A's ehane

B's ehane
2, 5, 8

)()
5

Bo

Pcc's winning ) : -(
41
dl

3A. Aspraks tsuh n Yo, cau and B prahs

dauth n 85 , easu Jm Whal ol Caseu

do thuy sptak the san

Soln:
P(A): Yo P (B): 85
lo0
 P(e') - 15
PA') I00 lo0
Ruquud probab dty PCA DB) + PrA'n B')
= P(A). PIB) + P (A). P(B')
85
lo0

- 59+ h5 640 66
loo0 1oo0

Hene, n 64 cau they aprak 4hu

same act
 Pastition ola Sanpd spae
km i sard to
upant a paullion o tk Aampl spaee s, /

(ö) k, Uk,U. . . Ukn : 5.

() P (6, ) >o os all i. I. 3, 3, ... , m.

Rup Auant a parli tion y tle Aampu apau S.

thuy a paiwi disjoint, ex hauleur and
Kaut mon- o pAobabilitis
and A u h partiion o sa nmplu spa cu s.
Ana
Yiorm the Venn Ouagiam,
Cam auly o buut that il
k and F a any 2eunle
'nF aso uated wrth a sampu
spacus thun thu set

pantition of tha sampu spau S.

Alo:
Sh paribon o< a sampl apac mot unuqu,
huoum o Jotal PAo babidity
Bampa spae s, ang suppo that each f ke
 Em ha
Occwme at A b any
prob abiaby
evcnt asoatd h h 5, 1hn
P[Æ) PIaJe)
P(A) = P(&i) PrAJE) + P(EA). P(AJ)+
P(aj). pia/54)

yoen hat k,, ks, ka.. kn A

a paubtion of the Aampli
3pau s.

Yor any tont A,

A Ah

- (AnE)u(Ank) U(AnEo) U... U(ADE)

. PlA)= P (A DE) + P(AnE)+

By mulup lication Aul o< p4obalidiky. we haurl

P(A) : P (Ai) P(A JEi) + P(R) P(alka) +...

+ P(km). PlA|Eo)
u, PA) P(k) ÞtA /Ej)
Problm1:
nd tha paobabiity dawtng a one- Aupu
Cotn om a pws with 2 Comp ant munt onu o!
bh'eh eontaun 2 y paus Cotnu Qnd 2 ou Aupu
Cotns and o h Contaunu 2 y paiu cotn and
3 onu Bupu Cotrs
Goln:
ki i Ht Comp aut ment od th puse eho n
Compat ment o hu pu n choen
ka : Se cond
A: On hupu Cotn n daawn
ex Kastit etnl

PC&) P(k)
PCAIE): 5
pCA Ik.)
PCA) PC). P CAjA,) + P(k). P(A/k,)

eontaun 6 e and 6 klack oall. A

ball ou aon at Aandom, it eoloun s motad
and setuune to tRu un ROuouc, 2 adoulional
balle of tRu eoloun d a n au put c the cuAn and
Run a ball s daun at Aandom
paob.dhat the seeond ball ç ed 9
Soln:
t k,: Glaek ball cs duewn <n 1ot duaus 6

-|9
2

55

and
ex haus hie eunt A5
R amd k9 Qe m.e
9

P CA |E) > 5 PCA IEa)

P(A): PCEi). PCA<Ei) + PCks). pCA/Ei)

 A peuson has unde takun a contauelion go6
hu paAOb abi liliu au o 65 Rat hu wll e
slaike, o 80 kat «ke constauetion goG wel
s lake, and
comp lld on tima il tku ç no
O32 4hat the eouthueion yob will e compahd on
elermuie dle pAob. hat
<k conuthue tion yob wwill le Comp llud on ime
Boln:

tReu will le no slike

compleled on um
A eont laue bon ob will Be
P(A ): 0.65 PCE) : l- PCE) -0. 65 035
P(A| ka) : 0 &D
P CA IE) : 0 32

Ru quiud psob abi lily PC4)

P(ki). P(A|ki) + PCa). PCA&)
o65 O32 + 035 XO-8o
o.k88

On bag eontans w he and 5 &laek balli

Anolesbag conains 6 wRb and Yblaek ball
Aball ç hankd fom 4 Bag to hu yod bag
(

Qnd ln a ball ç duawn hom <h teond kag

fend ek pAob Rat Re ball oiaon i wlite
(2 )
Soln: 7

6 13

ks : B laek ball i taanfud

G 3
A white balt awn
tom tke seond bag
 P CA /EI) - I P(A/k9) 6

PCAJ PCE). P(A|ki) + PCE.). P (4 /ka)

63

63

Jh fuit bag
bag Contariu 5 wha
5.9hu au bag eontain
Sand a blaek balla and le seond iawn
Qnd 5 llaek balleJso alli au
3 whie
at andom anl au put nto
fom te fet bag
w hout mo i eang kin eolous :
dke seeond bag
seond ag
Skin dwo bale ae l awn fom Hu
balla Qur white a d Blaek.
And tk prot.that ke
do ln: B

het k, : dwo lkit balle ae 8 3 5 &

olu a n
5 5 ID
5
ka: luwo blaek balG au duauo
bla ck
ka On whet Qnd On 2 2

ball i duawn

A: dwo balle duausn om le 6 8

u white blaek.

