Science 8

Science – Grade 8
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Types of Faults
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Marlyn M. Mapalo

Editor: Rosalina B. Piamonte
Reviewers: Mylyn P.Gabriel, Rosalina B. Piamonte
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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
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OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

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 Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of
Pasig City

Quarter2
Self-Learning Module2
Types of Faults

Science 8
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module 2 on Types of Faults

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by
its Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the
K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs,
namely: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and
Character while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
 Notes to the Teacher
Thiscontains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the Science 8 Self-Learning Module 2 on Types of Faults

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and

skills that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the

lesson at hand.
 Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and skills
that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of the

lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the entire
module.

EXPECTATIONS
This module is written for better understanding in the terms about
Earthquakes, Epicenter and Faults. How does it form and its relationships to each
other? Let us start with faults.
 After going through this module, you are expected to:

a. differentiate the three types of faults;

b. construct fault models.
c. relate faults movement and earthquakes.

PRETEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following diagrams show the reverse fault?

A B C D

Figure 1: Types of Faults

2. What fault causes the bending of the road as seen in the picture below?

Figure 2: Fault sample

A. Normal fault C. Strike- slip fault
B. Reverse D. Thrust fault

3. How does a reverse fault form?

A. Blocks slide past each other.
B. Compression thrusts the fault into reverse.
C. The hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall.
 D. The hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall.

4. When the hanging wall slips downward below the footwall, what kind of fault
is it?
A. normal B. reverse C. strike-slip D. Thrust

5. If the left block appears to have moved towards the observer, then which type
of fault does it belong to?
A. Dextral B. Normal C. Reverse D. Sinistral

RECAP
In your previous lesson, you encountered about the Fault and How Faults are
formed. Let’s recall.

Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is not.

1. A fault is a fracture in Earth along which no movement has occurred.

2. There are three (3) types of stress that leads to the formation of faults
namely Tension, Compression and Shear.
3. Earthquake is the sudden shaking of the surface of the earth. As the tectonic
plates move, they cause stress in the crust, which produces faults.
4. Tension results when a system of forces is applied to an object in different
directions.
5. Force/stress causes ground movement when rock layers reach their elastic
limit then energy is released that generates seismic waves.

LESSON
Earthquakes occur on faults. When rock layers are under stress due to the
movement of materials (magma) in the mantle, it will reach their elastic limit,
and bend then eventually breaks and may move violently forming a fracture
known as fault. The rocks may move upward, downward, side by side and in any
direction.
There are 3 (three) kinds of faults based on the system of force applied to
them.
a. Normal fault- It occurs when the crust (rock layers) are being pulled apart
due to tension, a stress that pulls rock away from each other or in opposite
direction. The overlying block moves down with respect to the lower block.
 With normal faults, the hanging wall moves downward relative to the foot
wall as shown in Figure 1.

Figure No. 3: Normal Fault

b. Reverse fault/Thrust fault – It occurs when crusts (rock layers) are pushed
against or towards each other due to a stress known as compression. In a
reverse fault, the hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall. This kind of
movement is common and usually happens in convergent plate boundaries
where two plates collide.

Figure No. 4: Reverse Fault

c. Strike-slip/Transverse fault – It is vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures

where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. If the block opposite an
observer looking across the fault moves to the right, the slip style is termed
right lateral (dextral); if the block moves to the left, the motion is termed left
lateral (sinistral).
 Figure No. 5: Strike-slip/Transverse fault

ACTIVITIES
Module No. 2: Activity 1: Match up!
Learning Competency:
Using models or illustrations, explain how movements along faults generate
earthquakes S8ES – IIa14

Learning Objectives:
1. Construct fault models; S8ES-IIa14.1.3
2. Differentiate the three (3) types of faults. S8ES – IIa14.1.4
Materials: paper and pen
Procedure: Double Matching Type: Match the terms in Column A with the
movement in Column B then the types of stress in Column C.
Column A Column B Column C
1. Strike- slip fault a. hanging wall f. caused by
moves downward Compression stress

2. Normal fault b. hanging wall g. caused by

moves upward Shearing stress

3. Reverse fault c. hanging wall h. caused by

moves sideways Tension stress

4. dextral d. moves to the i. right lateral

left
5. sinistral e. moves to the j. left lateral
right
Module No. 2: Activity 2: Let’s do it!!!
Materials: sponge, cutter, marker

Procedures: Using marker, draw horizontal line in the sponge. Then, cut it
diagonally. (Be careful in handling cutter.)

