leaving only 1/2″ in wire length. If it is
longer than 1/2″ it will be out-of-spec and susceptible to crosstalk. Flatten and
insure there are no spaces between wires.
4. Hold the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing down or away from you. Push the wires
firmly into the plug. Inspect each wire is flat even at the front of the plug. Check
the order of the wires. Double check again. Check that the jacket is fitted right
against the stop of the plug. Carefully hold the wire and firmly crimp
the RJ-45 with the crimper.
5. Check the color orientation, check that the crimped connection is not
about to come apart, and check to see if the wires are flat against the
front of the plug. If even one of these are incorrect, you will have to
start over. Test the Ethernet cable.
Watch this video for tutorial:

How to Make an Ethernet Cable! - FD500R - $24 Crimp Tool Demonstration - YouTube

Ethernet Cable Tips:

 A straight-thru cable has identical ends.

 A crossover cable has different ends.
 A straight-thru is used as a patch cord in Ethernet connections.
 A crossover is used to connect two Ethernet devices without a hub or for
connecting two hubs.
 A crossover has one end with the Orange set of wires switched with the Green
set.
 Odd numbered pins are always striped; even numbered pins are always solid
colored.
 Looking at the RJ-45 with the clip facing away from you, Brown is always on
the right, and pin 1 is on the left.
 No more than 1/2″ of the Ethernet cable should be untwisted otherwise it will be
susceptible to crosstalk.
  Do not deform, do not bend, do not stretch, do not staple, do not run parallel
with power cables, and do not run Ethernet cables near noise inducing
components.

LAN Cable tester

Watch this for actual tutorial:

BNC, RJ-11 / 12, RJ-45 Cable Testers - YouTub

Self-Check 2.1-2

Written test

Multiple choices: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of the best answer to
each question on your answer sheet.

1. What tool can strip the outer jacket off of twisted pair cable?
a. Handy stripper b. UTP Cable
a. Side cutter plier d. Lan cable

2. Straight through Ethernet cable can be used for cabling, except one
 a. Switch to router c. PC to PC
b. Switch to PC or server d. Hub to PC or server

3. How many connector wires inside the UTP cable?

a. 10 c. 12
b. 8 d. 9

4. What are the cable terms of cross-over and straight through?

a. T568A and T568B c. Through and Over
b. T678 and T123 d. Cable

5. How will you identify if the straight through cable is good?

a. The light will light up as 1 to 6 all the way down to 8 to 8 at the end.
b. The light will light up as 1 to 8 all the way down to 8 to 3 at the end.
c. All indicator will light according to their responses
d. The light will light up as 1 to 1 all the way down to 8 to 8 at the end.

6. A type of a network that able to connect devices and can be integrated into a
network.

b. PAN c. MAN
c. LAN d. WAN

7. How network works as a personal consumption?

a. Internet and router works as one

b. Network provide resources for everyone
c. The router act as the role of the server that provide internet to the other
devices.
d. No equipment integration
8. Why do we need to obtain and approval from appropriate personnel before
implementing contingency procedures?

e. For salary agreement

f. To make sure the job well done
g. To ensure safety and following proper job requirements
h. To make sure the safety of the individual

9. This is a protector from flying fragments and other particles.

i. Helmet b. Hairnet
j. Safety googles c. Gloves

10. Below are the types of network, except one

a. GAN b. LAN
c. MAN d. PAN

Self-Check 2.1-2

Answer Key

1. A
2. C
3. B
4. A
5. D
6. A
7. C
8. C
9. B
10. A
 TASK SHEET 2.1-3

Title: Assembling Ethernet Lan Cable

Performance Objective:

Give the tools, materials and equipment after 20 minutes you should be able to
assemble Lan cable and proper testing interpret results.

Materials:

 RJ45
 UTP cable

Tools:

 Cable Tester
 Handy stripper
 Crimper
 Side cutter plier
Procedure:

1. Pull the cable off the reel to the desired length and cut.
2. Start on one end and strip the cable jacket off (about 1″) using a stripper or a
knife.
3. Spread, untwist the pairs, and arrange the wires in the order of the desired
cable end. Flatten the end between your thumb and forefinger.
4. Trim the ends of the wires so they are even with one another.
5. Hold the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing down or away from you.
6. Check the color orientation, check that the crimped connection is not about to
come apart, and check to see if the wires are flat against the front of the plug.
7. Use Lan Cable tester for checking the result.

Assessment Method:

 Demonstration
 Oral Questioning
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 2.1-4

CRITERIA YES NO
Did the trainee…
1. Pull the cable off the reel to the desired length and cut.
2. Started on one end and strip the cable jacket off using a
stripper or a knife?
3. Arranged the wires orderly?
4. Trimmed the ends of the wires so they are even with one
another.
5. Held the RJ-45 plug with the clip facing down or away from
you.
6. Checked that the crimped connection is not about to come
apart
7. Used Lan Cable tester for checking the result.
Resources:

https://www.anixter.com/en_au/resources/literature/techbriefs/what-is-an-rj45-
connector.html

https://www.universalnetworks.co.uk/faq/what-does-utp-s-utp-ftp-stp-and-sftp-mean/

https://incentre.net/ethernet-cable-color-coding-diagram/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network

https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/server/know-how/what-is-a-network/

https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/server/know-how/the-different-network-types/

https://www.ionos.com/digitalguide/server/know-how/the-different-network-types/

https://baictchs09.wordpress.com/2018/08/29/plan-and-prepare-for-installation/

https://www.cables-solutions.com/difference-between-straight-through-and-crossover-
cable.html

https://baictchs09.wordpress.com/2018/08/29/plan-and-prepare-for-installation/

https://www.dummies.com/programming/networking/juniper/use-good-safety-practices-
when-installing-network-equipment/