P CE,) = 5x# PCAJE,): 5 x 5

8x

3x 2
28
 PCAJk> ): 15
5

PCks) - 5 x3 5x3x
9R

P (A/k8) :
15

.'. PCA) - P(ki) PCA/Ai) +P(6,). P(A/ k) +P(As) PlA/k))

Y

25 250+ 63+ 360

|26
1260
643

6. An unbaiud Coin
a pai of unb alid die ü ho (led and dh sam of
h no. ob lainud u no ed. tRe esut ç atail,
a cad eom a wel 4kufl led paek e eards
Mu mbed 2,3, 6,... 12 . u pekad and hu mo
Card i no td

Soln:
ht E,! he eotn shocus a ReRd.
k¡: thu Cotn sho ws a dal
A: he noud no. i ee thu y os 8.
ja.o,o.s.e.),(3.4)
(3,5),A,) (4.4
36
(5.2),(6,a) ,(6.) A6. 3X

Ruguened paobabilty - Pea)

PCÆ). P(A|E.) + PE) PCAfE),
193
y Abag Cont auiu (2m) Corn
hau a had on bo th
that n o thu Cotnu

at Aandom fom he
Qnd u' tosed 4 th ps obability that
the
bag fend h valu
doss ulls

Soln.
bit k, : Jhoo headid Cotn
kyi Unbased Cotn
A: hu ad eoms us
P(E) . n _

P(AJki) ! 2m+

PrA|ka)
3
that PCA)
3|
P (Ei). P(a Jki) + P (ka) P(AJE.)
2.
31

31

3m 31
 1/. -.6UfP,oV i ~ D -Jo ~ (TTLl_n and c, .:;,bj. ~
tA.5-eJrrurv -A.-eu..>-e 94 A.a-uv · J 8M-tf - A _ ~
p.{A__g_o n u; ~e__b_d Gd AG.-n-d-o7T1 · ~ uS
,tlu, p A at . °I '~ F O?v ,l.u_ n8 c«Le..1,r_ ~ ~n
~
d ::;--.-..,.
cA-s-sun-u iA.-0...1:. -J.~ Guu. ~u&.1 ~e - ~ r,,1--~
,, ")
'7;1--.........
J rn &1.u 9 .::;---.. '
")
'3tJfn : :;;---..
°')
/.Lt !--1 : M-lt.. e.,,,~ ·n!J ~ crt1--&h ~
~
~ 9- : h,<..J,Le__t.i_ 'YL/il Cl- -1:-- "In. al_i.. . . ~
~
A • ,M.)__,_ c_..l,_ ~ °'" 8 ALf1 -1,_GJ..AL.el ~ n . .:;:::--.....
~

PC,{,) ~ P ( /E5.) ~ -f ~
~
P(4/£,)~_ §_
/00 ~
--::. ~
/DD 10000 /./<90
~
PC~,) - PCA/R,) ~
PC k ,) · P (A/ I=,) + PC le;). P CA-/ K,:J.)

=:
~ )( ~~ .§
.8

~ ~
-1~ + ½X. Y"'~ S+ y~
5 X Jf :z,O
::- - -- i:;- ~
iRO-t/ c2J
~

:Z). ~Uff {H.( w-e Aau-t ~ &-e, X-U A ~ I J C Cl '>1 o/ 1) ,.::, .._ ~
e£J ref cu. n..t ~a
Lh'fo UILLd cm_~&.,. ~ ~n ~UJ 4..P.~ . .I._:

~ox ,.___f) i:U-f.rl.,_ C o-fo u.A.-

~ IA..l~b., .Jd la.e.k

A 1 <; '3 I ~• ~ --,

/I
~ ~
13
C g
,'.t

I
,
D 0 G ~
 ®
Q,yu e-j t~ ..l-o>U-A ~ $v_n ~~d al_ .J.,&rt-olo7n,,
etnd Cl kn~ {)YL~ ,U dA_0--1.,<9r> -f-°= il -·N IR.,..
rm.a.A-&-& Ul ,)t{__d , ~ M i~ f ,A.O-fJ . -I/u;,...,c u w-~
d,,.~,-,, ~tr) kK A ? h11. I!> ~ ,t.or: e ?
dcr-fn !

w le I .' ,M_,U-e_:&_ne ,&; t A

k 2 : Ml.,_ e.1,,._ na h ~ A
,€ -3 : na 1:,-o
/4 .,Ll.A_ e_J_j_ oc (_

K-4, µ.Lt_ e1tne kx JJ

A : M- h- (__.£__ n_(/ Gt A.,u;J r m ~ ·

PClc.,)::. PC£,.)=: PC~).::.' P(!c;,)= -f-

PCA-/t.,) ~ _J_
l~ ✓/ 10

~ p ( A I £:J. ) = _§_
~
lo

F P(A/ K~) z ___§_

ID
F
~
=:::.:J PCl,) - PCA/£,)
p Ctt,,/ A) = -----------------
--.:)
/>( k,) . PC A I k1)1- p C£:i.)- P(A /~)+PC ~) -PCA-/ ~) + p (~ ·P(A/~
----)
__, ¼_x /ffi
~