On the first set-up, pull the two pieces of sponge. Observe what will
happen.

1.
Before slip After slip
Figure 6: Pulling apart

On the second set-up, push the two pieces of sponge. Observe what will
happen.

2.

Before slip After slip

Figure 7: Pushing
On the third set-up, draw horizontal line against the sponge, then cut it
vertically. Move it in horizontal way. Observe what will happen.
 3.
Figure 8: Sliding

Complete the table below.

Set-up Observation Type of Faults
Before After

Module 2: Activity No. 3: Harmful or Beneficial

Faults can cause harmful effects to us, but it can also have useful effects. Based
on the following pictures, write the harmful and useful effects of faults.

______________________________________

______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________

Figure 9: Hazardous of Earthquake.1

______________________________________
______________________________________
 ______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________

Figure 10: Hazardous of Earthquake.2

______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
_____________________________________

Figure 11: Geological Structure

Closure

Enumerate and differentiate the three (3) types of Faults.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

WRAP-UP
Complete the graphic organizer.

FAULT

HAS THREE (3) TYPES

1 REVERSE 2

OCCURS OCCURS OCCURS

WHEN ROCK
WHEN ROCK
3 LAYERS SLIDE PAST
LAYERS ARE PULLED
APART EACH OTHER

TYPES OF STRESS

5
SHEAR/SHEARING
4
 VALUING

Figure 12: West Valley Fault

Pasig is part of the West Valley Fault System where active faults are found. What
do you think are the socio-economic impacts of this issue?
What do you think are the precautionary measures you need to do in order to
keep safe?

POSTTEST

Read and answer the questions carefully. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which type of fault is where rocks on either side move past each other
sideways?
A. Normal fault C. Strike-slip fault
B. Reverse fault D. Transverse fault

2. When the hanging wall moves downward relative to the foot wall, what
type of fault is being described?
A. Normal fault C. Strike-slip fault
B. Reverse fault D. Transverse fault
3. How do reverse fault occur?
A. Reverse fault occurs when crusts did not move.
B. Reverse fault occurs when crusts move sideways.
C. Reverse fault occurs when crusts are pulled away from each other.
D. Reverse fault occurs when crusts are pushed against or towards each
other.

4. What type of fault is caused by compression and is common at tectonic

plate boundaries?
A. Normal fault C. Strike-slip fault
B. Reverse fault D. Transverse fault

5. According to Seismologists, which type of fault do violent earthquakes

occur?
A. Normal fault C. Strike-slip fault
B. Reverse fault D. Transverse fault

KEY TO CORRECTION
 Pre-Test

1) B 2) C 3) D 4) A 5) D

Recap

1) False 2) True 3) True 4) False 5) True

Module No.2 Activity 1: Match up!

1) C - G 2) A – H 3) B – F

4) E – I 5) D - J

Module No. 2 Activity 2: Let’s Do it!

Set-up Observation Type of Fault
Before After
1 Answers may vary Answers may vary Normal
2 Answers may vary Answers may vary Reverse
3 Answers may vary Answers may vary Strike-slip

Module No. 2 Activity 3: Harmful or Beneficial

Answers may vary

Wrap -Up
1) Normal 2) Strike-slip 3) When rock layers are pushed together.
4) Tension 5) Compression
Valuing
Answers may vary
Post Test

References
A. Books

Campo, et.al,2013. Science Learner’s Module 8 First Edition. Pasig City.

Vibal Publishing House, Inc.
Madriaga, et. al. 2017. Science Links 8 Revised Edition. Manila. Rex Book Store, Inc.

B. Online and Electronic Resources https://www.sms-tsunami-warning.com/pages/fault-

lines#.XyqDKTUxXNA

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transform_fault
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/385480049329054266/
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/553661347915205904/?nic_v1=1a6O9YUWS
http://claremontgeography12.blogspot.com/2011/02/reverse-fault.html
http://www.geologypage.com/2017/10/three-main-types-faults.html
https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/hazards/earthquakes/activities/BoundariesAndFaults.ht ml
https://www.slideshare.net/gauravhtandon1/structural-geology-ii-26485320
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/255750/the-hidden-fractured-earth-
undermetro-manila-s-streets/story/
https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/31/18/philippines-races-to-free-30-trapped-inlandslide
https://pt.slideshare.net/angelabentley/geological-faults-student-copy/5?smtNoRedir=1
http://pasigcitynatin.weebly.com/blog/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-west-valley-fault-line
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/geology/faults-meaning-classification-and-
importancegeology/91572