- 1 . :1)
j
- i -15'
I
I
.I

i
--!J
_ :, P(k,/A):
.
PC£,). PCA/£,.)
I
I
,_-, P(i,) · P(A/12,) + P({c;).P(A/f.1.) -t-P(~) -P(AJ/:;J),t P{t~)·P(A/4) I
I

- ~ ,¾, Jt "!HJ
I\ =------------
-1,'
j '¾ ?< Yw -t ~ x "Jw + ~ ( g-/HJ + Xo .l( ~ =
 . ~ r

~1')
I/

p ( le.a I A) C p U.) . 7' CA I I;,,) --.::--~

PC£,) P(A / £,).. P(IG.) - NA/ 16.)-t PC~). P(11/R,)+ P(!c+)-P{1'/e;Ji~',
~-
/Y; ~
8/
. ffl
r-\
:1:) >

~ rx 'I1-t)-. .,. ~ ~ 1,/l:l) + ¼ x g.I I,{) .,. ¼ xo ffµ r '(DI

~ 8 g ~
~=15 ~
6 up per,., 6l. g-uJ.. :tl.....t,w-, 6l du --.9~ A, IL,. ~ (> 5 ,,.._ {, , ~
/4 t.... M½U a_ e.b,i, ~ i.,_m.LJ t;;.nd m.o-tu & mn - aJ ~ cl,.-
~
..!),t ..1, t..,_ ~ 1 , ., , -.l O'! h , ,.,. t.,_ &v,u a e ~n o n u. 0..n.d "' · [\).
rn. o-t,__, . t,,<:}/cdlu..,_. Gl ./{,_ t:u/ M -jr,,._,J Ll <!! {;,-f GU- nL<i · 3/ .4 /l,_ ~'~
/ &f;.ta...;'YUJ:'l ua.e.lYJ 1''l'U. k.ad , ~ u I,(_,_ ?~ · /1...a.1: ~
lot., ~ 1, ., , .a o-t h w -N"- J:t.... olu. 9 ~ ~
:-----~
"-"

'~

~
-~
~9- : 9L~'ntJ 8 ~ b
A : 8<- ll,:_n(J .ex ae_lLtj e,,;u 1.-e-&..ci ,

p k,)e ec _!!__
6
= _!_
~
P C£:J.) = _!_
6
= _!._
0

p C,{, I A-) :: p ( £ ,) . p (AI£ I)

P(K-,) - PCA_/£,)+ PCi:!J.) P(A-/£_,_)

:
--
I I
-- -8
/ ·-t- ..3/a -
8-t--3
~ - JJ

J
I
,r

@
1 :; I
.(in a Ju_ 0.A-1- ( •h1.J a h/J acL_
~,F ~\J
(,. v) a_ e[u_,,&.

;1 -~ "60-ln :

~l :::)
~ ,c 1 : le:»+ e(VLc-J ~ ta ()Ul>lrno nd
,v
~J k : ,I__t>-s t e GJL d ..tJ vL /lL r.:vak
_J ";)
~ : 1,(H t C,(M,0 U Cl AJf0<.-eLt .
Jr - - ✓
1£,;,.: 1tH t ee..Ad .u Gt el~ ·
- :) ·, -;I

Jl ., J
(_~) A: a~r~-?1__8 2 6l<_0..rri-o nd e0JLeu

~
=r - PCR-,) = - 13 - -,4.I
5,.
p (£:,.)~ - I
"1
l_ ,, J
PC~~)= _!_ PC£1,):: _!_
_f ~ ~
,/f

J~ P(4/I,) ~ ,~ e!)._ P CA/ 12:J.) ~

/.3 f .2.-
.:j E>i.e.l..
l EJJ.e.1
.1~ 1.3 e_,_ P(4/~) ~ Id e.1..
P( A/~)::
,~➔ ~e.,_ 5:le_,_ .
1~~
P(~,). PCA-/£,)
~ p (£, I A ) ~ -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1
---' P( k,) -P(A-/£,)-t - P(£.2.) P(A-/E~) + P(~) PCll-f K..3)-+ P(lc;J .p (A/t;,t.) 1

,'
--.,., "'9 I
I

----.J

--:J
~

-~ ,,
=-----
I~ X It: /~ X. fJ., I~ -x·,S... ,, -,. I~ + 1-3 --t 1-3
-J ---t---f
IX~ IX~ tx~ Ix.~

-3 I~
I

_ 3 (j,i)

-~
- ,
,,
, =

1
( v) P ( lc1, /A ) :: _!!__
5'D .

f;t-cm ~j
~ J!i tA ,&_ lWI, ci fe. n-0 w ri io ./.__av-, eo nu .v,· IA.vl-

Orn ,tlct.., > .. ~

~ 'YU.rtJ£I.-IITf . .-; ~ .,
Q
~LI
'I AT A 1..../ A G1 AR o--t- CA-/.. C.LJ 7 7 A . >-"- • T

/1x ~ ' ~ t t..,__ ~

~ Ml vw 1' A &L r
(/11
J..«n, {_f)o /W_
f.-o c,) e A /... c. U -, 7 A ~
f Ur t . -lla_t ;Jlt .J...c t f..u_ 'A__c;u f-0 'rrLl-
Tn

= [
(,'i) 7 A-7 A IJA- G. AR . ----.....
r;r- -

l3 I : .{ ~ .l,__1lu., e d-'l'Y U 1:-c Yn LoJ_ uJ!A, ,;--

le,,_ : -tk h_~ ~&-? 'YU ~'n'J _::J ~d~~ .;;::- -
,:;;:::-
j A : ~ f:_t]'h _.J .t., ~ ,l.J 1u w ~ c,-n /i._._, ..e. n-,U -e_ ~ f: -
~

~ TA -
, I
p ( le I) = p ( k'J ) ~ -~ .

p (A I k ,) :- _!_
'I ~
'7A, A 7,7 A,A A.1 1 NA 1 A G; ,
p (A /k;.) =2
rs aA , A ,\1
PCt,,) . P (A / f ,) --l
-.,
r

.......

...... I
r

~
Y:.,. ;(_ 1/t ::-
'Iv ~
-v__ I
X 'a:~ S( "
...._
i -,. I 1-1 ~
'¼x '/~ + ¾. X J/e (I<{ '1 If
'
~
-::,
- JI
....:

~--,

~ ~ 1/e )j~
=
¼ X Ytt + ¼ >< 3/e
;::
8-,. I>,.
'fi.X"/
'= )1_ ~
-=
,,
~
~
- It
V

...:::::::::;--
'

'
. - r;
[I,
,'l I
~ '
 . ®
~6 , u4 k,,llut__ u A.. ?1-,0 w--ri lo IL~ ~'Yn.,l ~~ 1/u.A -f--o )r)

,l O A.f1) 0 A.I (Yi C /..., I F 7 0 /J . 0-o i l....t .fl 'll-u-t_..t__~ a-uj,,.f: Lu..ro
eonu ~ k_if.uw O JJ 0-A.t (1H-M.-U . ~ u -/~
P~·ak·L4J tfi._a1 :t_l.-t ~1:LtA_ ~ eCJ-nv- f-vrn.1
(~) ,(.OAJ./)OAJ' ('ii] Cl!F 70A.I •

-3a!n :
/4.-t K-, .- i ~ k flue, ea rru ~ 'rY.> ,lo n-ti,,o rv
~ .,__ : f k lLilui, ~6l rn1 jo rn C .1iJ lo rv
A ; ;ltv-{) e__o n,u__ eh t.1Lu-e h t~ nrwi/4. 0 n ih- Jl:nLTt.Lo-/X

~ oAI ·

1-..0 , o_pJ I /JD, DO) o.p-1

P(A/£,) = _3__
5

· Pc 1c, J . P·r A / £, J

11
6X5 =

p ( K-2) . p ( A I k ~ )
')( - A ay c/2 0·0 0 I· _J ')'") a. LUt --f().J.__·n C<_j•t / f .oi I 0 0-0
1.rJ, I i . ""

~on, ,. /2 u..{~ f:--orn 78. u4 p-uu on .-u M..- L_e:1..u:J

GU ?tan elo 'n'v ,u . cu.·6t 3 cn_~d i..o l{g_v-e 7 8 .
t<Tt...6U u; .{~ fMt& , -,llt_af. i,.. ae..lu a,l~ -A-&J 78.
~Dfn:

AU /c 1 : t k r,uu-o't) 1r<.-,le. c&.d ,<.iu../, F ~fJ Jw rn 7 /?,

/>

t,!} ~ i/0 FOTJ M..-ti.elul ..u ~ /2u.Jl;uu-~ 7 R> ~-ff) .

A : c/1..,_ ~ elv...- 0vl ~ ,t(V, 7 E,

qqq
p C£ 1) = lo; o p C£.,.) : :_ I - Joov = Joo o

P{ A/I,)= - o - qq _

p (A-/ f ,.) "' 0 · 0 0 I,

p (l JIA) ~ _ _P_(_l:_,)_._P_(_A/_E_,:.._)_ _ ______

~OX e; . qq - - __ __ _
O· q q __.

q qo II o
r; - 9'1 ,:_ ,::

I q 8 q
:z :2._ I .
/. q 8 q

0o f-n 1
A.ct £I : Af El J!,. o...,l/ u IA- 0.. Y U ~ el
E, !i ; );. tQ.,ek /:,_J ~ b . a NF- el
- . -·
1; ,i ,
@
11 \1,
A : a 10.. <:J J, o..11 -<-' .:lG.lu_ n -f-orn ~ Q._8 Ii_
t
I \.I., e;; '
L!!.
.I
'i'
p (~ ,) = ~
rr ~
._sJ
'1 - PC£~)~ --2_
:/ . I<. ta T I< 8
!, q
I

'[ t;J- ~
~ '9
_{] ,V P (A I k ,) = _£__ I
I
IO 5 5 /()
ll ~ d Ii '1
4
/
~
.::: q
-l ~ p (A I kc;.) II E,

r'01 LO

p ( ~,.) . p (IJ- I k:J) )I. 6

I
lo
/A )~
~ p ( k3. I

( k: J · p ( 1>-/ £J
~ P ( le 1) . P ( 4 / K ,) -t- P

tt;'t.. . X ~II{) - .
lh =
/{,
:::
I !i + ll, ~1
0/v X 5/~ + 4j.,_ :x If/IQ

L I tJ "J. 9 flu., fJ<A1,

b "/. ~ tk lf ' & n <1
~ "q -..9 <n a e l tU -< ,
e__ f a..M ~· €, o Ya
15v . !} rn - /~
a-n i <J; ~ cn ur u -1-la
_n
~ fl au -e M
tu_d....t_ rJ.J 6lA..l k ~ .-i-./ & h {u _ au_ n_ l_
~ {:}-I -I ~ ,,,$
Gl 7J .1. Q
,>{_a_n_d...()7rv 8.-n-e/ j-eu.n..(;/ ./:o ~Q .., U- t

~ M)_,,__e_iu:J
+nGi
o._;f_
~~ fJ A.fr{, . .,l-/lr;u:_ t&
~
~ <,t cr no i.l :t ~ n, 15b . J

.
~ Afu.<X-t_nJ- < l o.. ~
~ o ln .-

/41 ~ 1 .. A o& u · ~ ll iol

-: J fc ,_ : {J(.°M Cd M-l<-e,f..w
1 ~ t~ n IS-V ..u A-<-,'--'--e_,t.uJ
~ A : _._j-f u,0v- n1 w--e-~Iii, f)n ,cK .,t ;/

..'... .~
j ~o l).:l
~v PC t.:,. ) =
~
p ( £ ,) ,::_
-
IO V
lo o
I
I
-i JV
Ii" P (A /l ,) ,,, lo o
_-, p {A /£ 1) <= -
IO V
:,
~

:_,
~
 /J
~v _y~ rm-< rn.,b-vu D/ °" u, 71A J ):i"YJ -f"- rn ~ mi: ('.'. 0..A-1 ,. '. '
f' o.,n 0 Ju,,,, to..L ~ n,U,LJ : £O -J. -fw,,.,-, 0-(t 4 X,
0 o •/. .jw-m a cf n ~ "/ o._ no/ ~ o 1. 1(-o.,, a_fr ' -n~ :/ .
~TY) f 0.A l f_X.,t V,.Lf rn u a I), k 'Tl-0 U)T) ;( fi_ at 9 fa 1
;ft.,, e_ (VU f O TO A-ff n-~ {X nu., Ui Q ,<,U,,V -{ LJ 0. -n_(j
~ "-8 ,l_._-Jcu N
8 . ,~ ·;. o-1, .f:-o
b n 1;,_ n t Pu.
0,,,3" ~ :f rn_u.,e,/
C<'VLJ n-i
a ,,J,.LU rt c_,t Q :rwJ .lu n-l n8 ~ ;:,;--
9',,t:,.,,h ~ 8 n <>I j, e ~ -f/u. {'_ B.A.A
ID rn & a,-< 4 !t .;;- f,o
rru.., , el G\ M ...u,; u a 'Y"Ld ~ .,,_,_ ~ ~ M n -l. ~ ,
-
JJ ,1;!.,_ Ji_,_ nda l ('.'. &v\,
ctk ~
rn-<-'--el,. .:b, F
7

~ C-<
'JT1

A n..el -lu"Afn(J , ;f~ fA o-f .,'~ ~ ~ :. ,l:--nd

Gl tf'--n~ ~ W ~ lo ,Z, .J,._ea. 'TYU-ei,
~d~.- T

0---3'<- n ~ P(

GL ~n~ Y
0-~rl-LJd "I
r--

, p ( k,.) = 0 o P Cf::a)= :to

lo D .
lo D ,
ID O
P(A -(£,) = q p (A/ ~,J ~ _!_3_ , P ( A- Ila) ::- to
I ()--f) too ID o

:iD
IO J

P(~ 1 /A): :::

,_ ~o 8/
l~P( ._£- -3/A )?::
lo I IO I
 On ooth thus . A Cotin çsuetd at Aandom
fom thii set and toHd 5 lines. / all d
5 dumes, #hu Aeult wau heaole., tnd dhe
PAobabi diky that h aec led coin had hads
on bo th iou.
Sol:
kit k: unbaHd cotn
ko: tw0 huaud eotn

P(E) PEa)
P(A/E) = 95
P (A/k) - 4
P(&:). P(A | k)
P(ksIA) =
P(Ei) P(AJ6,)+ P (k) PAJ Ea)
Ig x 8
8+1

32. shopkupu alu 3typu a flown suds A, A.

and Ag hy au so ld as a mistuu w u tha
paopotionu
457,,607.
and 35%. Caltulat hu pao babidy
(a) a Aandom ehon Buo to 9munak
(b) dhat it wwill mot gumunab gtutn that thu
sud o typ As
() that it ò of the type As girn hat a iandomty
Choun sed dou mot gumimate:
 ka: Syp Aa

A: chon sua b 9umunat

Pe)k.
PCAJE) =60 PCAJEs)= 35
/oo loo
ut B: choun huoi dou mot gumunat
65
55
P(AJE): P(B/k,) = /o0

(a) Riquiud puobability P(A)

= PIk,) PCA /E,) +P(k) PlAJE) + PEs) PlA /ks)

20
9 O.9.

(6) Paob abili ty = PC8/ks) =65 o. 65

loo.
P(k) P(B/ka)
() P(ki /6) PCE) P(A/E,) + P(k) P(BIk)+P(kg) P(AJ6)

I6
22+ I6 + 13

51
 39Gx 56
13 +
X39G 13G 13CA
xC213
(Es) P(AJE)
P+ P(E) lAIA,)+ P(E)P P(E,/A)
(A/&i) (E).P P
(A|k3): P
C2
39P(ks)
13
C2
52
|ka) - P(A x39G. G,
I3
50 P(AJE,)
: C2
52
PCki)=
Ca
13
g"ling A:
Cand. mond aa a
iamonolr. mon aoh ka:
both Ej: t Solm:
amon di oR s Cand Aost
probabidy
tlthat the fnd
Aiduàmond
manng
Cauo.
thefromdawn lost
card 62 paek aom card1 Jwo 38.
 26+15
73
1 +Qb + Q6!
513
CI3 25 3 26
k)(A/ P(k). PCAJki)
Þ+ Pr&,)
/Ei) tA P(E)P
C3 51
C13 25
Pl4/E,) 52
C13 5|
ÞA/E)
awn la a ear 3 A:
Can
blaek card
i mestnA
Soln:
ekbla Cand
ç
a
ll examnd
a au eh h Card 13
d. only aun Comt
found
to was cand playng packo AS4.
 85 1 Cont aun & d and 3 blu balls
modal Bag d and A blue balu
Qnd bag 4 Comt a n
hansfued at Aandom om
Bag 7 and dhun a ball i dhaon
Bag î
â.i) nà hu puo babidily hat ha
fom Bag <n colous
ball duawn
(33) Ru tall tom Bag i i ound
awn
to be ud fna the paobabel ty that th
blw and ud
Ihan fea balu weu
Boln:
R B

dut k, : tkansfud balls

a d

ka : than fuud ball

a: Iaa nsl u ball au olu andd taeh
(2) A: Ball auawn

P(k3) =

x6

Pa/E) P(A/k) 6 PtA Es)

8
5

P (A)- P(E1) PAJE) + PIka) PlAJEa) + Ptka)

PlaJks)
l 8 +20

56
(i1) B: Ball eu auon

P(B/k)
P(AJE):
P(Rs /4) : P(k) PlB/ka)
P(RI) P(B|k) + P(&) P(B/ka) +
P(Es)

12
8+2+13
 Random Naiab u and ito Daobability
Sithibulion
andom vai abl i a al valud n
whose olomaun u the sampu Apau a
Aandom pimnt
kg: Comlu a Aandom expt o tong
Cotn

S:{44, H7, TH, 77}

ut x: mo. hia
Yan X(T) =0
x(HT) = 1
x(TH) 1
x (H H) - 2
u, x takn dhu alus o,1 and .

han Ou andom Vaiabl can be

AMou
dfnid
at y : no - mo

i, y(HH)2

Y(TT)- -9

Paobummu:
a Cotn haue
4. d peuson playe a gam o! toing
 ol thu gam and os taeh dail

Qmount gauud o dost by thu peon Shoue

that X aa.V and 2x kiG'tt it as a On

thu sampu spau f hu expi mint.

Soln:
kit x: amount gund o dost by thu pon
S: 4HH, #HT, 7HA, HTA, HTT,TH T, 7TH, TT7}
X (HH 4) 6
X (HHT) X (HTH)= x(TH H) = 4 15 J5

X (H TT) = X ( TH T) = X (7 T H) : J XI5 =-1.

X(TTT) = 3* -t.5 - 9.5.

tach el munt o! the samp spaa
X takus a nugu valu, hune x i a fo.
on the samp spae hoho Aang s
- , 250, - 4. 50, 6
.
UAn eont aun 5 Rud and Jblack balli
Yo balli au Bamdomly dhawn. ki t x
hapnt h mo. f lack ball. wkat

Aandom Vaiabl.9
Soln:
S- RR, RB, BR, BI3
ut x : mo. el laek balls
X a &ando m Vaiabl
 ol hiaels and hu Mo o tale oblainud
hen a Cotn
pob valu x9
So ln:

mo.

X: oifeumeebe tuen m and m

X: lm-n)

6 3

Yhu pobl valuu o x au

Piobabi lily Di taibuion o< a Rando Vaiabl
ut ,, ,
the andom vauabl x. ht ,P . Po be Iha
phobabi l tiu consponoling to eaeh aluu of h
Aandom variabl x. han h probabtky

whuP o and
P(x) P Pa Pn
i=)
 Paob lamu:

hada tuuming up. Wa the paobabi uby

diutaibution o X.
Soln:
ut X : mo. ol huac S:f HH H, HHT, HTH,
X = 0, 1. 2, 3
THA, TTH, TH T,
HTT, TTT
P(x o) - P(TTI)
P(x)- P( HTT,THT, HT): 3
P(X- 2) - P(THH, HTH, HH)3
&.
P(x *3) PlH HH)=

2. Cotn i baind so that the head i Gims

Likuly to oceu
tosmd twie. nd ha paDb. olei hi buti'on
mo.

Solm:
PCH) =3 Pr)
PH)
t X: mo

X: 0, . 2
 Plx o) P(H H) =
P(x =1) P(HT es TH) 3

P(x- ) : P(TT)

Pix) l'66 76
the ollown!
3. dandon vauabt x hau
prob. di tibubôn
3 5 6

| Prx) k Jk 3k k yk k

tenmun
() k (3*:) P (3< 1s 6)
(iv) P(x>6)
(*1) P(x5)
Bolo:
o+k +2k+2k + 3k + k+ 9k k+k=t
(:) S P(*) = 1

Iok'+ lok k-| o

lok (k+)- (k+) =o
(k+) (lok -) = 0
k To
k-1 X

(i1) P (x> 5) = P(6) + P(6) + P()

lo
(èi1) P (3 < s6) = P(3) + P(4)+ P( 5) + P(6)
" k 3k + k+k Bk+ 5k
lo

3+50D 63
Io0

(iv) P(x> 6) - P()

Y+1D
loD

loo

Can the ollo wt rig diitaibution te a pAob.

di tai bution ol a A. V. X.

P(x) o4

Bolo:

Prx) gkate than no and ess han 1.

paot. di labution ol a .v.

5. Aandon var abe hes a
dithi bution Px) o thu o llowngpaobabiby
fom, whu
k som
k , i A= 0
P(x) =
3k
o fhus wtie
 k value
o thu And (a)
Ihnwe o
P(x*) =
eontant. unknown
oswhuu
k fotn lowng fo the
has valw Rudaku Can thatx paob.
day.
h schoot seleetd Aandomly duinga
study you hous < thedunoe xKt 6.
2) P(x >2) P(x
) P(x + ) P(x P(X=
+o) X<) - P(
3k +2k= k =
P(x=
1) x
+o) P(= - ) P(<
X (6)
6
(R)
Golm:
P(X) <2), (x 2),P (x< fndP (b)
knalu
of thu mini e (a)
 2+9
3x3 z3k +
lx-2) )+ P(X= 0)+ P(x= -
(xs2) 2how)
P P(ttmost
Pix-) 2hou). PExactly
3
PX=
)P(x-3)+ P(x-2)+
P(xa) houu) P(tluast (6)
60
-3 9 =k
9
1P*)= (a):
Solm:
hows Almot Jhous9 xaclly houw9 2
uat study you dhat piob thu what
w (6)
 ean a Ran dom Uauabl.

t x b ai.V. Assumng valuw

Aupe bily
dunoted by 4.Je
ma o a .V. X có als o called he
expetatuon X and

+ MP.
= P, + 1, P2 +..

Psob mi:
+. t X oenot dha sum of the mumb oblauid
whin two aui ue au Aolad. nd ha

soln:
ut x: thu sum o moI

X =2, 3,4,6, 6, 9, 8, 9, /0, II, 12.

6
 Mean E(X) = i P; = 252 9
36

2. Yhe Pro b abidty dis tibulion ol a av x

s gurn iloue
X

P(x) k 3k

end k and also fend he mian

Solo:

P(x) k 2k Bk 4k 5k 5k 20k

XP(x) o Ak Gk 12k 20k 25k 65k

k=

Mean (x)=S1; P; 65k

3

3. J o mumbus nued at Aandon

(ith out eplau munt) fom he fit 6 +

tnlgr ht x
mumbw oslainud nd kix).
Soln:
X = 2,3, 5, 6.
 Yo bal mo: 6C,

Jo 30
6 + + 3G :
I5 J5 I5 I5
X: 5 I , 2,3, 4
fo
J5
X 6 , , 3,6,5
5G - 5

3mumn bu an sueted at Aandom (hsrhout

Auplae mnt) tom feut +

oGtained
nd tke pAobability dis ti bution o) x. Ao
nd he mean
Solo: TN= 6C
ut x: the smallut thu 3 mos -6x 5 X42o
JX3
X = I 2,3, 4. X4
= 3 , h, 5,6

X=23,,5, 6
X

P(x) X>3 ,5, 6

3 - 3
Mean = k(x) -21 Pa X h 5, 6
35

Q0
5. 3 mumbu seeeed at aandom
(wwhout heplauma nt) fon eist
hagu t x danolu tha dargut o he 3
mumbu. ob fanedn'd the paob abidiby
citi bu tion o) X and aluo nd he muan.
Soln:

X = 3, ,5 ,6. TN 6 C3
6x5 X4 20

X 3 1,
X 3 5

P(x) X& , 2 , 3
3 C =3

NDean : (x) = n; P X 5 h 2, 3, &

3 2 Bo 6o 2
+
20 X 6I,2,3, 4,5

tnd th paob. d ti bubon o the m aximum

a u
mo. of thu dwo s Cou obtaund hohun

o< tke diilibution.

Solm:
kat X: hu mn a i mum mo. o hu 2scotu.
X I, 2,3, 6, 5, 6.
yh paob. dii laibuton o x TN 36
X x =|’ (, ).

P(X) " (2,2)

x =3 ( 3)(3.)
(3, 3) (3, 2) (3, 3)
Mean 1; P
X= A’ (,4).(4,)
* , A5, 66 (3,4) (A, a),3,4) (43)
36 36 36

X=5 (, 5) (6,)
36 (2,5) (5, ) ,(3,5)(5,)
(4. 5) (5, 4) (5,5)
X=6 ’ (l.6) (6)
(3,6) (6, 2) (3,) (6, 3)
(a.6) (6,4) (5,6) (6 5)
(64)

man (h mu mbus 96taune d on

thiowtng a die haung wttun ! on hue

a on two a e s and Onu ae

Soln:
dut x: mo. we ten on the aes o the cu
X | 2,5

6
X

Pex)| l6

Suppo hat two cauds

 Aandom from a ouek o cande. t xe

tCx). 4 A
Soln: 52.

at X: mo

I8 8
P xo): P(mo ae) 52 Ca 52X 51

PlX *) P(on ae) 4C) x &C, &x A8 x2 32

52 C, 52x5t

Px2) = P (huo ae)

62x51

Psob. citibuuon o< x

X
188 3
Px)

34
13
modul
A ud and g whit balle
4. on wn cont aunt
o the utubuteón ol tke
no. o whee ball 3 balu au dhaon
at han dom
Soln:
Kut X : mo. l whit balls
X= 0, 1, 2, 3.
 P(x o) :

P(x ) x 34 I8

Yx Bx5 35

Plx 3) :
35

35 35 35 35

lo. Jhe Caru an ou awn suceively w h

hepdacem nt fom a well ahuldd pack of
52 Cards nd tke paob li ti buteon ef
h mumhu o< spoadle. tso, fnid hu mean
Soln:
ut x: mumbu ol spa clus.
X = 0, I .2, 3
P(x =) - P(Ao spae) = 6239. 39.39. 27
64

P(x - ) P (omu spade) -3 39 39 x3 = 21

52 52 52 64
13
P(x: )-P(2 4pacu) B
52 52
39 x3 =
P(x =3) = P (3spa du) 13
52
13 13
62 52
Duob. dui lnibuuon ol x
X 3

6A 64
 Mean = (x) = ;P
3 3
64 64

II. Yu paob. dilibutuón ol a A.v. X

glutn as oe low
X k 3k

P(x) o
nd the valu ol k ¿J kx) = 2-94
Soln:
kx) = En; Pi
2k, 3k , 5k
25 25

25+ 2D + 24 + lok + 6k + lok

50

294 69 + 26 k

98 /38 + 5 k
52k = I56
k:3

a ddueut A.y. whon paobabiliy

defnd follows.
k(+) os - I, 2,3, 4
P(x = ) : = 5, 6,
o1
othuwit
whu k ç a cosfant . Caleulat
 () he valuu o k ( ) Æ(x)
Soln:
X

P(x) 2k 3k lok 12k k

(3) Sina x aa.v., S P(x) = 1

2k+ 3k +§k +5k + lok + 12k + l4 k !

(i) (x) = SA; P;

= 2k + 6k+ 12 k + 20k 50k + 2k+ 98k

I9. Jhu fuinos go o co<fe

who wil pay tke bill , y <ach tosung
otn and thin atung A odd pon pay
odd pson < all 3 tons
pAoduee th samu hesull . thu
puson Hthe fst Aound. they mak
seond Aound ol dons and thuy Contumu
to do s0 until thue cs an odd puson. what
i th pao babidity that ex aelly 3 houn de o
dowu au made 9
Solm:
P(mot obtaining an odd puson
Bound) - P(HHH) + P(TT T)
 P( obtai ming an odd pson ungl
Aound) I
Requiud pxobabiliy 3
64

Jn a game a puson paia ~ 5 ha gut

alt uad os all tauls h Aen g cotn a od,

and hu will þay 3 ) e fhr omu os dwo

Soln:

Plx= 5) :
Px - 3) = 6

Expeeud am ount to wn, 0n hu anap pu

gam =}2; P; 5x-3x3 - -1

Jhus, ke psom hill

Jn a gam Aupu for

and oo a aupu fos anyg Huu no. hn
man ueud h
Zhioue a oliu tRaiee but to quit s and when
 amount

Soln:
at x: hu amount he hei loo
X: . o, -I, -3.
P(x- ) h

216

P(x-) (%)

25
IX+ox 5-|x 253x
36 16
B6-5 - 395

I6. Suppou loo00 tieka au sold tn a lo leny

amd

thu comd pRAj j o 2o00. SKiu au 3

thid pajs oy Soo eaek. you buy

one diekut, kan what e yowa txpeetation.
Soln:
Lut x a mo unt o Dzu
X = 0, 500, 2000, Gooo
 X 600

P(x) 9995 3
lo000 looo0 J0o0D Ioo00

15 D0 2000 Boo0 6500

x Px)
lo oo0 IDooo
0000
6500
= 0.65
loo oo